The Comparison and Contrast Block Comparison Essay Template
The BLOCK COMPARISON ORGANIZATIONstyleof a comparison/contrast essay has been formatted for you below. In this type of essay, you discuss three points about Topic A (person, place, thing) in your first body paragraph. Then you discuss the same three points about Topic B (person, place or concept) in Body Paragraph #2. Determine your paragraph order depending on the point you wish to make at the end of your essay.
This format is ideal for comparing or contrasting several of the same points about two persons, places or concepts. This format will enable you to draw a clear distinction between the two and make an insightful comment about what you perceive are their similarities and differences. Remember to use the same discussion points concerning Topic A with Topic B.
Not required, but a “Hook” -
Can capture the reader’s imagination and motivate him or her to read further. It is usually the first sentence in your introductory paragraph.
Hook:
The Introductory Paragraph
This introductory paragraph should include points that stay on message and develop your thesis/core idea. The strategies generally used in an introductory paragraph are general ideas to specific ones (General to Specific) which funnel down to your thesis statement. These general to specific ideas are usually draw from the content of your essay. You are essentially giving us a preview of what is to come. Also, you may use historical material (Facts, Historical or Research data) to reinforce your thesis statement and the merit of this essay. The final method for fashioning an introductory paragraph is a personal anecdote, either your own or someone else’s.
Each of the above techniques has to set up your thesis statement and motivate readers to venture on to determine the point of the essay.
Introductory Paragraph
Thesis statement or core idea.
What is the point of this essay? Your thesis statement has to hone in on the point (core idea) you are trying to make in this essay. This is the last sentence in your introductory paragraph.
Thesis Statement:
Body Paragraph #1:
Topic Sentence #1
This should allude to your thesis sentence or core idea in some way. This is the first sentence in Body Paragraph #1
Topic Sentence #1:
Body Paragraph #1 (Three or more discussion points about Topic A)
This paragraph should stay on message and clearly develop the three or more points you wish to develop as part of your thesis/core idea.
First Body Paragraph:
Item of Comparison/Contrast #1:
Item of Comparison/contrast #2
Item of Comparison/Contrast #3
A brief summation of Body Paragraph #1 that helps transition into Body Paragraph #2. This is the last sentence in Body Paragraph #1.
Brief Summation of Body Paragraph #1:
Body Paragraph #2
Topic Sentence #2
This paragraph should allude to your thesis sentence or core idea in some way. This is the first sentence in Body Paragraph #2.
Topic sentence #2:
Body Paragraph #2 (.
Please pay attention to all the details. The instructor told me th.docxstilliegeorgiana
Please pay attention to all the details. The instructor told me the conclusion must include all the topics learned in this class sin ce week 2. I added all the necessary info you need to complete the conclusion for my final paper.
Concusion Section
7 - Conclusion: In this section, the student will identify a summary of their EBP project as well as consider the potential contribution to their specialty track (FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER) practice setting. The required content includes: MUST BE A COMPREHENSIVE CONCLUSION FROM WEEK 2 THROUGH WEEK 7
· Provide a comprehensive summary of key points from this EBP proposal project (PART A)
WEEK 2 – To develop an EBP PICOT/PICo question as well as a research question, numerous sources can trigger the spirit of inquiry, or to put it simply, the "I wonder . . . ?" The sources include, but are not limited to, the following.
· Identification of a concern in a practice area (i.e., "I wonder how I can prevent . . . ")
· Inconsistencies found in professional literature (i.e., Article A says I should do X, but Article B says that the preferred action is Y. I wonder which one is correct for my practice area.")
· Problems occurring with the practice area (i.e., "This has been a problem in the unit as long as I can remember; I wonder how I can improve the . . . ")
· Reviewing nursing theory (i.e., "I read that knowledge helps with self-care; I wonder whether it would help to foster patient compliance with . . . )
Although the source of the EBPPICOT/PICo or research study question can vary based upon your practice area and its related events, the role of nursing theory is where this week begins.
WEEK 3 – Discussions - Elements of Quantitative Research: Design and Sampling
This discussion will explore the quantitative approach sampling and design by analyzing a single study quantitative research article related to your specialty track. WEEK 4 - Developing New Evidence: Qualitative Research Studies Overview of the Qualitative Research Approach
Qualitative research studies phenomena in their natural settings. By using the natural settings, this design interprets phenomena in terms of the meanings that people bring to them. Qualitative research aims to get a better understanding through firsthand experience because subjects share thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Qualitative research involves the collection of a variety of empirical materials. These materials include, but are not limited to, case study, personal experience, life story, interviews, observations, historical perspectives, interactional, and visual texts. All of this information becomes data that describe routine as well as problematic moments with the meanings these moments have in individuals' lives.
Often, the qualitative approach is used as the initial research study in an area of interest because it will help to explore and define the phenomena. By gaining an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations, it provid ...
Intro to Sociology Article AbstractsAssignment First, c.docxmariuse18nolet
Intro to Sociology
Article Abstracts
Assignment: First, choose a research topic that can be studied from a social science perspective and a topic which has some personal interest to you. Second, locate and write an abstract for two professional journal articles, which are related to your research topic of interest. Using the format and model provided below, for each article discuss the a) problem statement, b) sample, c) research methods, d) findings, and e) application.
Procedure: Use the information provided by the resource librarian who came to class, as well as the written materials provided. Materials from the text book, bibliographies, etc. may also be of use. Find professional journals used in the social sciences, especially sociology journals, and locate three articles related to your research topic. Do not use popular periodicals like Newsweek, Time, The Wichita Eagle, Jet, or Cosmopolitan.
Format: Use a separate page for each abstract. At the top of the page, give a full citation of the article using this form:
Author's last name, author's first name. Year. "Title of the article in
quotation marks." Title of the Journal underlined Volume Number (date); pages.
In addition, use the following headings as an outline for the required information from each article you abstract. The writing task under each heading is noted.
A. Problem Statement: State clearly and concisely the research problem of the study...that is, what is the purpose of the research?
B. Sample: State clearly who is studied, where, and when. Briefly discuss the size and nature of the sample.
C. Methods: Tell briefly and clearly how the information for the study was collected. Interview, observation, survey, experiment, etc.
D. Findings: Without using statistics, summarize the important findings in the study.
E. Application: What is the significance or value of the findings? How does the author suggest they be used? To whom might these findings be useful?
F. Abstractor’s name
and date.
Each Abstract is worth 50 points each.
SAMPLE ABSTRACT
Downey, Douglas B. and Brian Powell. 1993. "Do Children in Single-Parent Households Fare Better Living With Same-Sex Parents?" Journal of Marriage and the Family 55:55-71.
Problem Statement: The purpose of the study is to answer the question whether living with a single parent of the same sex provides any advantage over living with a parent of the other sex.
Sample: A nationally representative sample of 3,892 eighth graders living with a single parent; 3,483 of whom live with their mothers, and 409 of whom live with their fathers. This subset is part of a much larger data set, National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), where 24,599 subjects were selected through a stratified random sampling design with clustering of sampling units within schools.
Methods: Survey methods were used to collect data from students, teachers, parents, and school reco.
Topic Discovery of Online Course Reviews Using LDA with Leveraging Reviews He...IJECEIAES
Despite the popularity of the Massive Open Online Courses, small-scale research has been done to understand the factors that influence the teaching-learning process through the massive online platform. Using topic modeling approach, our results show terms with prior knowledge to understand e.g.: Chuck as the instructor name. So, we proposed the topic modeling approach on helpful subjective reviews. The results show five influential factors: “learn easy excellent class program”, “python learn class easy lot”, “Program learn easy python time game”, and “learn class python time game”. Also, research results showed that the proposed method improved the perplexity score on the LDA model.
A Qualitative Study on Reframing the Problem-solving Paradigm of Management Science.
Neither Qualitative nor Quantitative methods, as they are currently constituted, adequately resolve the problems of representation and legitimation in the management sciences. This project seeks to resolve contradictions in the ontological and epistemological foundations of social science in order to overcome shortcomings in the two major paradigms that are used in research, where different views of the same phenomena emerge and multiple realities appear to exist.
GE 3000 – Introduction Section (Research Problem Statement)Int.docxshericehewat
GE 3000 – Introduction Section (Research Problem Statement)
Introduction: Formulating a Research Problem is the first and most important step of the research process. While the main portion of your work for this semester is focused on the Literature Review, the introduction to the research paper - The Research Problem Statement – is an important step in setting up the research problem to be investigated.
The Research Problem Statement comes before the Literature Review and acts as an introduction in a full-length research paper. The Research Problem Statement should be about 250-350 words in length, or about a page to a page-and-a-half when double-spaced. You must cite a minimum of two references (two scholarly sources) in proper MLA or APA format.
The main questions a Research Problem answers are:
· What will be researched? Identify a specific problem, program, or phenomenon
· Who will be researched? Who is the study population (people)?
Questions you should ask yourself when composing the Research Problem:
(Note that these questions are not necessarily going to be explicitly answered question-by-question in the Research Problem Statement. Rather, these are things that you should be thinking about and able to answer for yourself before you begin constructing the document).
· Who is the study population? How can you further refine the study population?
· What exactly do you want to understand about the topic/problem?
· Is the Research Problem too broad?
· How relevant is the research to your study area/discipline/major/interests?
· What motivates you to do the research on the chosen topic/problem?
· Why should others be interested in your chosen topic/problem?
· What are the concepts and issues to be studied?
· What concepts and measurements have to be further defined before the study begins?
· Do you have enough time to complete the research?
· Is an answer to the Research Problem obvious?
Constructing a Research Problem
A Research Problem typically consists of three parts: 1) the ideal, 2) the reality, and 3) the consequences.
1. Part A- the ideal: Describes a desired goal or ideal situation; explains how things should be.
2. Part B - the reality: Describes a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value in Part A from being achieved or realized at this time; explains how the current situation falls short of the goal or ideal.
3. Part C - the consequences: Identifies the way you propose to improve the current situation and move it closer to the goal or ideal.
Steps to Writing a Research Problem:
Step 1 (statement 1): Construct statement 1 by describing a goal or desired state of a given situation, phenomenon etc. This will build the ideal situation (what should be, what is expected, desired). How should things be in your topic? What is the ideal scenario?
Step 2 (statement 2): Describe a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value discussed in step 1 from being achieved or realized at the present time. This will build ...
Please pay attention to all the details. The instructor told me th.docxstilliegeorgiana
Please pay attention to all the details. The instructor told me the conclusion must include all the topics learned in this class sin ce week 2. I added all the necessary info you need to complete the conclusion for my final paper.
Concusion Section
7 - Conclusion: In this section, the student will identify a summary of their EBP project as well as consider the potential contribution to their specialty track (FAMILY NURSE PRACTITIONER) practice setting. The required content includes: MUST BE A COMPREHENSIVE CONCLUSION FROM WEEK 2 THROUGH WEEK 7
· Provide a comprehensive summary of key points from this EBP proposal project (PART A)
WEEK 2 – To develop an EBP PICOT/PICo question as well as a research question, numerous sources can trigger the spirit of inquiry, or to put it simply, the "I wonder . . . ?" The sources include, but are not limited to, the following.
· Identification of a concern in a practice area (i.e., "I wonder how I can prevent . . . ")
· Inconsistencies found in professional literature (i.e., Article A says I should do X, but Article B says that the preferred action is Y. I wonder which one is correct for my practice area.")
· Problems occurring with the practice area (i.e., "This has been a problem in the unit as long as I can remember; I wonder how I can improve the . . . ")
· Reviewing nursing theory (i.e., "I read that knowledge helps with self-care; I wonder whether it would help to foster patient compliance with . . . )
Although the source of the EBPPICOT/PICo or research study question can vary based upon your practice area and its related events, the role of nursing theory is where this week begins.
WEEK 3 – Discussions - Elements of Quantitative Research: Design and Sampling
This discussion will explore the quantitative approach sampling and design by analyzing a single study quantitative research article related to your specialty track. WEEK 4 - Developing New Evidence: Qualitative Research Studies Overview of the Qualitative Research Approach
Qualitative research studies phenomena in their natural settings. By using the natural settings, this design interprets phenomena in terms of the meanings that people bring to them. Qualitative research aims to get a better understanding through firsthand experience because subjects share thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Qualitative research involves the collection of a variety of empirical materials. These materials include, but are not limited to, case study, personal experience, life story, interviews, observations, historical perspectives, interactional, and visual texts. All of this information becomes data that describe routine as well as problematic moments with the meanings these moments have in individuals' lives.
Often, the qualitative approach is used as the initial research study in an area of interest because it will help to explore and define the phenomena. By gaining an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations, it provid ...
Intro to Sociology Article AbstractsAssignment First, c.docxmariuse18nolet
Intro to Sociology
Article Abstracts
Assignment: First, choose a research topic that can be studied from a social science perspective and a topic which has some personal interest to you. Second, locate and write an abstract for two professional journal articles, which are related to your research topic of interest. Using the format and model provided below, for each article discuss the a) problem statement, b) sample, c) research methods, d) findings, and e) application.
Procedure: Use the information provided by the resource librarian who came to class, as well as the written materials provided. Materials from the text book, bibliographies, etc. may also be of use. Find professional journals used in the social sciences, especially sociology journals, and locate three articles related to your research topic. Do not use popular periodicals like Newsweek, Time, The Wichita Eagle, Jet, or Cosmopolitan.
Format: Use a separate page for each abstract. At the top of the page, give a full citation of the article using this form:
Author's last name, author's first name. Year. "Title of the article in
quotation marks." Title of the Journal underlined Volume Number (date); pages.
In addition, use the following headings as an outline for the required information from each article you abstract. The writing task under each heading is noted.
A. Problem Statement: State clearly and concisely the research problem of the study...that is, what is the purpose of the research?
B. Sample: State clearly who is studied, where, and when. Briefly discuss the size and nature of the sample.
C. Methods: Tell briefly and clearly how the information for the study was collected. Interview, observation, survey, experiment, etc.
D. Findings: Without using statistics, summarize the important findings in the study.
E. Application: What is the significance or value of the findings? How does the author suggest they be used? To whom might these findings be useful?
F. Abstractor’s name
and date.
Each Abstract is worth 50 points each.
SAMPLE ABSTRACT
Downey, Douglas B. and Brian Powell. 1993. "Do Children in Single-Parent Households Fare Better Living With Same-Sex Parents?" Journal of Marriage and the Family 55:55-71.
Problem Statement: The purpose of the study is to answer the question whether living with a single parent of the same sex provides any advantage over living with a parent of the other sex.
Sample: A nationally representative sample of 3,892 eighth graders living with a single parent; 3,483 of whom live with their mothers, and 409 of whom live with their fathers. This subset is part of a much larger data set, National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), where 24,599 subjects were selected through a stratified random sampling design with clustering of sampling units within schools.
Methods: Survey methods were used to collect data from students, teachers, parents, and school reco.
Topic Discovery of Online Course Reviews Using LDA with Leveraging Reviews He...IJECEIAES
Despite the popularity of the Massive Open Online Courses, small-scale research has been done to understand the factors that influence the teaching-learning process through the massive online platform. Using topic modeling approach, our results show terms with prior knowledge to understand e.g.: Chuck as the instructor name. So, we proposed the topic modeling approach on helpful subjective reviews. The results show five influential factors: “learn easy excellent class program”, “python learn class easy lot”, “Program learn easy python time game”, and “learn class python time game”. Also, research results showed that the proposed method improved the perplexity score on the LDA model.
A Qualitative Study on Reframing the Problem-solving Paradigm of Management Science.
Neither Qualitative nor Quantitative methods, as they are currently constituted, adequately resolve the problems of representation and legitimation in the management sciences. This project seeks to resolve contradictions in the ontological and epistemological foundations of social science in order to overcome shortcomings in the two major paradigms that are used in research, where different views of the same phenomena emerge and multiple realities appear to exist.
GE 3000 – Introduction Section (Research Problem Statement)Int.docxshericehewat
GE 3000 – Introduction Section (Research Problem Statement)
Introduction: Formulating a Research Problem is the first and most important step of the research process. While the main portion of your work for this semester is focused on the Literature Review, the introduction to the research paper - The Research Problem Statement – is an important step in setting up the research problem to be investigated.
The Research Problem Statement comes before the Literature Review and acts as an introduction in a full-length research paper. The Research Problem Statement should be about 250-350 words in length, or about a page to a page-and-a-half when double-spaced. You must cite a minimum of two references (two scholarly sources) in proper MLA or APA format.
The main questions a Research Problem answers are:
· What will be researched? Identify a specific problem, program, or phenomenon
· Who will be researched? Who is the study population (people)?
Questions you should ask yourself when composing the Research Problem:
(Note that these questions are not necessarily going to be explicitly answered question-by-question in the Research Problem Statement. Rather, these are things that you should be thinking about and able to answer for yourself before you begin constructing the document).
· Who is the study population? How can you further refine the study population?
· What exactly do you want to understand about the topic/problem?
· Is the Research Problem too broad?
· How relevant is the research to your study area/discipline/major/interests?
· What motivates you to do the research on the chosen topic/problem?
· Why should others be interested in your chosen topic/problem?
· What are the concepts and issues to be studied?
· What concepts and measurements have to be further defined before the study begins?
· Do you have enough time to complete the research?
· Is an answer to the Research Problem obvious?
Constructing a Research Problem
A Research Problem typically consists of three parts: 1) the ideal, 2) the reality, and 3) the consequences.
1. Part A- the ideal: Describes a desired goal or ideal situation; explains how things should be.
2. Part B - the reality: Describes a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value in Part A from being achieved or realized at this time; explains how the current situation falls short of the goal or ideal.
3. Part C - the consequences: Identifies the way you propose to improve the current situation and move it closer to the goal or ideal.
Steps to Writing a Research Problem:
Step 1 (statement 1): Construct statement 1 by describing a goal or desired state of a given situation, phenomenon etc. This will build the ideal situation (what should be, what is expected, desired). How should things be in your topic? What is the ideal scenario?
Step 2 (statement 2): Describe a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value discussed in step 1 from being achieved or realized at the present time. This will build ...
2TYPE ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE Assignment 1 Topic.docxlorainedeserre
2
TYPE ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE
Assignment 1: Topic Outline and Objectives
Student Name Here
Date
EDU528
Dr. Sheri Burnett
Strayer University
Running head: TYPE ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE 1
Abstract
This is the abstract, which is typed in block format with no indentation. The abstract briefly summarizes your paper in 150-200 words. Through your abstract, your readers should be able to fully understand the content and the implications of the paper. Also, note that you cannot write this section until the paper is completed. REMOVE THIS SECTION UNLESS YOU ARE REQUIRED TO WRITE AN ABSTRACT.
The Topic Outline and Objectives
Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check Spacing under Format, Paragraph in your word processor, and make sure that it is set to “0”). Instead, just double space as usual, indent a full ½ inch (use the tab key), and start typing. The introduction should receive no specific heading because readers assume that the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. If you use headings, follow the instructions below. NOTE THAT NOT ALL ASSIGNMENTS REQUIRE HEADINGS.
Description
Summarize the subject that you would teach and the value of the subject for yourself and others.
Text will be the beginning of the body of the essay. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph contains only one topic, and when you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Also, avoid long paragraphs (more than three-fourths of a page) to help hold readers’ attention—many shorter paragraphs are better than a few long ones. In short, think: new idea, new paragraph.
Create a Topic Outline for the Subject of your Course
#1. Identify The Purpose Of The Paper.
#2. Identify Your Key Points.
#3. Add Supporting Details.
#4. Write Your Introduction.
#5. Write Your Conclusion.
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas. Below are a few examples of how to transition from one statement to another:
1. Many music teachers at Olson Junior High are concerned about losing their jobs (J. Thompson, personal communication, July 3, 2004), largely due to the state’s recent financial cutbacks of fine arts programs (Pennsylvania Educational System, 2004).
2. Obesity affects as much as 17% of the total population of children, an increase which may lead to other chronic health problems (Johnson & Hammer, 2003; Christianson, 2004).
Write at least one over-arching objective (terminal objective ...
INTRODUCTIONModule 3 Week 6 The Purpose StatementIn thiTatianaMajor22
INTRODUCTION
Module 3 Week 6: The Purpose Statement
In this course, you have learned that a final problem statement normally takes many months to develop. Yet this week, you are asked to begin to develop the purpose statement. This is not because your problem statement is finalized but because it is time for you to evaluate and practice creating the rest of the common components of the doctoral capstone. This is part of the iterative process of preparing the capstone.
Remember, though, that the assignments in this course are unlikely to be final versions of your study. The intention is to help you to understand and prepare for what you will need to write in your capstone.
The purpose statement serves as the connection between the problem being addressed and the focus of the study. Depending on the methodology, in:
· Quantitative studies, state what needs to be studied by describing two or more factors (variables) and a conjectured relationship between (among) them related to the identified gap in practice or problem;
· Qualitative studies, describe the need for increased understanding about the issue to be studied (based on the identified gap or problem); and
· Mixed-methods studies (with both quantitative and qualitative aspects), clarify how the two approaches will be used together to inform the study.
Notes on Readings
This week’s readings continue to provide information on how to review the research literature. Apply this guidance to your ongoing efforts to read and take notes interactively in the research relevant to your problem. The media and other resources, this week, will help you to develop your understanding of the purpose statement.
The reading in the Single text, this week, can help you to fine tune your system for scholarly reading and note taking via the use of your citation management software.
This week, Thomas provides detailed instructions about how to interact with, and review, the research literature. These skills are critical in your work on your doctorate.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
· Apply technological tools to find, analyze, and evaluate existing research
· Analyze purpose statements
· Apply knowledge of APA references
· Apply knowledge of doctoral study
Assignment: The Purpose and Problem Statements
Stephen King, who has written more than 50 novels—and other books that have sold hundreds of millions of copies—also wrote about how he writes. In his book, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, King explains that his iterative approach to writing involves writing, putting it aside, writing something else, and then returning to the first draft.
While it is unlikely you will adopt Stephen King’s ritual for draft versions, recognize that “writing drafts” are an essential part of the process. This week’s writing assignment allows you to present an improved and refined problem statement and an aligned purpose statement.
To Prepare
For this revision of your purpose and problem statements, apply what you have learn ...
Chapter 1 IntroductionBackgroundIntroductionIn this section, .docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 1 Introduction
Background/Introduction
In this section, present enough information about the proposed work such that the reader understands the general context or setting. It is also helpful to include a summary of how the rest of this document is organized.
Problem Statement
In this section, present a concise statement of a research-worthy problem addressed (i.e., why the work should be undertaken – don’t say required for the class). Follow the statement of the problem with a well-supported discussion of its scope and nature. The discussion of the problem should include: what the problem is, why it is a problem, how the problem evolved or developed, and the issues and events leading to the problem.
Goal
Next, include a concise definition of the goal of the work (i.e., what the work will accomplish). Aim to define a goal that is measurable.
Research Questions
Research questions are developed to help guide the authors through the literature for a given problem area. What were the open-ended questions asked and why did the student find (or not find) them adequate.
Relevance and Significance
The student should consider the following questions as they read through an article stating how the author(s) supported, or left unsupported the evidence, relevance, and significance of their research literature:
Why is there a problem? What groups or individuals are affected?
How far-ranging is the problem and how great is its impact? What’s the benefit of solving the problem?
What has been tried without success to correct the situation? Why weren’t those attempts successful? What are the consequences of not solving the problem?
How does the goal of the study address the research problem and how will the proposed study offer promise as a resolution to the problem?
How will the research add to the knowledge base?
What is the potential for generalization of the results?
What is the potential for original work?
Barriers and Issues
In these paragraphs, identify how the problem is inherently difficult to solve. How did the solution the author(s) propose address the difficulties?
Chapter 2 Literature Review
In this section, it is important to clearly identify the major areas on which the student will need to focus the student research in order to build a solid foundation for the study in the existing body of knowledge. The literature review is the presentation of quality literature in a particular field that serves as the foundation and justification for the research problem, research questions or hypothesis, and methodology. The student will develop a more comprehensive review of the literature as part of the research.
Chapter 3 Approach/Methodology
This chapter includes a summary of how the student are going to proceed with the evaluation of the problem statement and associated research question(s). Given the short time of this course, a compare / contrast or advantage / disadvantage analysis is recommended that
Chapter 4: Findings, ...
THEORETICAL REVIEW Please read through these extensive assignmen.docxsusannr
THEORETICAL REVIEW
Please read through these extensive assignment instructions carefully.
If you allow yourself enough time on this assignment, you can work with an
online writing tutor
by going to this website
:
https://case.fiu.edu/writingcenter/make-an-appointment/index.html
OVERVIEW OF THE PAPER
In this
Gordon Rule Writing
course, you will complete
three writing assignments
that build on each other to facilitate your progress.
The goal of these writing assignments is for you to sharpen your research skills, apply communication theory to everyday life, and demonstrate college-level writing skills
.
SELECTION OF THE TOPIC
1. Select Section
From the sections of our course textbook on communication theories, you will choose
three sections
to base your three Theoretical Review papers on. For the Theoretical Review Paper_1, you will work with the first section of the course textbook --
The Self and Messages
. This section is assigned to you to get us started with the writing assignments, however, going forward in the course you will be able to choose the section you want to focus on for each Theoretical Review Paper. The sections you can choose from are below and they align with the sections of the course textbook.
The sections on communication theories are:
The Self and Messages (Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7)
Relationship Development (Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11)
Groups and Organizations (Chapters 14, 17)
Culture and Diversity (Chapters 27, 28)
Public and Media (Chapters 18, 21, 25, 26)
2. Select a Theory from each section
From each section, you will select a theory you will research and write about in your Theoretical Reveiw Paper. For the first Theoretical Review Paper you will select theory/theories from (1) The Self and Messages (Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7); choose one theory to research.
With that theory, you should research how the theory applies to some aspect of communication of interest to you.
For example, here are some topics
(sections of the text, theories, communication aspect)
that other students have previously chosen:
The Self and Messages
Symbolic Interactionism (theory), intrapersonal communication (communication context), and self-esteem among college students (situation or issue from everyday life).
Symbolic Interactionism (theory), intrapersonal communication (communication context), and its relationship to body-shaming (situation or issue from everyday life).
Coordinated Management of Meaning theory, intrapersonal communication (communication context), and its effects on the business environment (situation or issue from everyday life).
Cognitive Dissonance Theory, intrapersonal communication (communication context), and the effects on romantic relationships (situation or issue from everyday life)
Expectancy Violations Theory, intrapersonal communication, and employer/employee relationships (situation or issue from everyday life)
Relationship Development
Uncertainty Reduction Theory, interpersonal.
College of Doctoral StudiesBackground Inform.docxadkinspaige22
College of Doctoral Studies
Background Information
Clark and Springer (2007) conducted a qualitative study to examine the perceptions of faculty and students in a nursing program on incivility. Their key research questions were:
· How do nursing students and nurse faculty contribute to incivility in nursing education?
· What are some of the causes of incivility in nursing education?
· What remedies might be effective in preventing or reducing incivility?
They gathered responses from the Incivility in Nursing Education Survey (INE), which included both Likert-scale and open-ended questions from 36 nursing faculty and 168 nursing students. Each of the researchers reviewed all comments and organized them by themes.
For this PSY-850 class, you will design a “mock” replication of the Clark and Springer (2007) study on student and faculty perceptions of incivility in a university nursing program. However, the doctoral students will investigate student and faculty perceptions in undergraduate psychology classes in one university located in the northern United States.
You will use the Incivility in Higher Education (IHE) survey, developed by Clark (2007; 2011) for the purposes of this study. Questions on the survey measure faculty and student perceptions of uncivil actions (disruptive and threatening), how often those behaviors occur and strategies for improving civil behaviors in university settings. The IHE was adapted from the INE, with minor rewording, is similar in structure to the survey used by Clark and Springer, but is appropriate for any academic discipline within higher education (Wagner, 2014).
The IHE has three parts. Part 1 collects demographic information, such as major, gender, age, and years of teaching experience for faculty. Part 2 asks individuals to rank 16 different behaviors exhibited by students that both students and faculty may perceive as disruptive. Part 3 focuses on 20 faculty behaviors that may be perceived as disruptive. Both parts 2 and 3 also investigate how often the faculty has experienced the behavior in the past 12 months (often to never on Likert scale), and if the faculty members have experienced any of the 13 threatening behaviors (yes or no) by students or other faculty respectively. Five open-ended questions give the faculty member the opportunity to add contributing factors related to student and faculty incivility, and how students or faculty in particular contribute to incivility. A final question asked if the faculty member would like to add comments. The survey is designed in a manner that allows for gathering data from faculty and students or from only faculty or only students (C. Clark, personal communication, 2013 as cited in Wagner, 2014).
Week 2 Assignment: (Read the following article and construct a 10 key points document.)
GCU doctoral learners use the 10 Key Strategic Points document to outline the key components of a research study. For the Week 2 assignment, you will use the original Clark.
College of Doctoral StudiesBackground Inform.docxhallettfaustina
College of Doctoral Studies
Background Information
Clark and Springer (2007) conducted a qualitative study to examine the perceptions of faculty and students in a nursing program on incivility. Their key research questions were:
· How do nursing students and nurse faculty contribute to incivility in nursing education?
· What are some of the causes of incivility in nursing education?
· What remedies might be effective in preventing or reducing incivility?
They gathered responses from the Incivility in Nursing Education Survey (INE), which included both Likert-scale and open-ended questions from 36 nursing faculty and 168 nursing students. Each of the researchers reviewed all comments and organized them by themes.
For this PSY-850 class, you will design a “mock” replication of the Clark and Springer (2007) study on student and faculty perceptions of incivility in a university nursing program. However, the doctoral students will investigate student and faculty perceptions in undergraduate psychology classes in one university located in the northern United States.
You will use the Incivility in Higher Education (IHE) survey, developed by Clark (2007; 2011) for the purposes of this study. Questions on the survey measure faculty and student perceptions of uncivil actions (disruptive and threatening), how often those behaviors occur and strategies for improving civil behaviors in university settings. The IHE was adapted from the INE, with minor rewording, is similar in structure to the survey used by Clark and Springer, but is appropriate for any academic discipline within higher education (Wagner, 2014).
The IHE has three parts. Part 1 collects demographic information, such as major, gender, age, and years of teaching experience for faculty. Part 2 asks individuals to rank 16 different behaviors exhibited by students that both students and faculty may perceive as disruptive. Part 3 focuses on 20 faculty behaviors that may be perceived as disruptive. Both parts 2 and 3 also investigate how often the faculty has experienced the behavior in the past 12 months (often to never on Likert scale), and if the faculty members have experienced any of the 13 threatening behaviors (yes or no) by students or other faculty respectively. Five open-ended questions give the faculty member the opportunity to add contributing factors related to student and faculty incivility, and how students or faculty in particular contribute to incivility. A final question asked if the faculty member would like to add comments. The survey is designed in a manner that allows for gathering data from faculty and students or from only faculty or only students (C. Clark, personal communication, 2013 as cited in Wagner, 2014).
Week 2 Assignment: (Read the following article and construct a 10 key points document.)
GCU doctoral learners use the 10 Key Strategic Points document to outline the key components of a research study. For the Week 2 assignment, you will use the original Clark ...
NORMAN, ELTON_BUS7380-8-6 2
NORMAN, ELTON_BUS7380-8-6 1
Analyze Qualitative Data
BUS-7380 Assignment # 6
Elton Norman
Dr. Vicki Lindsay
9 November 2019
Greetings Elton,
Using the same research design that you selected for the Week 5 assignment, you were to take 2-4 pages and consider the type of data collected to create procedures for a comprehensive analysis. Clearly define your approach to: (a) organizing data; (b) coding and thematic development; (c) triangulation; and (d) using software applications.
***************
The feedback process consisted of a four-part summary (four-parts listed below), a few short, location-specific balloon-comments found within the margins of the text, and the highlighting of grammar, punctuation, or APA styling errors found within the text. Make sure that you view your document with the track changes (review toolbar) set to ALL MARKUP to be able to see all the comments.
The summary is split into four parts. These four parts consist of grammar/punctuation, conformity with APA style citations, conformity with APA style references, and content. The order of the parts listed does not intend to emphasize the importance of the parts as the content is always the most important part of the assignment. Therefore, it is listed in the end because normal memory concentrates on what was heard / read last.
What was found:
Grammar/ Punctuation
There were a few grammar or punctuation errors found within. There were problems in spelling, missing punctuation leading to run on sentences, missing punctuation leading to grammatical issues, and the agreement issues between words (i.e., subject/verb agreement and numerical plural numbers without plural noun). Make sure that you read your work prior to submission so that you will not have run on sentences within your work. Pay attention to the word “and” within your work.
APA style citations
The citations present were in APA format. You seem to be missing the additional 3 scholarly sources from your field that were required within this assignment.
APA style references
Not enough information was included within your references to make them correct APA references. You are missing page numbers, volume, issue number, and the digital object identifier for your journal article sources. Your book title should be in italics. The publisher should not. All of the titles should be in sentence case not in title case. This is not a problem with the software program. This is a problem with the keypunch issue. Your program cannot change lowercase letters into uppercase letters in vice versa. You must be it incorrectly for it to properly appear. Many have problems with this thought process. Do not leave it up to the software program to correct keypunch errors.
Content
The same problem that you had an assignment 5 appeared in assignment 6. You are not explaining how these research designs will fit with your research questions or problems statement as you move forward throug ...
Research Paper Using Word This assignment has two goals.docxaudeleypearl
Research Paper Using Word
This assignment has two goals: 1) have students, via research, increase their understanding of impacts of information
technology on current world issues, and 2) learn to correctly use the tools and techniques within Word to format a research
paper, including use of available References and citation tools. These skills will be valuable throughout a student’s
academic career.
The paper will require a title page, NO abstract, three to five full pages of content with incorporation of a minimum of 3
external resources from credible sources and a Works Cited/References page. Wikipedia and similar general information
sites, blogs or discussion groups are not considered creditable sources for a research project. No more than 10% of the
paper may be in the form of a direct citation from an external source. Choose your topic from the list of topics that follow
these organization steps.
Paper organization
Open Word and save a blank document with the following name:
“Student’s LastNameFirstInitial Research Paper”
The paper should be organized in the following way:
1. Title page:
a. Center in the middle of the page (horizontally and vertically) the title (subject) of the paper and below that
your name
2. Body of the paper:
a. Use 12-point Arial font
b. Set the margins at 1”
c. Length – 3-5 full pages, not counting the title page or the References page.
d. Include a minimum of 3 APA-formatted citations and related References page. Every reference must be cited
at least once, and every citation have an entry in the References list. If you are not familiar with APA format,
it is recommended that you use the References feature in Word for your citations and Reference List or refer
to the "Citing and Writing" option under the Resources/Library/Get Help area in the LEO classroom. It is
important to review the final format for APA-style correctness even if generated by Word.
e. Include at least two (2) informational footnotes. Footnotes are not used to list a reference! Footnotes contain
information about the topic to which the footnote has been attached.
f. Place the references on a separate page following the body of the paper. Note: Use a hard return (CTRL
Enter) after the end of your paper body and the start of the References page.
3. Organization of the content of the paper:
Include the following sections in the paper (include, in bold, the headings identified here):
a. Introduction - Identify the issue or idea. Explain why was the topic selected and what you are trying to
achieve (what is your end goal). The introduction should not be more than half a page; details will be
discussed in the follow-on areas.
b. Areas of interest, activity or issue – Define the issue or idea in greater detail. Define the specific problem
or problems or new idea. Identify other underlining or related issues as well as dependencies. Explain what
impacts will result if not addresse ...
20161028161952psy_850.r.assignment_requirements (1).docx
Background Information
Clark and Springer (2007) conducted a qualitative study to examine the perceptions of faculty and students in a nursing program on incivility. Their key research questions were:
· How do nursing students and nurse faculty contribute to incivility in nursing education?
· What are some of the causes of incivility in nursing education?
· What remedies might be effective in preventing or reducing incivility?
They gathered responses from the Incivility in Nursing Education Survey (INE), which included both Likert-scale and open-ended questions from 36 nursing faculty and 168 nursing students. Each of the researchers reviewed all comments and organized them by themes.
For this you will design a “mock” replication of the Clark and Springer (2007) study on student and faculty perceptions of incivility in a university nursing program. However, the doctoral students will investigate student and faculty perceptions in undergraduate psychology classes in one university located in the northern United States.
You will use the Incivility in Higher Education (IHE) survey, developed by Clark (2007; 2011) for the purposes of this study. Questions on the survey measure faculty and student perceptions of uncivil actions (disruptive and threatening), how often those behaviors occur and strategies for improving civil behaviors in university settings. The IHE was adapted from the INE, with minor rewording, is similar in structure to the survey used by Clark and Springer, but is appropriate for any academic discipline within higher education (Wagner, 2014).
The IHE has three parts. Part 1 collects demographic information, such as major, gender, age, and years of teaching experience for faculty. Part 2 asks individuals to rank 16 different behaviors exhibited by students that both students and faculty may perceive as disruptive. Part 3 focuses on 20 faculty behaviors that may be perceived as disruptive. Both parts 2 and 3 also investigate how often the faculty has experienced the behavior in the past 12 months (often to never on Likert scale), and if the faculty members have experienced any of the 13 threatening behaviors (yes or no) by students or other faculty respectively. Five open-ended questions give the faculty member the opportunity to add contributing factors related to student and faculty incivility, and how students or faculty in particular contribute to incivility. A final question asked if the faculty member would like to add comments. The survey is designed in a manner that allows for gathering data from faculty and students or from only faculty or only students (C. Clark, personal communication, 2013 as cited in Wagner, 2014).
Week 2 Assignment: (Read the following article and construct a 10 key points document.)
Doctoral learners use the 10 Key Strategic Points document to outline the key components of a research study. For the assignment, you will use the original Cla ...
The company you MUST use is Capital OneImpacts of .docxrtodd643
***** The company you MUST use is Capital One
Impacts of Value Added,
outline the goals and indicators for measuring development progress for a nation in which your selected corporation does business. Which ones are most important? How do they relate to the business of your corporation? Is the corporation working with integrity in this environment? Research the value adds the corporation is creating for the community and itself. What are the community reactions? How does this affect the corporation's success? Cite at least two sources.
.
The company uses the periodic inventory system. A physical .docxrtodd643
The company uses the periodic inventory system. A physical count of inventory on December31 resulted in an inventory amount of $50,000.
Instructions
1. Prepare an income statement for the year ending December 31, 2019. Assume that twenty thousand shares of common stock were outstanding the entire year. (12 Marks)
a. using the Multi-Step form.
b. using the Single-Step form.
2. Prepare a retained earnings statement for the year ending December 31, 2019.
(4 Marks)
3. Prepare a Statement of Financial Position as at December 31, 2019. (12 Marks)
a. Report Form
b. Account Form
4. Calculate Earnings Per Share for the year ending December 31, 2019. (2 Marks)
----------END OF TASK-2----------
1
1
DebitsCredits
Sales- 1,533,600
Notes Receivable128,000 -
Investments (short Term)141,600 -
Accounts Payable- 81,600
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment- 49,600
Sales Discounts16,800 -
Sales Returns28,000 -
Purchase Discounts- 12,800
Cash304,000 -
Accounts Receivable206,400 -
Rent Revenue- 22,400
Retained Earnings- 384,000
Salaries Payable- 35,200
Notes Payable- 120,000
Common Stock, $15 par- 480,000
Income Tax Expense108,800 -
Cash Dividends Declared112,000 -
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts- 10,400
Supplies on Hand17,600 -
Freight-In25,600 -
Short term Investment80,000 -
Freight-out24,000 -
Sales commission339,200 -
Correction for understatement of prior period net income (inventory error)- 80,000
Other Operating Expenses (30% Selling, 70% Administrative)182,400 -
Land104,000 -
Provision for Bad and Doubtful Account- 54,400
Equipment208,000 -
Merchandise Inventory126,400 -
Building166,400 -
Purchases800,000 -
Dividend Income- 40,000
Loss on Sale of Investment20,800 -
Interest Revenue- 14,400
Interest Expense20,000 -
Bonds Payable- 160,000
Gain on Sale of Land- 39,200
Accumulated Depreciation—Building32,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Land- 10,400
Totals3,160,000 3,160,000
Smart Corporation
ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE
December 31, 2019
EDU734: Teaching and
Learning Environment
Name of teacher:
Date:
Ages: Number of c.
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Student Name Here
Date
EDU528
Dr. Sheri Burnett
Strayer University
Running head: TYPE ABBREVIATED TITLE HERE 1
Abstract
This is the abstract, which is typed in block format with no indentation. The abstract briefly summarizes your paper in 150-200 words. Through your abstract, your readers should be able to fully understand the content and the implications of the paper. Also, note that you cannot write this section until the paper is completed. REMOVE THIS SECTION UNLESS YOU ARE REQUIRED TO WRITE AN ABSTRACT.
The Topic Outline and Objectives
Do not add any extra spaces between the heading and the text (you may want to check Spacing under Format, Paragraph in your word processor, and make sure that it is set to “0”). Instead, just double space as usual, indent a full ½ inch (use the tab key), and start typing. The introduction should receive no specific heading because readers assume that the first section functions as your paper’s introduction. If you use headings, follow the instructions below. NOTE THAT NOT ALL ASSIGNMENTS REQUIRE HEADINGS.
Description
Summarize the subject that you would teach and the value of the subject for yourself and others.
Text will be the beginning of the body of the essay. Even though this section has a new heading, make sure to connect this section to the previous one so readers can follow along with the ideas and research presented. The first sentence in each paragraph should transition from the previous paragraph and summarize the main point in the paragraph. Make sure each paragraph contains only one topic, and when you see yourself drifting to another idea, make sure you break into a new paragraph. Also, avoid long paragraphs (more than three-fourths of a page) to help hold readers’ attention—many shorter paragraphs are better than a few long ones. In short, think: new idea, new paragraph.
Create a Topic Outline for the Subject of your Course
#1. Identify The Purpose Of The Paper.
#2. Identify Your Key Points.
#3. Add Supporting Details.
#4. Write Your Introduction.
#5. Write Your Conclusion.
Here is another Level 1 heading. Again, the topic sentence of this section should explain how this paragraph is related or a result of what you discussed in the previous section. Consider using transitions between sentences to help readers see the connections between ideas. Below are a few examples of how to transition from one statement to another:
1. Many music teachers at Olson Junior High are concerned about losing their jobs (J. Thompson, personal communication, July 3, 2004), largely due to the state’s recent financial cutbacks of fine arts programs (Pennsylvania Educational System, 2004).
2. Obesity affects as much as 17% of the total population of children, an increase which may lead to other chronic health problems (Johnson & Hammer, 2003; Christianson, 2004).
Write at least one over-arching objective (terminal objective ...
INTRODUCTIONModule 3 Week 6 The Purpose StatementIn thiTatianaMajor22
INTRODUCTION
Module 3 Week 6: The Purpose Statement
In this course, you have learned that a final problem statement normally takes many months to develop. Yet this week, you are asked to begin to develop the purpose statement. This is not because your problem statement is finalized but because it is time for you to evaluate and practice creating the rest of the common components of the doctoral capstone. This is part of the iterative process of preparing the capstone.
Remember, though, that the assignments in this course are unlikely to be final versions of your study. The intention is to help you to understand and prepare for what you will need to write in your capstone.
The purpose statement serves as the connection between the problem being addressed and the focus of the study. Depending on the methodology, in:
· Quantitative studies, state what needs to be studied by describing two or more factors (variables) and a conjectured relationship between (among) them related to the identified gap in practice or problem;
· Qualitative studies, describe the need for increased understanding about the issue to be studied (based on the identified gap or problem); and
· Mixed-methods studies (with both quantitative and qualitative aspects), clarify how the two approaches will be used together to inform the study.
Notes on Readings
This week’s readings continue to provide information on how to review the research literature. Apply this guidance to your ongoing efforts to read and take notes interactively in the research relevant to your problem. The media and other resources, this week, will help you to develop your understanding of the purpose statement.
The reading in the Single text, this week, can help you to fine tune your system for scholarly reading and note taking via the use of your citation management software.
This week, Thomas provides detailed instructions about how to interact with, and review, the research literature. These skills are critical in your work on your doctorate.
Learning Objectives
Students will:
· Apply technological tools to find, analyze, and evaluate existing research
· Analyze purpose statements
· Apply knowledge of APA references
· Apply knowledge of doctoral study
Assignment: The Purpose and Problem Statements
Stephen King, who has written more than 50 novels—and other books that have sold hundreds of millions of copies—also wrote about how he writes. In his book, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, King explains that his iterative approach to writing involves writing, putting it aside, writing something else, and then returning to the first draft.
While it is unlikely you will adopt Stephen King’s ritual for draft versions, recognize that “writing drafts” are an essential part of the process. This week’s writing assignment allows you to present an improved and refined problem statement and an aligned purpose statement.
To Prepare
For this revision of your purpose and problem statements, apply what you have learn ...
Chapter 1 IntroductionBackgroundIntroductionIn this section, .docxketurahhazelhurst
Chapter 1 Introduction
Background/Introduction
In this section, present enough information about the proposed work such that the reader understands the general context or setting. It is also helpful to include a summary of how the rest of this document is organized.
Problem Statement
In this section, present a concise statement of a research-worthy problem addressed (i.e., why the work should be undertaken – don’t say required for the class). Follow the statement of the problem with a well-supported discussion of its scope and nature. The discussion of the problem should include: what the problem is, why it is a problem, how the problem evolved or developed, and the issues and events leading to the problem.
Goal
Next, include a concise definition of the goal of the work (i.e., what the work will accomplish). Aim to define a goal that is measurable.
Research Questions
Research questions are developed to help guide the authors through the literature for a given problem area. What were the open-ended questions asked and why did the student find (or not find) them adequate.
Relevance and Significance
The student should consider the following questions as they read through an article stating how the author(s) supported, or left unsupported the evidence, relevance, and significance of their research literature:
Why is there a problem? What groups or individuals are affected?
How far-ranging is the problem and how great is its impact? What’s the benefit of solving the problem?
What has been tried without success to correct the situation? Why weren’t those attempts successful? What are the consequences of not solving the problem?
How does the goal of the study address the research problem and how will the proposed study offer promise as a resolution to the problem?
How will the research add to the knowledge base?
What is the potential for generalization of the results?
What is the potential for original work?
Barriers and Issues
In these paragraphs, identify how the problem is inherently difficult to solve. How did the solution the author(s) propose address the difficulties?
Chapter 2 Literature Review
In this section, it is important to clearly identify the major areas on which the student will need to focus the student research in order to build a solid foundation for the study in the existing body of knowledge. The literature review is the presentation of quality literature in a particular field that serves as the foundation and justification for the research problem, research questions or hypothesis, and methodology. The student will develop a more comprehensive review of the literature as part of the research.
Chapter 3 Approach/Methodology
This chapter includes a summary of how the student are going to proceed with the evaluation of the problem statement and associated research question(s). Given the short time of this course, a compare / contrast or advantage / disadvantage analysis is recommended that
Chapter 4: Findings, ...
THEORETICAL REVIEW Please read through these extensive assignmen.docxsusannr
THEORETICAL REVIEW
Please read through these extensive assignment instructions carefully.
If you allow yourself enough time on this assignment, you can work with an
online writing tutor
by going to this website
:
https://case.fiu.edu/writingcenter/make-an-appointment/index.html
OVERVIEW OF THE PAPER
In this
Gordon Rule Writing
course, you will complete
three writing assignments
that build on each other to facilitate your progress.
The goal of these writing assignments is for you to sharpen your research skills, apply communication theory to everyday life, and demonstrate college-level writing skills
.
SELECTION OF THE TOPIC
1. Select Section
From the sections of our course textbook on communication theories, you will choose
three sections
to base your three Theoretical Review papers on. For the Theoretical Review Paper_1, you will work with the first section of the course textbook --
The Self and Messages
. This section is assigned to you to get us started with the writing assignments, however, going forward in the course you will be able to choose the section you want to focus on for each Theoretical Review Paper. The sections you can choose from are below and they align with the sections of the course textbook.
The sections on communication theories are:
The Self and Messages (Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7)
Relationship Development (Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11)
Groups and Organizations (Chapters 14, 17)
Culture and Diversity (Chapters 27, 28)
Public and Media (Chapters 18, 21, 25, 26)
2. Select a Theory from each section
From each section, you will select a theory you will research and write about in your Theoretical Reveiw Paper. For the first Theoretical Review Paper you will select theory/theories from (1) The Self and Messages (Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7); choose one theory to research.
With that theory, you should research how the theory applies to some aspect of communication of interest to you.
For example, here are some topics
(sections of the text, theories, communication aspect)
that other students have previously chosen:
The Self and Messages
Symbolic Interactionism (theory), intrapersonal communication (communication context), and self-esteem among college students (situation or issue from everyday life).
Symbolic Interactionism (theory), intrapersonal communication (communication context), and its relationship to body-shaming (situation or issue from everyday life).
Coordinated Management of Meaning theory, intrapersonal communication (communication context), and its effects on the business environment (situation or issue from everyday life).
Cognitive Dissonance Theory, intrapersonal communication (communication context), and the effects on romantic relationships (situation or issue from everyday life)
Expectancy Violations Theory, intrapersonal communication, and employer/employee relationships (situation or issue from everyday life)
Relationship Development
Uncertainty Reduction Theory, interpersonal.
College of Doctoral StudiesBackground Inform.docxadkinspaige22
College of Doctoral Studies
Background Information
Clark and Springer (2007) conducted a qualitative study to examine the perceptions of faculty and students in a nursing program on incivility. Their key research questions were:
· How do nursing students and nurse faculty contribute to incivility in nursing education?
· What are some of the causes of incivility in nursing education?
· What remedies might be effective in preventing or reducing incivility?
They gathered responses from the Incivility in Nursing Education Survey (INE), which included both Likert-scale and open-ended questions from 36 nursing faculty and 168 nursing students. Each of the researchers reviewed all comments and organized them by themes.
For this PSY-850 class, you will design a “mock” replication of the Clark and Springer (2007) study on student and faculty perceptions of incivility in a university nursing program. However, the doctoral students will investigate student and faculty perceptions in undergraduate psychology classes in one university located in the northern United States.
You will use the Incivility in Higher Education (IHE) survey, developed by Clark (2007; 2011) for the purposes of this study. Questions on the survey measure faculty and student perceptions of uncivil actions (disruptive and threatening), how often those behaviors occur and strategies for improving civil behaviors in university settings. The IHE was adapted from the INE, with minor rewording, is similar in structure to the survey used by Clark and Springer, but is appropriate for any academic discipline within higher education (Wagner, 2014).
The IHE has three parts. Part 1 collects demographic information, such as major, gender, age, and years of teaching experience for faculty. Part 2 asks individuals to rank 16 different behaviors exhibited by students that both students and faculty may perceive as disruptive. Part 3 focuses on 20 faculty behaviors that may be perceived as disruptive. Both parts 2 and 3 also investigate how often the faculty has experienced the behavior in the past 12 months (often to never on Likert scale), and if the faculty members have experienced any of the 13 threatening behaviors (yes or no) by students or other faculty respectively. Five open-ended questions give the faculty member the opportunity to add contributing factors related to student and faculty incivility, and how students or faculty in particular contribute to incivility. A final question asked if the faculty member would like to add comments. The survey is designed in a manner that allows for gathering data from faculty and students or from only faculty or only students (C. Clark, personal communication, 2013 as cited in Wagner, 2014).
Week 2 Assignment: (Read the following article and construct a 10 key points document.)
GCU doctoral learners use the 10 Key Strategic Points document to outline the key components of a research study. For the Week 2 assignment, you will use the original Clark.
College of Doctoral StudiesBackground Inform.docxhallettfaustina
College of Doctoral Studies
Background Information
Clark and Springer (2007) conducted a qualitative study to examine the perceptions of faculty and students in a nursing program on incivility. Their key research questions were:
· How do nursing students and nurse faculty contribute to incivility in nursing education?
· What are some of the causes of incivility in nursing education?
· What remedies might be effective in preventing or reducing incivility?
They gathered responses from the Incivility in Nursing Education Survey (INE), which included both Likert-scale and open-ended questions from 36 nursing faculty and 168 nursing students. Each of the researchers reviewed all comments and organized them by themes.
For this PSY-850 class, you will design a “mock” replication of the Clark and Springer (2007) study on student and faculty perceptions of incivility in a university nursing program. However, the doctoral students will investigate student and faculty perceptions in undergraduate psychology classes in one university located in the northern United States.
You will use the Incivility in Higher Education (IHE) survey, developed by Clark (2007; 2011) for the purposes of this study. Questions on the survey measure faculty and student perceptions of uncivil actions (disruptive and threatening), how often those behaviors occur and strategies for improving civil behaviors in university settings. The IHE was adapted from the INE, with minor rewording, is similar in structure to the survey used by Clark and Springer, but is appropriate for any academic discipline within higher education (Wagner, 2014).
The IHE has three parts. Part 1 collects demographic information, such as major, gender, age, and years of teaching experience for faculty. Part 2 asks individuals to rank 16 different behaviors exhibited by students that both students and faculty may perceive as disruptive. Part 3 focuses on 20 faculty behaviors that may be perceived as disruptive. Both parts 2 and 3 also investigate how often the faculty has experienced the behavior in the past 12 months (often to never on Likert scale), and if the faculty members have experienced any of the 13 threatening behaviors (yes or no) by students or other faculty respectively. Five open-ended questions give the faculty member the opportunity to add contributing factors related to student and faculty incivility, and how students or faculty in particular contribute to incivility. A final question asked if the faculty member would like to add comments. The survey is designed in a manner that allows for gathering data from faculty and students or from only faculty or only students (C. Clark, personal communication, 2013 as cited in Wagner, 2014).
Week 2 Assignment: (Read the following article and construct a 10 key points document.)
GCU doctoral learners use the 10 Key Strategic Points document to outline the key components of a research study. For the Week 2 assignment, you will use the original Clark ...
NORMAN, ELTON_BUS7380-8-6 2
NORMAN, ELTON_BUS7380-8-6 1
Analyze Qualitative Data
BUS-7380 Assignment # 6
Elton Norman
Dr. Vicki Lindsay
9 November 2019
Greetings Elton,
Using the same research design that you selected for the Week 5 assignment, you were to take 2-4 pages and consider the type of data collected to create procedures for a comprehensive analysis. Clearly define your approach to: (a) organizing data; (b) coding and thematic development; (c) triangulation; and (d) using software applications.
***************
The feedback process consisted of a four-part summary (four-parts listed below), a few short, location-specific balloon-comments found within the margins of the text, and the highlighting of grammar, punctuation, or APA styling errors found within the text. Make sure that you view your document with the track changes (review toolbar) set to ALL MARKUP to be able to see all the comments.
The summary is split into four parts. These four parts consist of grammar/punctuation, conformity with APA style citations, conformity with APA style references, and content. The order of the parts listed does not intend to emphasize the importance of the parts as the content is always the most important part of the assignment. Therefore, it is listed in the end because normal memory concentrates on what was heard / read last.
What was found:
Grammar/ Punctuation
There were a few grammar or punctuation errors found within. There were problems in spelling, missing punctuation leading to run on sentences, missing punctuation leading to grammatical issues, and the agreement issues between words (i.e., subject/verb agreement and numerical plural numbers without plural noun). Make sure that you read your work prior to submission so that you will not have run on sentences within your work. Pay attention to the word “and” within your work.
APA style citations
The citations present were in APA format. You seem to be missing the additional 3 scholarly sources from your field that were required within this assignment.
APA style references
Not enough information was included within your references to make them correct APA references. You are missing page numbers, volume, issue number, and the digital object identifier for your journal article sources. Your book title should be in italics. The publisher should not. All of the titles should be in sentence case not in title case. This is not a problem with the software program. This is a problem with the keypunch issue. Your program cannot change lowercase letters into uppercase letters in vice versa. You must be it incorrectly for it to properly appear. Many have problems with this thought process. Do not leave it up to the software program to correct keypunch errors.
Content
The same problem that you had an assignment 5 appeared in assignment 6. You are not explaining how these research designs will fit with your research questions or problems statement as you move forward throug ...
Research Paper Using Word This assignment has two goals.docxaudeleypearl
Research Paper Using Word
This assignment has two goals: 1) have students, via research, increase their understanding of impacts of information
technology on current world issues, and 2) learn to correctly use the tools and techniques within Word to format a research
paper, including use of available References and citation tools. These skills will be valuable throughout a student’s
academic career.
The paper will require a title page, NO abstract, three to five full pages of content with incorporation of a minimum of 3
external resources from credible sources and a Works Cited/References page. Wikipedia and similar general information
sites, blogs or discussion groups are not considered creditable sources for a research project. No more than 10% of the
paper may be in the form of a direct citation from an external source. Choose your topic from the list of topics that follow
these organization steps.
Paper organization
Open Word and save a blank document with the following name:
“Student’s LastNameFirstInitial Research Paper”
The paper should be organized in the following way:
1. Title page:
a. Center in the middle of the page (horizontally and vertically) the title (subject) of the paper and below that
your name
2. Body of the paper:
a. Use 12-point Arial font
b. Set the margins at 1”
c. Length – 3-5 full pages, not counting the title page or the References page.
d. Include a minimum of 3 APA-formatted citations and related References page. Every reference must be cited
at least once, and every citation have an entry in the References list. If you are not familiar with APA format,
it is recommended that you use the References feature in Word for your citations and Reference List or refer
to the "Citing and Writing" option under the Resources/Library/Get Help area in the LEO classroom. It is
important to review the final format for APA-style correctness even if generated by Word.
e. Include at least two (2) informational footnotes. Footnotes are not used to list a reference! Footnotes contain
information about the topic to which the footnote has been attached.
f. Place the references on a separate page following the body of the paper. Note: Use a hard return (CTRL
Enter) after the end of your paper body and the start of the References page.
3. Organization of the content of the paper:
Include the following sections in the paper (include, in bold, the headings identified here):
a. Introduction - Identify the issue or idea. Explain why was the topic selected and what you are trying to
achieve (what is your end goal). The introduction should not be more than half a page; details will be
discussed in the follow-on areas.
b. Areas of interest, activity or issue – Define the issue or idea in greater detail. Define the specific problem
or problems or new idea. Identify other underlining or related issues as well as dependencies. Explain what
impacts will result if not addresse ...
20161028161952psy_850.r.assignment_requirements (1).docx
Background Information
Clark and Springer (2007) conducted a qualitative study to examine the perceptions of faculty and students in a nursing program on incivility. Their key research questions were:
· How do nursing students and nurse faculty contribute to incivility in nursing education?
· What are some of the causes of incivility in nursing education?
· What remedies might be effective in preventing or reducing incivility?
They gathered responses from the Incivility in Nursing Education Survey (INE), which included both Likert-scale and open-ended questions from 36 nursing faculty and 168 nursing students. Each of the researchers reviewed all comments and organized them by themes.
For this you will design a “mock” replication of the Clark and Springer (2007) study on student and faculty perceptions of incivility in a university nursing program. However, the doctoral students will investigate student and faculty perceptions in undergraduate psychology classes in one university located in the northern United States.
You will use the Incivility in Higher Education (IHE) survey, developed by Clark (2007; 2011) for the purposes of this study. Questions on the survey measure faculty and student perceptions of uncivil actions (disruptive and threatening), how often those behaviors occur and strategies for improving civil behaviors in university settings. The IHE was adapted from the INE, with minor rewording, is similar in structure to the survey used by Clark and Springer, but is appropriate for any academic discipline within higher education (Wagner, 2014).
The IHE has three parts. Part 1 collects demographic information, such as major, gender, age, and years of teaching experience for faculty. Part 2 asks individuals to rank 16 different behaviors exhibited by students that both students and faculty may perceive as disruptive. Part 3 focuses on 20 faculty behaviors that may be perceived as disruptive. Both parts 2 and 3 also investigate how often the faculty has experienced the behavior in the past 12 months (often to never on Likert scale), and if the faculty members have experienced any of the 13 threatening behaviors (yes or no) by students or other faculty respectively. Five open-ended questions give the faculty member the opportunity to add contributing factors related to student and faculty incivility, and how students or faculty in particular contribute to incivility. A final question asked if the faculty member would like to add comments. The survey is designed in a manner that allows for gathering data from faculty and students or from only faculty or only students (C. Clark, personal communication, 2013 as cited in Wagner, 2014).
Week 2 Assignment: (Read the following article and construct a 10 key points document.)
Doctoral learners use the 10 Key Strategic Points document to outline the key components of a research study. For the assignment, you will use the original Cla ...
Similar to The Comparison and Contrast Block Comparison Essay TemplateThe B.docx (20)
The company you MUST use is Capital OneImpacts of .docxrtodd643
***** The company you MUST use is Capital One
Impacts of Value Added,
outline the goals and indicators for measuring development progress for a nation in which your selected corporation does business. Which ones are most important? How do they relate to the business of your corporation? Is the corporation working with integrity in this environment? Research the value adds the corporation is creating for the community and itself. What are the community reactions? How does this affect the corporation's success? Cite at least two sources.
.
The company uses the periodic inventory system. A physical .docxrtodd643
The company uses the periodic inventory system. A physical count of inventory on December31 resulted in an inventory amount of $50,000.
Instructions
1. Prepare an income statement for the year ending December 31, 2019. Assume that twenty thousand shares of common stock were outstanding the entire year. (12 Marks)
a. using the Multi-Step form.
b. using the Single-Step form.
2. Prepare a retained earnings statement for the year ending December 31, 2019.
(4 Marks)
3. Prepare a Statement of Financial Position as at December 31, 2019. (12 Marks)
a. Report Form
b. Account Form
4. Calculate Earnings Per Share for the year ending December 31, 2019. (2 Marks)
----------END OF TASK-2----------
1
1
DebitsCredits
Sales- 1,533,600
Notes Receivable128,000 -
Investments (short Term)141,600 -
Accounts Payable- 81,600
Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment- 49,600
Sales Discounts16,800 -
Sales Returns28,000 -
Purchase Discounts- 12,800
Cash304,000 -
Accounts Receivable206,400 -
Rent Revenue- 22,400
Retained Earnings- 384,000
Salaries Payable- 35,200
Notes Payable- 120,000
Common Stock, $15 par- 480,000
Income Tax Expense108,800 -
Cash Dividends Declared112,000 -
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts- 10,400
Supplies on Hand17,600 -
Freight-In25,600 -
Short term Investment80,000 -
Freight-out24,000 -
Sales commission339,200 -
Correction for understatement of prior period net income (inventory error)- 80,000
Other Operating Expenses (30% Selling, 70% Administrative)182,400 -
Land104,000 -
Provision for Bad and Doubtful Account- 54,400
Equipment208,000 -
Merchandise Inventory126,400 -
Building166,400 -
Purchases800,000 -
Dividend Income- 40,000
Loss on Sale of Investment20,800 -
Interest Revenue- 14,400
Interest Expense20,000 -
Bonds Payable- 160,000
Gain on Sale of Land- 39,200
Accumulated Depreciation—Building32,000
Accumulated Depreciation—Land- 10,400
Totals3,160,000 3,160,000
Smart Corporation
ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE
December 31, 2019
EDU734: Teaching and
Learning Environment
Name of teacher:
Date:
Ages: Number of c.
The company that I decided to follow is Entercom Atlanta which a c.docxrtodd643
The company that I decided to follow is Entercom Atlanta which a company that owns several radio stations across the country. Each of their platforms serves a purpose, allowing them to better connect with listeners.
FACEBOOK: Facebook is the most used platform for this particular company based on the type of markets they are in. Facebook is used as a way to converse with their listeners. It used for not only station updates, but contests and videos as well. This week, they used to keep listeners engaged with their shows.
TWITTER: Twitter used to connect in the same sense. Entercom uses it to converse with listeners as well as give them a constant "play-by-play" of station news. This week, they use it to tweet constant station updates for each show.
YOUTUBE: While Entercom uses youtube, it isnt a successful way to market radio. Their youtube channels don't get nearly as much attention as they their other platforms, including Instagram. This week, YouTube has not been use, as it appears that do most of their postings on Instagram and Facebook.
BLOG: Their blogs are used to keep listeners update with what happened in previous shows as well as what is going in general. It is a way to talk to listeners to who prefer to read about their news, rather than listen to it. This week they used it post about the Super Bowl as well as station contests.
.
The company of choice is Take-Two InteractiveWrite a 1,050.docxrtodd643
The company of choice is Take-Two Interactive
Write
a 1,050-word paper in which you address the following:
Identify the major components of the strategic management process.
Discuss how these components work together to create value for the organization.
Evaluate the company's mission statement, vision statement, motivation strategy, innovation strategy, and people strategy. If the organization does not have one or more of these, how does that affect the organization and its people?
Explain the role of ethics and corporate social responsibility in strategic planning. How does this direct their strategy? How does the organization's vision and mission align with your own values and vision? If you are currently working for the organization, how does your role influence this and vice versa?
.
The Company to use is AppleCreate Microsoft® PowerPoint® .docxrtodd643
The Company to use is "Apple"
Create
Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation slides with speaker notes
Briefly discuss the various methodologies and techniques that can be used to promote your product (Apple) in the global market - specifically e-commerce and social media.
.
The company I work for is WILDLAWNSubmit a detailed plan fo.docxrtodd643
The company I work for is "WILDLAWN
Submit a
detailed
plan for your class project based on the attached marketing plan outline
The plan should include:
A restatement of your goals, strategies and tactics
Depending on the organization you are working with and it's particular objectives, develop a list of recommended tactics for each strategy to achieve a their specific goals.
In most cases you should include a specific Media
strategy
--- a plan with
tactics, date, content
What are key characteristics of their target audience?
What platform should they use.
What content kinds of content should they share? (Attach to submission)
What about ad campaigns. (the $10 from the 10-10-10)
.
The Company I choose is AlibabaThe topic I will cover is C.docxrtodd643
The Company I choose is Alibaba
The topic I will cover is
Chap 2 & 4,
Chap 7,
Chap 9,
Chap 12
1,000 – 1,200 words
Chap 2 & 4:
Explain the company's culture, ethical, and social responsibility initiatives, and describe their impact on managerial action.
Chap 7:
Describe the type of organizational structure and why you believe the organization has chosen this structure over the others.
Chap 9:
Discuss the increasing diversity of the workforce and the organizational strategy and/or environment.
Chap 12:
Explain the steps taken to motivate and retain organizational members.
.
THE COMPANY ETHICAL ISSUES Student’s Name John Blair.docxrtodd643
THE COMPANY ETHICAL ISSUES
Student’s Name: John Blair
Institution Affiliation: Rasmussen College
Date : September 16, 2018
INTRODUCTION
The consumer electronics industry is highly changing as various players strive to drive strategies such as presenting customers with cutting edge devices.
More so, there are more and more new entrants that are changing the manner in which traditional players are meeting the needs of the consumers through intensive research and innovative strategies.
Therefore, it is important the organization to value the need of the consumer in effort of maintain the customers and most important, attracting new consumers of the products and services of the organization by providing quality products and services.
However, ethical issues impact negatively the performance of the organization and therefore, addressing ethical issues is important for any business.
ETHICAL EXPECTATION OF THE EMPLOYEES
Employees obligation to aligned with the guidelines and the expectation of the organization.
Training and recruitment
Employee Responsibility
Justice and caring
The employees are the key people contributing to the success of the organization. Therefore, the employees should reflect the moral obligation of the organization by flowing the guideline, policy and the rules to achieve the objectives and the goals of the organization. more so, it is important for the employees to acquire the essential skills required to perform duties to ensure he/she provide quality services and products to the consumers. Employees should be responsible for his/ her duties as well reflecting the sense of caring and justices when providing services to the employees. For instance, the ethical issues which have been coming up are that of companies manufacturing devices with materials which are of low quality. It means that materials of low quality are being used to make the devices. Therefore, the purchases department should supervise the type of materials before ordering and approving them for developing electronics for the company.
3
ETHICAL …CONT.
Good moral conduct
Job completion
Honest
When employers perform certain checkups on employees, often completing regular evaluations and other job-performance checks, managers cannot keep all employees under watch at the same time. Therefore, the employees are expected to complete all the task and reflects trustworthy aspect to ensure the company find solution regarding the ethical issues affecting the company.
4
TRENDING ISSUES
Partnership with different organization
Globalization
Marketing through different platforms
In the consumer electronics industry, players are competing with each other to create cutting edge devices that are more appealing to the consumers. Due to this need, majority of the manufacturers have employed various strategies such as partnering with third party manufacturers in a bid to lower operational costs hence being able to present consumers with c.
The company being used is COCA COLA 10 pages not including cover.docxrtodd643
The company being used is COCA COLA
10 pages not including cover and reference.
APA Format
Submit the first Business Report of the Course Project: Company Description and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility)
Include the following:
1. Name of the Business
2. Mission Statement
3. Legal Ownership
4.Corporate Social Responsibility strategies
5. Code of Ethics
.
The community college’s career development center (CDC) was impres.docxrtodd643
The community college’s career development center (CDC) was impressed with your salary presentation. In your role as a compensation specialist and with your experience in Human Resources, they have now asked you to put together a presentation about benefits so that their students can understand what they need to look for in regards to benefits when they begin their job search. The CDC would like for you to discuss:
• the major components of a benefits program,
• what options students might see in various benefits programs, and
• what may be important to them from a short-term perspective and a long-term perspective.
You should use PowerPoint to create your slide presentation. Your presentation should be at least 12 slides (not including title and reference slide), and use at least one additional source other than your textbook
Chapter 17
Course Textbook
Henderson, R. I. (2006).
Compensation management in a knowledge-based world
(10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
.
The Community as a StakeholderI The Business-Community R.docxrtodd643
The Community as a Stakeholder
I The Business-Community Relationship
II Philanthropy & Corporate Community Development
III Building Local Living Economies
Is this a community? Why or why not?
Is this a community? Why or why not?
How does this contribute to community?
Or this?
How does this contribute to community?
Or this?
How does this contribute to community?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aq33c6FhRes
What kind of community is this?
What kind of community is this?
Is this a space that builds community?
The firm and its communities…
Site community: geographical location of a company’s offices, operations, or assets
Fenceline community: immediate neighbors receiving the positive and negative effects of company’s activities
Impact community: anyone affected by externalities from the firm
Cyber community: anyone that uses the internet to learn about or communicate with the company
Community of interest: stakeholders with a real interest in the company
Community of practice: those who engage in similar activities or practices
Employee community: those who work or live near the facility
http://www.phila.gov/phils/Docs/otherinfo/pname1.htm
What Community wants from BusinessSupport for art & cultural activitiesSupport for traffic managementParticipation in urban planning and community developmentSupport of local health care programsSupport of schoolsUnited Way Campaign supportAssistance for the less advantagedSupport for pollution control http://www.epa.gov/epahome/commsearch.htmParticipation in emergency planningSupport of local recycling programs
http://www.volunteermatch.org/
What Business wants from CommunityEducation and cultural resources that appeal to employeesFamily recreation facilitiesPublic services – police & fire protection; sewer, water, & electric servicesTaxes that are equitable and do not discourage business operationsBusiness participation in community lifeAdequate transportation systemsPublic officials who operate honestly and with integrity
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2017-03-13/quicktake-pros-and-cons-of-the-fracking-boom
https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=Vr6b-WzIcyo
http://vimeo.com/44367635
Sunoco’s Marcus Hook Facility
http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/minres/oilgas/2011PermitDrilledmaps.htm
5
Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Oil and Gas Management Marcellus Shale Formation
The Issues
Mariner 1 project reuses existing pipes
Much of the pipe dates from 1932 – 82 years old
Pressure to increase pressure from 800 to approximately 1,500 psi
18 new pump stations and 17 valve control stations
Scheduled for use for middle of 2015 for 70,00 barrels/day pure propane
No financial benefit to impacted communities, as 90% committed to shippers
Mariner 2 announced and has committed shippers
Official filings with the DEP as of April 2015
Increased demands for infrastructure buildup in the southeastern PA region
Scheduled to carry 275,.
The comments Good start ! Id loke to know more on the point you.docxrtodd643
The comments
Good start ! I'd loke to know more on the point you brought up. what kind of things have American school better? what let them apart ? what kind of things can you bring good to Kuwait when you graduate? what,specialieaty have you encountered in America that you had to deal with and how did you ? what advantages will this give you ?
add more details to the paragraphs answering these quistions . it has to be four pages
.
The color of an artwork can effect my feelings or moods by the war.docxrtodd643
The color of an artwork can effect my feelings or moods by the warmth or coolness of the colors and the lightness or darkness of the tones of colors. For example, art that includes dark tones of red, orange and yellow can remind someone of burning flames and could cause someone to feel uneasy or even anxious. If this color scheme were brighter toned, it may remind someone of the fall season and it could cause excitement and joy. Artwork with darker tones of green, blue and purple could remind someone of a rainstorm and cause them to feel depressed, whereas a work with lighter tones of this color scheme could remind someone of calming ocean waves and make them feel at peace. I would personally use color and composition in art to provoke a calming response because I tend to enjoy artwork that makes me feel calm and peaceful. I would use bright tones of cool colors along with white, cream colors, and even some light gray shades to evoke a laid-back feeling to the piece. I would also not use any sharp edged shapes and lines and i would use a more rounded technique to whatever type of art I would create in order to make the piece easy to look at and in turn make the viewer feel at ease.
This piece of artwork I have included is one of the canvas prints I have hanging up in my room. I don't know who it was created by since it was just something I bought from a popular store a long time ago, but it is one of my favorite pieces ever and if I had the means (or the talent) to create something like this, I would! I would make something like this because it has bright tones of cool colors like blue and purple and bits of bright pink and white, which are colors that bring me peace and make me think of things like ocean waves over a surfer. I like that it makes me imagine the surfer instead of a surfer being included in the work. I would also create this sort of piece because there are minimal harsh or pointed lines and shapes in it, and it flows effortlessly from one end of the canvas to the other.
ANCESTOR SCAVENGER HUNT
OVERVIEW
World History is an incredibly broad subject and we will just scratch the surface of some key historical events, figures, religions, and ideas; however, each of us has ancestors from around the world and this assignment focuses on our relationship to them and our past.
This assignment is designed for you to practice research on the web and locate Primary and Secondary Sources. Additionally we are developing several course competencies including acquiring information, breaking multiple sources down into parts, use of library resources, recognizing secondary sources and locating primary sources.
Be sure you understand the difference between Primary Sources and Secondary Sources when researching history by visiting the resources page and visiting websites that describe the difference, such as this LibGuide from American University.
INSTRUCTIONS
Step I: Select the culture of one of your earliest known ancestors. (For example, are.
THE COMETW.E.B. DuBoisHe stood a moment on the steps of .docxrtodd643
THE COMET
W.E.B. DuBois
He stood a moment on the steps of the bank, watching the human river that swirled down
Broadway. Few noticed him. Few ever noticed him save in a way that stung. He was outside the
world—"nothing!" as he said bitterly. Bits of the words of the walkers came to him.
"The comet?"
"The comet——"
Everybody was talking of it. Even the president, as he entered, smiled patronizingly at him, and
asked:
"Well, Jim, are you scared?"
"No," said the messenger shortly.
"I thought we'd journeyed through the comet's tail once," broke in the junior clerk affably.
"Oh, that was Halley's," said the president; "this is a new comet, quite a stranger, they say—
wonderful, wonderful! I saw it last night. Oh, by the way, Jim," turning again to the messenger, "I
want you to go down into the lower vaults today."
The messenger followed the president silently. Of course, they wanted him to go down to the
lower vaults. It was too dangerous for more valuable men. He smiled grimly and listened.
"Everything of value has been moved out since the water began to seep in," said the president;
"but we miss two volumes of old records. Suppose you nose around down there,—it isn't very
pleasant, I suppose."
"Not very," said the messenger, as he walked out.
"Well, Jim, the tail of the new comet hits us at noon this time," said the vault clerk, as he passed
over the keys; but the messenger passed silently down the stairs. Down he went beneath
Broadway, where the dim light filtered through the feet of hurrying men; down to the dark
basement beneath; down into the blackness and silence beneath that lowest cavern. Here with
his dark lantern he groped in the bowels of the earth, under the world.
He drew a long breath as he threw back the last great iron door and stepped into the fetid slime
within. Here at last was peace, and he groped moodily forward. A great rat leaped past him and
cobwebs crept across his face. He felt carefully around the room, shelf by shelf, on the muddied
floor, and in crevice and corner. Nothing. Then he went back to the far end, where somehow the
wall felt different. He sounded and pushed and pried. Nothing. He started away. Then something
brought him back. He was sounding and working again when suddenly the whole black wall
swung as on mighty hinges, and blackness yawned beyond. He peered in; it was evidently a
secret vault—some hiding place of the old bank unknown in newer times. He entered
hesitatingly. It was a long, narrow room with shelves, and at the far end, an old iron chest. On a
high shelf lay the two missing volumes of records, and others. He put them carefully aside and
stepped to the chest. It was old, strong, and rusty. He looked at the vast and old-fashioned lock
and flashed his light on the hinges. They were deeply incrusted with rust. Looking about, he
found a bit of iron and began to pry. The rust had eaten a hundred years, and it had gone deep.
Slowly, wearily, the old lid lifted, .
The Columbian Exchange.1. Select3items or elements.docxrtodd643
'The Columbian Exchange'
.
1. Select
3
items or elements
of the exchange in the Columbian Exchange that you think had the greatest impacts on the Old and New Worlds and history going forward. Explain in detail how and why?
2.
Decisions for slavery
:
Why did the colonists make the decisions that led to race based chattel slavery rather than adopting other forms of labor like wage based work or continuing to use indentured servants? What were the steps creating the legal framework? What factors went into these decisions?
Do you think slavery was inevitable under the circumstances or could things have gone differently?
3.
Research
a big
London slave trader, Humphrey
Morice,
at the link below or listed in the assignment folder.
Describe
his business operation in detail
. What is your reaction to his story? How do you explain his participation and that of those like him in this trade? What kind of a man was he?
http://www.ampltd.co.uk/collections_az/slavemorice/editorial-introduction.aspx
4. Search
the article from the
William and Mary Quarterly
to learn about the operation and economics of the British slave trade, which supported the American colonies. Use highlights from the article to describe the
many economic interests and persons involved
in the slave trade in England and the colonies. Prepare 2 paragraphs discussing the various
interests
involved in the operation of the slave trade and
what role
they played and how they profited.
Think outside the box to
include everyone
who was in some way connected with the trade and slavery itself or who benefited, even those who never saw a slave, not just traders and owners.
In light of all this, can you make a case that nearly every American's hands were in some way, directly or indirectly, sullied by slavery?
.
The Collision of Cultures, England’s Colonies, Colonial Ways of .docxrtodd643
The Collision of Cultures, England’s Colonies, Colonial Ways of Life, From Colonies to States, the American Revolution
Name:
Score:
Answer
three
of the following questions:
Describe the development of Spanish rule over its territory in America
In what ways the phrase “collision of cultures an accurate assessment of the early relationship between the Old and New Worlds?
By the early 18th century, the British had outstripped both the French and Spanish in the New World by becoming the most populous, prosperous, and powerful. Explain how this happened.
Georgia’s colonial beginnings are remarkably different than those of other colonies. Discuss how Spain’s presence in Florida affected the southern colonies
Describe the background, major events, and results of the French and Indian War. In what ways did the French and Indian War pave the way for the American Revolution?
Describe the details of both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans as they were presented at the Constitutional Convention.
.
The color of a defendant and victims skin plays a crucial and unacc.docxrtodd643
The color of a defendant and victim's skin plays a crucial and unacceptable role in who receives the death penalty in America. In America people of color have accounted for a disproportionate 43 % of total executions since 1976 and 55 % of those currently awaiting execution. In 2014, 42% of people on death row in the United States were black
.
The Colonial Context of Filipino American Immigrants’ Psycholo.docxrtodd643
The Colonial Context of Filipino American Immigrants’ Psychological
Experiences
E. J. R. David
University of Alaska Anchorage
Kevin L. Nadal
John Jay College of Criminal Justice – City University of
New York
Because of the long colonial history of Filipinos and the highly Americanized climate of postco-
lonial Philippines, many scholars from various disciplines have speculated that colonialism and its
legacies may play major roles in Filipino emigration to the United States. However, there are no
known empirical studies in psychology that specifically investigate whether colonialism and its
effects have influenced the psychological experiences of Filipino American immigrants prior to their
arrival in the United States. Further, there is no existing empirical study that specifically investigates
the extent to which colonialism and its legacies continue to influence Filipino American immigrants’
mental health. Thus, using interviews (N ! 6) and surveys (N ! 219) with Filipino American
immigrants, two studies found that colonialism and its consequences are important factors to
consider when conceptualizing the psychological experiences of Filipino American immigrants.
Specifically, the findings suggest that (a) Filipino American immigrants experienced ethnic and
cultural denigration in the Philippines prior to their U.S. arrival, (b) ethnic and cultural denigration
in the Philippines and in the United States may lead to the development of colonial mentality (CM),
and (c) that CM may have negative mental health consequences among Filipino American immi-
grants. The two studies’ findings suggest that the Filipino American immigration experience cannot
be completely captured by the voluntary immigrant narrative, as they provide empirical support to
the notion that the Filipino American immigration experience needs to be understood in the context
of colonialism and its most insidious psychological legacy— CM.
Keywords: Filipino Americans, immigrants, colonial mentality, internalized oppression, mental health
Filipinos have one of the longest histories of immigration to the
United States, dating back to 1587 when Filipino slaves aboard
Spanish galleon ships landed in what is now known as Morro Bay,
California—making Filipinos the first Asians on U.S. soil (Cor-
dova, 1983). The first Asian settlement in the United States was
also established by Filipino immigrants— escapees from Spanish
galleon ships—in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1763 (Espina, 1988).
These early settlements were very small, however, and thus they
do not account for the large numbers of Filipinos in the country
today. Indeed, the 2010 Census reported that there are currently 3.4
million Filipinos in the United States, 1.7 million of whom are
foreign born, making them the third largest American immigrant
group next to Mexicans and Chinese (Hoeffel, Rastogi, Kim, &
Shahid, 2012).
The more recent (beginning circa early 1900s) influx of
Filipino immigrants into the United States ca.
The collection of evidence is an activity that occurs with an endgam.docxrtodd643
The collection of evidence is an activity that occurs with an endgame in mind. For example, law enforcement professionals collect evidence to support a decision to charge those accused of criminal activity. Similarly, evidence-based healthcare practitioners collect evidence to support decisions in pursuit of specific healthcare outcomes.
In this Assignment, you will identify an issue or opportunity for change within your healthcare organization and propose an idea for a change in practice supported by an EBP approach.
To Prepare:
Reflect on the four peer-reviewed articles you critically appraised in Module 4.
Reflect on your current healthcare organization and think about potential opportunities for evidence-based change.
The Assignment:
(Evidence-Based Project)
Part 5: Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
Create an 8- to 9-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:
Briefly describe your healthcare organization, including its culture and readiness for change. (You may opt to keep various elements of this anonymous, such as your company name.)Chicago Lakeshore Hospital
Describe the current problem or opportunity for change. Include in this description the circumstances surrounding the need for change, the scope of the issue, the stakeholders involved, and the risks associated with change implementation in general.
Propose an evidence-based idea for a change in practice using an EBP approach to decision making. Note that you may find further research needs to be conducted if sufficient evidence is not discovered.
Describe your plan for knowledge transfer of this change, including knowledge creation, dissemination, and organizational adoption and implementation.
Describe the measurable outcomes you hope to achieve with the implementation of this evidence-based change.
Be sure to provide APA citations of the supporting evidence-based peer reviewed articles you selected to support your thinking.
Add a lessons learned section that includes the following:
A summary of the critical appraisal of the peer-reviewed articles you previously submitted
An explanation about what you learned from completing the evaluation table (1 slide)
An explanation about what you learned from completing the levels of evidence table (1 slide)
An explanation about what you learned from completing the outcomes synthesis table (1 slide)
Rurbic:
Part 5: Recommending an Evidence-Based Practice Change
Create an 8- to 9-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:
· Briefly describe your healthcare organization, including its culture and readiness for change.
· Describe the current problem or opportunity for change. Include in this description the circumstances surrounding the need for change, the scope of the issue, the stakeholders involved, and the risks associated with change implementation in general.--Levels of Achievement:Excellent 18 (18%) - 20 (20%)
The prese.
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The collection of usability data from consumers can come from a variety of format methods (i.e., a Website, text message, door-to-door, phone call, etc.). NVivo and Atlas are two (2) well-known data analysis tools described in the textbook. Determine which tool you prefer over the other and explain why.
There are key steps involved in product development before the design process can proceed. Explain the purpose of having user involvement and product goals before requirements can be established. Suggest the degree to which most users should be involved.
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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The Comparison and Contrast Block Comparison Essay TemplateThe B.docx
1. The Comparison and Contrast Block Comparison Essay
Template
The BLOCK COMPARISON ORGANIZATIONstyleof a
comparison/contrast essay has been formatted for you below. In
this type of essay, you discuss three points about Topic A
(person, place, thing) in your first body paragraph. Then you
discuss the same three points about Topic B (person, place or
concept) in Body Paragraph #2. Determine your paragraph order
depending on the point you wish to make at the end of your
essay.
This format is ideal for comparing or contrasting several of the
same points about two persons, places or concepts. This format
will enable you to draw a clear distinction between the two and
make an insightful comment about what you perceive are their
similarities and differences. Remember to use the same
discussion points concerning Topic A with Topic B.
Not required, but a “Hook” -
Can capture the reader’s imagination and motivate him or her to
read further. It is usually the first sentence in your introductory
paragraph.
Hook:
The Introductory Paragraph
This introductory paragraph should include points that stay on
message and develop your thesis/core idea. The strategies
generally used in an introductory paragraph are general ideas to
specific ones (General to Specific) which funnel down to your
thesis statement. These general to specific ideas are usually
draw from the content of your essay. You are essentially giving
us a preview of what is to come. Also, you may use historical
material (Facts, Historical or Research data) to reinforce your
thesis statement and the merit of this essay. The final method
for fashioning an introductory paragraph is a personal anecdote,
2. either your own or someone else’s.
Each of the above techniques has to set up your thesis statement
and motivate readers to venture on to determine the point of the
essay.
Introductory Paragraph
Thesis statement or core idea.
What is the point of this essay? Your thesis statement has to
hone in on the point (core idea) you are trying to make in this
essay. This is the last sentence in your introductory paragraph.
Thesis Statement:
Body Paragraph #1:
Topic Sentence #1
This should allude to your thesis sentence or core idea in some
way. This is the first sentence in Body Paragraph #1
Topic Sentence #1:
Body Paragraph #1 (Three or more discussion points about
Topic A)
This paragraph should stay on message and clearly develop the
three or more points you wish to develop as part of your
thesis/core idea.
First Body Paragraph:
Item of Comparison/Contrast #1:
Item of Comparison/contrast #2
3. Item of Comparison/Contrast #3
A brief summation of Body Paragraph #1 that helps transition
into Body Paragraph #2. This is the last sentence in Body
Paragraph #1.
Brief Summation of Body Paragraph #1:
Body Paragraph #2
Topic Sentence #2
This paragraph should allude to your thesis sentence or core
idea in some way. This is the first sentence in Body Paragraph
#2.
Topic sentence #2:
Body Paragraph #2 (The same three or more Discussion Points
about Topic A are now discussed in paragraph #2 about Topic
B.)
This paragraph should stay on message and clearly develop the
same three or more points you wish to develop as part of your
thesis/core idea.
Second Body Paragraph:
Item of Comparison/Contrast #1:
Item of Comparison/Contrast #2:
Item of Comparison/Contrast #3:
4. A brief summation of the second body paragraph and transition
into your conclusion. This is the last sentence in Body
Paragraph #2.
Brief Summation:
The Summary and first or third person commentary
Summaries traditionally use a restatement of the thesis
statement or summary (inclusion of topic sentences to
summarize the points you discussed). Both of these techniques
should be followed by an opinion (person is optional) which can
be logically drawn.
Your comparison/contrast essay is now ready for its final point
(There are far more similarities or differences between points A
and B or vice versa; therefore, I have reached this conclusion
and offer this opinion or sage advice).
Conclusion:
Note: Life can be significantly enhanced by making these kinds
of comparative analyses every day, not just in academic writing.
1
5. Learning Analytics or Educational Data Mining? This is the
Question...
Daniela Marcu
Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava
Str. Universității 13, Suceava 720229
Phone: 0230 216 147
[email protected]
Mirela Danubianu
Ștefan cel Mare University of Suceava
Str. Universității 13, Suceava 720229
Phone: 0230 216 147
[email protected]
Abstract
In full expansion, a vital area such as education could not
remain indifferent to the use of
information and communication technology. Over the past two
decades we have witnessed the
emergence and development of e-learning systems, the
proliferation of MOOCs, and generally the
rise of Technology Enhanced Education. All of these
contributed to generation and storage of
unprecedented volumes of data concerning all areas of learning.
At the same time, domains such as data mining and big data
analytics have emerged and
developed. Their applications in education have spawned new
areas of research such as educational
data mining or learning analytics.
6. As an interdisciplinary research area Educational Data Mining
(EDM) aims to explore data
from educational environment to build models based on which
students' behavior and results are
better understood. In fact, EDM is a complex process that
consists of a few steps grouped in three
stages: data preprocessing, modelling and postprocessing. It
transforms raw data from educational
environments in useful information that could influence in a
positive way the educational process.
According to Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR)
which took over the
wording of the first International Conference on Learning
Analytics and Knowledge, learning
analytics is ”the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting
of data about learners and their
contexts for purposes of understanding and optimizing learning
and the environments in which it
occurs” (Siemens, 2011).
This paper proposes a comparative study of the two concepts:
EDM and learning analytics.
Due to certain voices in the scientific environment that claim
that the two terms refer to the
same thing, we want to emphasize the similarities and
differences between them, and how each one
can serve to raise the quality in educational processes.
Keywords : EDM; LA; Data Mining; Education.
1. Introduction
7. The educational community has an interest in the great potential
of education. Why are
researchers so enthusiastic about this? The answer is simple.
Seeing the impact of applying data
mining to exploiting large data volumes and analyzing data
from areas such as the business
environment, social media, and other scientific areas, we can
think of the benefits for the education
system. If we could adapt the methods of finding models in the
data, used for analyzing the online
activity of clients and social media users for the educational
environment, we could get closer
evidence of reality on the activities of the training system.
The widespread use of computer-based pre-university learning,
the development of Web-
based courses, are additional reasons for EDM and LA research.
Designing educational policies based on practical evidence
provided by researchers can
bring benefits to the educational system.
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Neuroscience
Volume 10, Special Issue 2 (October, 2019), ISSN 2067-3957
2
The exploitation of large volumes of data from different
domains is done using specific
techniques and methods. It helps to develop tools to facilitate
progress in these areas.
8. The science of extracting useful information from large volumes
of data is called Data
Mining (DM) (Hand, Mannila & Smyth, 2001).
The concept is based on three key areas: statistics, artificial
intelligence and machine
learning (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Data Mining
Initially, DM used statistical algorithms. Specific techniques
such as decision trees,
association rules, clustering, artificial neural networks, and
others have been developed (Șușnea,
2012).
Applying exploitation methods for educational system data to
build models to better
understand students' behavior and outcomes is named
Educational Data Mining (EDM). Since data
and education issues are different from those in other areas,
classical DM methods have been
improved and supplemented with EDM specific methods
(Romero & Ventura, 2007). According to
some authors, there are four areas of application of EDM aimed
at: improving student modeling and
domain modeling, e-learning and scientific research (Baker,
2012).
In order to better understand learning, data from pupils and
from the educational
environment is measured, collected and analyzed. This is the
learning analysis and is a related field
9. of EDM. Among the Learning Analytics (LA) methods we can
list:
Buckingham Shum, 2012).
In the following sections we propose to detail relevant aspects
about EDM and LA in order
to provide viable arguments in a comparative study of the two
concepts.
2. Educational Data Mining
Over the past 10 years, the field of research aimed to exploit the
unique types of data from
education has developed quite internationally. In 2011, in
Massachusetts USA, the International
EDM Working Group (established in 2007) created the
International Society for EDM (online:
http://educationaldatamining.org/about/). Romania is, however,
at a pioneering stage in EDM.
There is currently a growing interest in using computers in
learning and Web-based training. With
the rapid increase in the volume of learning software resources,
the Romanian educational system
also accumulates huge amounts of data from students, teachers,
parents, libraries, secretariats, etc.
Getting the information needed to build models to improve the
quality of managerial decisions
becomes one of the greatest challenges of the present.
Traditional research in the field of education is time-consuming
and often non-ecological
10. through the waste of material resources. Developing an
experimental study, such as combating
school absenteeism, involves firstly the selection of schools,
teachers and pupils. It follows the
definition of strategies that lead to the identification of sources
of school stress, increasing the
D. Marcu, M. Danubianu - Learning Analytics or Educational
Data Mining? This is the Question...
3
motivation of students to attend classes, trust in school, family,
and so on. However, the studies
depend on context, class, geography, economic development,
teacher-student relationships.
Changing any parameter can lead to very different conclusions.
Soon there may be new factors that
could not be taken into consideration earlier in the demotivation
of students towards school. Making
traditional new studies for this topic involves the use of
important temporal resources.
By comparison, EDM proves to be more efficient. The analysis
of existing data in the
educational system through the use of specific EDM methods
allows the identification of new
models for new contexts. An enormous advantage is that the
same methods can be applied to
different data generating specific results without the need for
new analysis strategies.
More specifically, let's take the example of a course designed
for web-based training
11. (Romero, Ventura, De Bra, 2004). Traditionally, evaluating the
effectiveness of a course is done by
analyzing the results obtained by the student upon completion
of the course, which does not
necessarily lead to the improvement of the material or methods
and teaching tools used for the
future course versions. In fact, in the Romanian pre-university
system, the updating of educational
programs and educational resources does not present the
periodicity expected by the society.
What would it be like the knowledge of EDM data exploitation?
EDM methods aim at
discovering correlation rules between course components
(content, questions, various activities) and
student activities. In the Knowledge Discovery with Genetic
Programming for providing feedback
to the courseware author, C. Romero, S. Ventura and P. Bra
describe the four main steps in
building a software based on EDM (Romero, Ventura, De Bra,
2004): development, use,
discovering knowledge, improving
Other classification has three stages: preprocessing, data
exploitation and post processing
[3]. The cycle of these steps is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Stages of the process of converting data into
information
If we refer again to the analysis of the efficiency of a course, in
the first stage, the
preprocessing is performed various operations such as:
12. pedagogical and methodological
aspects
ent uses the course
time spent in the course, the
sections visited, the scores obtained and other interactions
appropriate for processing.
In the next step, EDM-specific algorithms are applied to obtain
different correlation rules.
The models will provide information in different formats for
analysis: numerical results of the
coefficients, tables, diagrams, correlation matrices (an example
is illustrated in Appendix 1 -
Correlation matrix obtained with the DataLab application based
on the results of the Olympiad of
computer science).
One of the most important rules for discovering knowledge is
if-else. Several such rules can
be defined in EDM: Association, Classification and Prediction
(Klosgen & Zytkow, 2002).
BRAIN – Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and
Neuroscience
Volume 10, Special Issue 2 (October, 2019), ISSN 2067-3957
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13. The teacher will analyze the results of the analyzes and study
the degree of achievement of
the initial goals.
Depending on the conclusions, it may take the decision to
improve the course and resume its
evaluation process. This may prove to be a difficult process
because opinions can differ
significantly from one teacher to another in relation to the
material and the way of interaction with
the student the course offers.
3. Methods of data exploitation
There are currently a wide variety of methods of exploiting data
in the education system.
These can be categorized into two broad categories according to
the ways to achieve the objectives:
Detecting
,
Discovery of data for human
judgment (Sasu, 2014).
Many of these are general DM methods: prediction,
classification, grouping, exploitation of
texts and others. But there are also specific EDM methods such
as nonnegative matrix factorization
and Knowledge tracing (KT) (Romero & Ventura, 2012). Here
are some of these:
Prediction
The method can be used in education to predict students'
14. behavior and outcomes. It is based
on the creation of predictive models. In the training phase, they
learn to make predictions about a
set of variables called predictors by analyzing them in
combination with other variables. Once the
enrollment phase is completed, the patterns can be applied to
the data sets for which the prediction
is to be applied. It is known the study by Baker, Gowda, Corbett
- Automatically detecting the
student's preparation for future learning: help use is key (Baker,
Gowda & Corbett, 2011). The
authors create a tool for automatically predicting a student's
future performance on the basis of
establishing positive or negative correlations between various
features such as: student test results,
time spent in response, time elapsed between receiving a clue
and typing the answer, and others. It
is experienced on a group of students, and then applied to
another group. The results are then
compared to those obtained using the Bayesian Knowledge
Tracing (BKT) model.
Classification
The method involves building a predictive model. The data in
the training set is
characterized by certain attributes. The model must identify
belonging to a class based on the set of
attributes. Suppose we built an educational software as an
interactive game for a given theme.
Based on user attributes such as age, gender, geographic area,
duration until the game is completed,
number of attempts we can build a classifier, and determine the
user's belonging to a specific class.
15. The model will learn to identify students. The analyzes can
provide information on the need to use
this educational method for certain age groups, interests and
education.
Methods that use the classification are: decision trees, neural
networks, bayesian
classifications, and others.
Clustering
The method involves building patterns that identify data
clustering after certain similarities.
For the model to provide quality predictions, the similarities
inside class must be maximized and
similarities between classes minimized.
The use of this method in Romanian high school education
could aim at grouping pupils
according to the pupil's learning style (auditory, visual,
practical - kinesthesis) based on the analysis
of behavior in relation to certain educational products and
pupils' characteristics. The prediction of
such a model could lead to an effective recommendation of how
to learn educational content. Thus,
the instructional process could be carried out efficiently in
relation to the learning particularities of
each student. At present, there is an attempt to unfold the
lessons in a way appropriate to the
D. Marcu, M. Danubianu - Learning Analytics or Educational
Data Mining? This is the Question...
16. 5
students' learning styles, but the reality is that identifying
learning styles is superficial. The results
of the questionnaires are attached to the class catalog, but this
does not lead, in most cases, to the
improve teaching methods and techniques used in the lesson. In
the absence of clear alternatives,
the teacher has to improvise.
The method is successfully used in the detection of plagiarism
(Text Mining) and is also
applied in the educational sphere.
Outlier Detection
The method involves creating patterns that detect data that have
different features than
others. In Romanian education, this method could be used to
detect students with content
assimilation problems, or those with aberrant behavior.
In general, not only one EDM method is used in case studies.
Outlier Detection methods can
be used, for example, with data clustering techniques and
decision tree classification as presented in
the study by Ajith, Sai and Tejaswi (2013) - Evaluation of
student performance: an outlier detection
perspective (Ajith, Sai & Tejaswi, 2013). The study aims to
identify learners with special learning
needs to reduce the school failure rate. Input data are collected
from: participation in student
lessons, tests, notes on initial tests. In order to achieve the
proposed objective, they try to find
models for classifying students who will be helpful in setting up
17. study groups.
At present, in Romania, students in the high school education of
state do not have the
opportunity to trace the course matter in other groups than the
classes they belong to. Moreover,
pupils diagnosed as having special educational needs participate
in classes with other colleagues.
The teachers create for them specially programs. Then the
courses are held by under the guidance of
a single teacher who does not have any pedagogical and
methodical experience related to the
learning situation! There are special requirements for
conducting the educational process. This
based on grouping students within the same educational space
within the same timeframe to go
through different course materials. In the absence of a proper
classification, alternative methods and
means, and teachers with such experience, things happen more
or less in a manner that leads to the
best results.
Discovery with Models
Discovery with Models is the fifth category presented in Baker's
Taxonomy (Baker, 2012).
It is also one of the most widely used methods of data
exploitation in the field of education. It is
based on the use of a previously validated model as a
component in analyzes that use prediction or
exploitation of relationships in new contexts (Baker & Yacef,
2009). In this way information on
educational materials that contribute most to educational
progress can be obtained. A study carried
out by Beck and Mostow in 2008 - How who should practice:
18. Using learning decomposition to
evaluate the efficacy of different types of practice for different
types of students (Beck & Mostow,
2008) - on the analysis of different types of learners
demonstrates that the method supports
identifying relationships between student behavior and
characteristics of variables used.
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (or Decomposition)
There are several algorithms used for factoring the nonnegative
matrix. This transforms
(decomposes, factorizes) a matrix V into two W and H matrices
with the property that they all have
non-negative elements. This is very useful in applications such
as determining the effectiveness of
an evaluation system in which matrices contain elements related
to: exams, abilities, and items.
Matrix V is obtained from the product of the two smaller
matrices as can be seen in Figure 3.
("Non-negative matrix factorization", 2019).
Figure 3. Illustration of approximate non-negative matrix
factorization. Source: wikipedia.org
BRAIN – Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and
Neuroscience
Volume 10, Special Issue 2 (October, 2019), ISSN 2067-3957
6
19. We propose to study the evaluation of two specific abilities
defined on the columns of the
matrix W for 4 work requirements (items), defined in the W
matrix on the four lines.
Matrix H will contain two lines representing the two abilities
and 6 columns representing the
assessed students.
The result will be recorded in Matrix V that has 4 lines for each
of the 4 items and 6
columns for each of the 6 students.
A value of 1 in the W matrix indicates the need for a certain
skill (Figure 4) (Desmarais,
2012).
W
I
te
m
s
skills
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 1
X
H
20. sk
il
ls
students
1 1 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 0
≈
V
it
em
s
students
0 0 1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 2 1 1 1
Figure 4. Non-negative matrix factorization - example
The first item requires the ability 2, W [1] [2] = 1. Only the 2
and 3 students have the ability
21. 2, so item 1 will not be promoted by students 1, 2, 4 and 5.
To promote Item 4 both skills are required. Only one of the
candidates will promote this
item with the maximum score.
Using computerized analysis methods, interpretations can be
obtained in a much shorter
time and with great accuracy because machines are faster and
more accurate than humans.
4. Learning Analysis (LA)
Learning is the product of an interaction between learners and
the learning environment,
between among students / educators / teachers and others (Elias
& Lias, 2011).
The evaluation of learning, in the traditional sense, is based on
the evaluation of student /
pupil outcomes. This involves assessing knowledge but also
trying to answer questions such as:
how well this student needs, how can be improved, how to
change the course interface to make it
more accessible. At present, especially in the pre-university
system, learning evaluation is based on
questionnaires. Obtaining feed-back is lasting because the non-
automatic data processing takes time
and the analysis possibilities are quite limited.
The desire to improve the quality of learning and assessment in
the educational system is
increasing at the international level, but also in our country.
Traditional systems are confronted by
huge amounts of data and their diversity. Learning Analytics
22. (LA) attempts to answer questions
about how this data can be used and how it can be transformed
and analyzed to provide useful
information that can give value to the learning process (Liu &
Fan, 2014).
In 2011, at the first International Conference on Learning
Analysis (LAK 2011), the
definition of the new research area, LA, was adopted as:
"learning analysis is the measurement,
collection, analysis and reporting of pupils and students and
about the context of learning, in order
to understand and optimize learning and its environments "
(Siemens, 2011).
Data analytics was first used in sales, also called Business
Intelligence. This branch of research
uses computer techniques to synthesize huge amounts of data
and turn them into powerful tools for
making the best marketing decisions.
With the development of Web technologies, a branch of data
analysis research, Web Analytics,
has been developed. Web Analytics tools collect data about
users of a site and report on their behavior.
This leads to a better understanding of customers and making
the best decisions to improve your
browsing experience and to keep visitors to the site.
D. Marcu, M. Danubianu - Learning Analytics or Educational
Data Mining? This is the Question...
7
23. Learning Analytics borrows tools and methods used in Business
Intelligence and Web Analytics
to analyze educational data.
At present, many universities, companies, and organizations are
developing learning platforms
for both students and lifelong learning. An enormous advantage
of these is to personalize the learning
experience and adapt it to the physical deficiencies of the
learners.
In a research conducted by the New Media Consortium and the
EDUCAUSE Learning Initiative
in 2016, areas that will have a particular impact on university
education globally by 2020 are identified.
One of these is Learning Analytics. In the research report LA is
defined as an application in the
educational field of Web Analytics. It focuses on the collection
and detailed analysis of student
interactions with online learning platforms (Johnson, Adams
Becker & Cummins, 2016).
A free example of a Web Analytics tool is provided by Google
and is called Google Analytics. It
provides sophisticated user behavior on a website and provides
its administrators with reports about:
are new customers;
ces and more (Thushara & Ramesh, 2016).
24. With these reports, can create additional features, add more
interesting content, enhance
interactivity, customize the interface of the application based on
the devices used for viewing.
In the following figures (5,6,7) there are illustrated sections of
various reports provided by
this tool for the site https://www.modinfo.ro - a site dedicated
to the preparation of the students
from the Romanian high schools at the course of computer
science.
Figure 5 provides a diagram representation of the number of
visitors per page of the site. We
note that students are looking for baccalaureate content
(bac.php), admission to faculty
(admission.php) and additional training for performance
(cex.php).
Figure 5. User preferred content
Figure 6 represents the percentage of visitors to the site over a
fixed period, by age category.
It can be seen that most users are aged between 25 and 34 years.
For administrators, given the
period under review, this reveals their student’s preoccupation
for to prepare for the Computer
Programming Exam.
BRAIN – Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and
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25. Volume 10, Special Issue 2 (October, 2019), ISSN 2067-3957
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Figure 6. Demographics and interest categories - Age of users
Figure 7 provides information on analyzing the active presence
of a specific user on a site
within a selected time interval.
Figure 7. Behavior of a user on the site within a selected time
range
Choosing how to use and constructing analytics tools starts
from the choice of quantifiable
indicators that have to be defined according to the proposed
objectives. Examples of such indicators
for the educational environment:
n exercise
tool within the course and
others.
4.1. Learning Analytics methods
Methods used for learning analysis include:
26. ontent analysis: pupils' essays
quality of the expression is analyzed.
interested in the topic will ask questions,
access links to supplementary resources
motivational learning.
LA uses some methods of data mining as EDM. They can be
classified in: Prediction,
Clustering, Relationship mining, Discovery with models,
Distillation of Data for Human Judgment
(Nunn, Avella, Kanai, & Kebritchi, 2016).
We will briefly describe the methods that have not already been
presented in the previous
section.
D. Marcu, M. Danubianu - Learning Analytics or Educational
Data Mining? This is the Question...
9
Relationship mining
It's a method that uses algorithms to find association rules to
detect, for example, mistakes
made by students when solving a set of exercises. Based on the
associations made, one can predict a
certain behavior of the student depending on the hypothesis of
solving the problem from which he
27. starts. Thus, the teacher or course manager can intervene in
order for the pupil / student not to
mistaken. There can be found, for example, relationships
between other activities of the student
(playing on the computer, talking to a chat room colleague)
while solving his or her work tasks and
erroneous answers (Baker, Corbett, Koedinger & Wagner,
2004).
Distillation of Data for Human Judgment
This method includes statistics and visualization techniques that
help people understand data
analytics. The method is the basis for the creation of many
useful tools that provide clear analysis
that can be quickly understood by unrelated users.
An example is the formation of a map to group learners by the
amount of heat emanating
from their bodies during learning the instructional material.
This can be done with sensors mounted
on the body. The analysis provides real-time learning about
learning performance indicators
(Merceron, 2015).
5. Learning Analytics or Educational Data Mining?
Educational Data Mining is a new field of research. It is based
on the models, methods and
algorithms built for DM. However, there are also specific
methods of applying DM in education.
The main purpose of EDM is to explore large sets of data from
the educational system to create
knowledge-extraction models from the data. The main objective
28. is to provide useful information to
education decision makers about existing correlations between
sets of data that provide a deeper
understanding of the educational needs of students and the
system as a whole (de Almeida Neto &
Castro, 2017).
Learning Analytics is a newer field of research. It is based on
data analysis techniques in
Business Intelligence. LA uses highly sophisticated analysis
tools and predictive models to improve
learning. Most applications using LA have been created for the
university system and are dedicated
to early detection of concrete problems such as the risk of
abandoning a course by certain students.
LA also uses the expertise of other research areas, such as EDM
and Web Analytics, with the same
objectives of predicting learning outcomes and providing useful
information for improving the
quality of the learning process (Elias & Lias, 2011).
EDM is at the intersection of areas such as artificial
intelligence, machine learning,
education, and statistics.
Figure 8 shows the LA as an interdisciplinary subdomain of
Business Intelligence, Statistics
and Education.
Figure 8. Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics
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Volume 10, Special Issue 2 (October, 2019), ISSN 2067-3957
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The two new areas of research are quite similar in terms of the
aims pursued an methods
used, but there are also some significant differences between
them. Some of the most important
resemblances and differences between EDM and LA are shown
in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1. Similarities between EDM and LA
EDM LA
Both areas contribute to improving the quality of education and
education policies in schools and universities, but in
alternative education systems as well.
It is a new field of research. In 2011, in Massachusetts USA, the
International Working Group on EDM (established in 2007)
created the International Society for EDM.
The definition of this new field of research was
adopted in 2011 at the first International Conference
on Learning Analytics (LAK 2011).
It is based on the exploitation of large data collections. It is
based on analysis of large data collections.
It is based on the formulation of specific research …