This document discusses common patterns found in English writing paragraphs. It focuses on explaining the cause/effect pattern, providing examples of signal words that indicate when the cause or effect is presented first in a paragraph using this structure. These include words like "because", "as a result", "lead to" and others. It notes writers may also include lists of multiple causes or effects using additional listing signal words together with cause/effect keywords.

1. Identifying the Pattern
Common Patterns in Paragraphs
• The Cause/Effect pattern

2. What is a pattern?
It’s regular way that something is organized or done. Many things around
us are organized into pattern in some way. In fact, people usually prefer things
to be organized. For example:
• At home, the thing in your kitchen are organized un a certain way. This
plan or pattern helps you put things away faster and find them again.
• At school, you have a schedule for the semesters. This is another kind
of pattern. It organizes your time and tells you when to go to classes.
There are pattern in English writing too. When you are reading in English,
you should look for the pattern. It will help you understand and remember
the ideas. In this presentation you will learn about common pattern in
English writing .

3. The Cause/Effect Pattern
Common Signal Words for the Cause/Effect Pattern
For the main idea:
Any of the signal words below may be included in the main idea.
For the supporting facts and ideas:
• When the cause comes First:
So, help, stop, become, result in, reason for, have an effect on, cause, make, leas
to, as a result, the cause of, bring
• When the effect comes first:
because, be due to, be caused by, result from, because of, be the effect of, be
made by, reason why.
Note: Writers may also include a kind of list (of causes and effects) in a cause
/effect paragraph. They may use some listing signal words with the cause/effect
signal words.
Example: They also become very tired and sleepy.