The document discusses several compromises that helped establish the US federal system, including the Three-Fifths Compromise over representation of slaves in Congress, equal representation of states in the Senate under the Connecticut Compromise, and inclusion of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution to satisfy Anti-Federalists. It also describes how Federalists outmaneuvered Anti-Federalists at the Philadelphia Convention to draft a new Constitution with a stronger federal government.
The U.S. Constitution: Framing, Principles, & RatificationTom Richey
This PowerPoint presentation provides an introduction to the U.S. Constitution, focusing on the Philadelphia Convention, the Constitution's core principles (federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, etc.), and the ratification debates between the Federalists and the Antifederalists.
For more PowerPoint presentations and instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
The U.S. Constitution: Framing, Principles, & RatificationTom Richey
This PowerPoint presentation provides an introduction to the U.S. Constitution, focusing on the Philadelphia Convention, the Constitution's core principles (federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, etc.), and the ratification debates between the Federalists and the Antifederalists.
For more PowerPoint presentations and instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
this presentation gives the basic idea about the key features about the constitution of The United States of America. it also talks about the Father's of The Constitution Making. it provides basic facts about the US constitution - date it was made, etc.
Principles of the Constitution (USHC 1.5)Tom Richey
This PowerPoint presentation was designed to review the principles of the United States Constitution with high school students who are preparing for the South Carolina End of Course (EOC) examination in US History.
this presentation gives the basic idea about the key features about the constitution of The United States of America. it also talks about the Father's of The Constitution Making. it provides basic facts about the US constitution - date it was made, etc.
Principles of the Constitution (USHC 1.5)Tom Richey
This PowerPoint presentation was designed to review the principles of the United States Constitution with high school students who are preparing for the South Carolina End of Course (EOC) examination in US History.
The Founding leading to the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Introduction to the Federalist Papers and their usefulness for ratification. Discuss the Bill of Rights.
PART 1 - MODEL 2 (B).pptFederalismOutline(1) Fe.docxdanhaley45372
PART 1 - MODEL 2 (B).ppt
*
Federalism
Outline
(1) Federalism and Its Alternatives
(2) The Advantages of Federalism
(3) Division of Powers between National and State Governments
(4) Supreme Court’s Interpretation of Federalism
(5) Case study: Medical marijuana
*
Federalism and Its AlternativesConfederal System
consists of a league of independent states, each having essentially sovereign power
e.g. Articles of Confederation, United Nations
Weaknesses led to call for the Constitutional Convention
No Power to draft soldiers, raise taxes, or regulate commerceUnitary System
centralized government in which local governments exercise only those powers given to them by the central government
e.g. France and Great Britain
*
Federalism and Its AlternativesFederal System
power is divided by a written constitution between a central government and state/local governments
e.g. United States
*
The Flow of Power in Three Systems of Government
*
Advantages of FederalismA Practical
Solution
Resolved the dispute between advocates of a strong central government (federalists) and states’ rights advocates (anti-federalists)Brings government closer to the people
Citizens can bring attention to local and state government’s attention
Can resolve issues quicker than relying on federal government
e.g. City of Chino and flies
*
Advantages of FederalismFederalism allows for many political subcultures
States are given flexibility in their policies
e.g. gay marriage
*
Division of Powers Between National and State GovernmentsEnumerated Powers***
Elastic Clause (necessary and proper clause)
the clause in Article I, Section 8, that grants Congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated power
Supremacy Clause
federal law supersedes state and local law
*Selected Constitutional PowersNational GovernmentNational and State GovernmentsState GovernmentsEXPRESSED
To coin money
To regulate interstate commerce
To levy and collect taxes
To declare warCONCURRENT
To levy and collect taxes
To make and enforce laws
To establish courts
To provide for the general welfare
RESERVED TO THE STATES
To regulate intrastate commerce
To conduct elections
To ratify amendments to the federal constitution
*
Supreme Court’s Interpretation of Federalism
Implied Powers and National Supremacy
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)established the implied powers of the national government and the idea of national supremacy
Background: National government chartered a bank in MarylandState imposed a tax to drive it outMcCulloch (bank cashier) refused to pay taxState won in state court, thus sending it to the Supreme Court
*
Case Study: Medical Marijuana
Raich v AshcroftA case involving the commerce clause
Constitutional Question:
Does use of home-grown marijuana involve or impact interstate commerce?
*
Background1970 federal law makes marijuana illegalCalif passed Prop 215 in 1996 which made medical marijuana legalAngel Rai.
Chapter 2
The Constitution and it’s framing.
Lesson Plans
1. History and philosophy leading up to the constitution.
2. The revolution
3. Articles of Confederation
4. Constitutional Convention
5. Key Figures
6. Compromises
7. Amendments
Enlightenment and the Country’s founding
The founding of the country was based in principles in the European enlightenment.
One of the Enlightenment’s goals was to base governance on rationality.
Prior to the Enlightenment, governance was justified through tradition rather than reason.
Locke v Hobbes
Hobbes argued that the rationality for government was to prevent the state of nature.
Hobbes argued that life without the state would be a war between all and nasty, brutish and short. He advocated for a dictator to prevent this.
Locke disagreed. Locke argued that people would rather deal with what he called the mischief of foxes and polecats than to be devoured by lions.
This means that conflicts between individuals are manageable, but a tyrannical state is impossible to avoid.
Locke’s justification for a state is the social contract which is an agreement that the state protects rights. However if a state abuses its people, then it loses its legitimacy.
Locke’s principles drove the American Revolution.
The Revolution
The colonies originally had more freedom to run their own land prior to the Seven Years War (war between France and England).
The colonists were prevented to settle past Appalachia.
To pay back the taxes that resulted from the Seven Years War, England levied taxes on the colonists.
Colonists demanded representation in Parliament.
Stamp Act, (Tax on Paper goods) Townsend Act (Tax on glass, Tea, Paint)
The Colonies boycotted British Manufacturing goods.
Britain sent troops to the colonies, leading to an altercation with the troops known as the Boston Massacre
Britain passed an act that granted a monopoly on the British East India Tea Company, which led to the “Boston Tea Party.”
The Revolution cont.
These acts led to the state of Massachusetts to revolt, followed by the rest of the colonies.
The Declaration of Independence laid out the principles that drove the colonies to revolt against England.
This listed out the ways that Britain abused its power regarding the Social Contract.
“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”
This quote has driven the ideals in which we govern ourselves.
Articles of Confederation
Immediately following the revolution, the new nation agreed on the Articles of confederation.
The articles of confederation is the governing body that ruled the nation between the end of the Revolution and the creation of the constitution.
A confede ...
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Lesson 7: Founding the Republic
1. What were some of the results of the Revolution?
Why did Patriots divide into Federalists and Anti-
Federalists?
Describe compromises that helped establish a new
federal system.
2. p.140-141 Winning the Peace
p. 147 The Assumptions of Republicanism
p. 147-148 The First State Constitutions
p. 149 The Confederation
p. 160-168 Framing a New Government
p. 154-155 Debts, Taxes and Daniel Shays
(blackboard discussion material)
3. I. Results of the
Revolution
A. Independence – Treaty of Paris,
1783
B. Expulsion of Loyalists
C. Continued confiscation and closed
courts
D. Economic problems unresolved
4. II. Revolution and
Government
A. Representation in the state
governments
B. Constitution, Bills of Rights and the
Common Law
C. Articles of Confederation
• central government without customs duties revenue
5. A. Anti-Federalists
• 1. Revolution complete (satisfied that the goals of
1776 have been met)
• 2. Keep the Articles of Confederation
• 3. Continue confiscation of closed courts
• 4. Protect the interests of the majority
B. Federalists
• 1. Revolution incomplete (having goals for the country
beyond those of 1776)
• 2. Significant revision of Articles of Confederation or
replace with a new constitution
• 3. End confiscation and open the courts
• 4. Protect the interests of the minority (economic, not
social)
6. IV. Philadelphia
Convention
A. Federalists outmaneuver Anti-
Federalists
B. Madison and the Virginia Plan
C. Extreme and moderate Federalists
7. • 1. Representation in
A. Great Compromise – Congress
compromise agreed to in • 2. Division of power,
federalism (Constitution,
the Philadelphia Article 1, Section 8
Convention, part of the • 3. Supremacy – see
Constitution Constitution, Article VI,
• 1. Demanded by the Clause
Supremacy Anti-Federalists who had
stalled the Constitution ratification process
• 2. Federalists again outmaneuver Anti-
Federalists
B. Bill of Rights • 3. Compromise agreed to in state ratifying
conventions; ratify the Constitution on the
condition that, through Article V amendment
process, a bill of rights will be added to the
Constitution
• 4. Madison, 1st Congress amendments
proposed, to be ratified by the states –
• 1. Federalists: appeals on
Constitution, Bill of Rights
C. Judiciary Act of 1789 federal questions of law to the
Supreme Court
• 2. Anti-Federalists: “keep
justice close to home”
• a. Broad federal court
system
• b. Use of state courts
8. What were some of the results of the
Revolution?
Why did Patriots divide into
Federalists and Anti-Federalists?
Describe compromises that helped
establish a new federal system.
9.
10. Independence – Treaty of 1783
Very favorable to the United States
No treaty possible until Spain and France agreed
to end hostilities against England
Clear cut recognition of independence
Cession of territory:
Southern border of Canada to northern border of
(spanish) Florida; Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi
River
11. Expulsion of Loyalists
100,000 fled the country
Some fled to England (if they had the financial
means)
Most went to Canada and established the first
English-speaking community in Quebec
Most remained outside the country but some did
return to re-establish their lives after the anti-Tory
resentment died down
12. Continued Confiscation and closed
courts
Confiscation of Loyalist land resulted in new
opportunities for patriots to acquire land and
influence
“following this war, the new aristocracy will be
landowners…”
13. Economic problems unresolved
Those who were wealthy before the war were
wealthy after the war
Those who had social and political influence
before, held the same influence after
14. Representation in the state
governments
Americans agreed that state governments would
be “republican” = system in which all power
comes from the people, not from a supreme
authority.
“all men are created equal” meant that individual
talents would be recognized, not aristocracy of
their position at birth
Some people would be wealthier than others
all people would have to earn their success
no equality of condition but rather equality of
opportunity
This never fully came to fruition
15. Constitutions, bills of rights and
Common Law
Most basic decision of all states was that their
constitutions were to be written
Unwritten constitutions were vague and produce
corruption (England)
All agreed that the power of the Executive must
be limited
Some states limited the power of their state
governor more than others
All states agreed that the governor would not hold a
seat in the state legislature
Ensured separation of the two branches
16. Constitutions, bills of rights and
Common Law
In 11 of 13 state constitutions the “upper”
chamber represented the “higher orders” of
society and did not embrace direct popular
election
Common Law – from British practice; monarchy is
rejected but other British components injected
into state constitutions
Habeus Corpus – release from detention/prison
when cause cannot be given for the detention
Jury trials
Various other civil liberties
Note a certain irony here…one of the first acts of the newly
independent country was to adopt the law of the foreign
sovereign from whom independence had just been
gained…
17. Articles of Confederation
A national government that has the power to:
Conduct wars
Establish foreign relations
Issue money (print money)
CANNOT – tax the people
CANNOT – regulate trade among the states
CANNOT – draft men into the regular army
(see chart on specific powers of each branch)
18. Federalists outmaneuver Anti-
Federalists
Virginia sent delegates who were very well
prepared for constructing a completely new
government from Philadelphia
They had a detailed plan and used it to control
the convention
19. Madison and the Virginia Plan
Edmund Randolph proposed a national
government that consisted of a Legislative,
Executive and Judicial branch
Madison’s Virginia Plan stated the Legislative
branch should be made up of two houses
The lower house representation would be based on
population
The upper house representation would be based on
an election by members of the lower house
No system of determining a set number of representatives
in this upper house
Small states might not have any representatives in the
upper house under this format
20. Extreme and Moderate
Federalists
Extreme Federalists believed the Central
government should control the majority of
workings within the country
Moderate Federalists felt as if the states should
retain some sovereignty
21. Representation in Congress
Proposal called for a legislature of two houses
Lower house representation would be based on
population
Slaves would also count as 3/5 of a free person in
determining population and taxation (Three-Fifths
Compromise)
3/5 formula based on the belief that a slave was
only 3/5 as productive as a free worker and thus
contributed less to the wealth of the state
Upper house representation would be equal with
each state having 2 representatives (New Jersey
Plan)
22. federalism
used to describe a system of the government in
which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between
a central governing authority and constituent political
units (like states or provinces). Federalism is a
system based on democratic rules and institutions in
which the power to govern is shared between
national and provincial/state governments
23. Bill of Rights
One of the very first pieces of business for the
new Congress
They immediately began “filling in the gaps” in the
Constitution thus creating what we know and
refer to today as the “living constitution”
Means it was designed to change with the changing
times
24. Bill of Rights
Demanded by Anti-Federalists
Their demand was mainly on the behalf of small
states (less representation) to protect them from
Congress
25. Bill of Rights
First Amendment – Establishment Clause, Free Exercise Clause;
freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly; right to petition
Second Amendment – Militia (United States), Sovereign state, Right to
keep and bear arms.
Third Amendment – Protection from quartering of troops.
Fourth Amendment – Protection from unreasonable search and seizure.
Fifth Amendment – due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination,
eminent domain.
Sixth Amendment – Trial by jury and rights of the accused;
Confrontation Clause, speedy trial, public trial, right to counsel
Seventh Amendment – Civil trial by jury.
Eighth Amendment – Prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and
unusual punishment.
Ninth Amendment – Protection of rights not specifically enumerated in
the Constitution.
Tenth Amendment – Powers of States and people.
26. Capital moves south
Congressional meetings (first and second
continental congress and the 1st official Congress
in 1789 under the Constitution) were held in New
York and Philadelphia
Southerners wanted to move it closer to the south
A compromise was reached (Hamilton v.
Jefferson)
Federal government would agree to take on state
debts incurred from the war and debt that could not
be met under the Articles of Confederation
Needed southern support to do this
Moving the capital to “Foggy Bottom”, owned by
George Washington, was enough incentive for
southerners to agree to compromise
27. Broad federal court system
Congress gave Supreme Court the power to
make the final decision in cases involving the
constitutionality of state laws
28. Use of state courts
Act gave the federal court system power to
remove certain cases from the state court system
to be tried in federal court system
13 district courts, one judge each
3 circuit courts of appeals, one district judge and
two supreme court judges