The three largest cities in Poland are Warsaw, Cracow, and Lodz. Warsaw is the capital located and has nearly 2 million residents. It was severely damaged in World War II but rebuilt after the war. Cracow was the capital from 1038 to 1596 and is an important cultural center, with popular landmarks including Wawel Castle and the Barbican fort. Lodz was once an industrial center and its name translates to "boat" in English. Wroclaw and Poznan are also among Poland's largest cities, with Wroclaw located on the River Oder and Poznan one of the oldest cities in Poland.