The advancement and application of CO2 systems architecture
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This document summarizes trends in supermarket refrigeration seen over the past 10 years at Weis Markets, focusing on energy consumption results from different system designs. Older stores with standard direct expansion rack systems used 466,693 kWh on average, while more recent designs using distributed racks and case controls reduced usage to 411,788 kWh. The most advanced store analyzed used a CO2 booster system with case controls and adiabatic fluid coolers, achieving a dramatic 86% reduction to 250,790 kWh compared to standard designs. Overall, moving to more advanced refrigeration designs has significantly cut the energy usage of Weis Markets' stores.
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This document discusses vulnerabilities in cold chains that transport temperature-sensitive products like food. It begins by outlining various types of refrigerated facilities and vehicles used in cold chains. It then emphasizes the importance of establishing clear cold chain protocols, standards, and continuous temperature monitoring. Examples are provided showing how average temperatures over time impact product quality. The document suggests evaluating fleet operations and rationalizing asset sizes once cold chain standards are established. Overall it promotes a scientific, data-driven approach to cold chain management to improve food safety, quality control and supply chain efficiency.
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineers
The document provides an agenda and summary of updates from an Energy Trust of Oregon technical training meeting. The meeting covered updates to technical guidelines, including changes to baseline HVAC systems, pre-approved bundled measures, and pool dehumidification. It also discussed recent Oregon energy code changes and tools for building energy modeling like OpenStudio and EDAPT.
High-Efficiency Heating Rooftop Units (RTUs): The Final Frontier for Condensi...
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As gas programs finish capturing low-hanging fruit and achieving cost-effectiveness gets tougher, it’s important that we bring more winning gas technologies into programs. Come learn how promising gas measures—like condensing rooftop units, HVAC controls, and ozone laundry—are generating cost-effective energy savings and moving from pilots to programs.Jonathan woolley talk
1. The document discusses emerging low energy air conditioning technologies being researched at the Western Cooling Efficiency Center.
2. Field evaluations and lab tests show that climate-appropriate HVAC technologies like indirect evaporative cooling can achieve significant energy savings compared to conventional air conditioning, especially during peak periods.
3. Barriers to the adoption of these technologies are being examined in a new report in order to increase their use and realize the associated energy savings.
Supermarket controls
1) Over 900 grocery stores were investigated, finding potential refrigeration controls savings of up to 335,000 kWh annually per site. Many stores had controls but were not using optimal control strategies.
2) Refrigeration controls can reduce energy usage by modulating loads in response to demand. New opportunities combine controls with demand response.
3) A program in San Diego saved nearly 14 million kWh in 2005 through refrigeration controls optimization and commissioning.
CatFT(r) Fischer-Tropsch Process presentation
The document describes a new Fischer-Tropsch process called CatFT that addresses previous challenges. It involves coating catalyst onto thin fins for tight temperature control and scalability. Pilot testing showed promising results with high catalyst productivity. Estimates indicate a 100 BPD CatFT plant could be profitable with an IRR over 30% due to lower capital costs compared to conventional designs. The novel design offers advantages for small-scale applications.
Mechanical Constraints on Thermal Design of Shell and Tube Exchangers
Mechanical Constraints on Thermal Design of Shell and Tube Exchangers
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 STANDARD DIMENSIONS
4.1 Shell Diameters
4.2 Tube Lengths
4.3 Tube Diameters
4.4 Tube Wall Thicknesses
5 CLEARANCES
5.1 Tube Pitch
5.2 Pass Partition Lane Widths
5.3 Minimum 'U' Bend Clearance
5.4 Tube-to-Baffle Clearance
5.5 Baffle-to-Shell Clearance
5.6 Bundle-to-Shell Clearance
6 TUBESHEET THICKNESS
7 END ZONE LENGTHS
8 TUBE COUNTS
8.1 Program Correlations
8.2 Use of Tube count Tables
8.3 Graphical Layout
8.4 Use of Computer Programs
8.5 Tie Rods
TABLES
1 HEAT EXCHANGER SHELLS - GEOMETRICAL DATA
FOR INLET & OUTLET BRANCHES: PIPE WITH ANSI
150 FLANGE
2 HEAT EXCHANGER SHELLS - GEOMETRICAL DATA
FOR INLET & OUTLET BRANCHES: PIPE WITH ANSI
300 FLANGE
3 TEMA TIE ROD STANDARDS
FIGURES
1 DEFINITION OF TUBE PITCH, LIGAMENT THICKNESS & PASS PARTITION LANE WIDTH
2 DEFINITION OF PASS PARTITION LANE WIDTH FOR U-TUBES
3 BUNDLE TO SHELL CLEARANCES FOR DIFFERENT BUNDLE TYPES
4 ESTIMATED TUBESHEET THICKNESS FOR FIXED TUBE CONSTRUCTION
5 ESTIMATED TUBESHEET THICKNESS FOR U-TUBE CONSTRUCTION
6 END ZONE
7 EXAMPLE OF OPTU3 GRAPHICAL OUTPUT
Factory Infrastructure for PV Manufacturing
At this year's intersolar North America show, M+W's Ankush Halbe, Technology Director Renewable Energy, presented the latest PV capacity drivers as well as successfully proven fab design concepts opportunities complying with the environmental and security requirements.
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How to have installations with both high performance and low GWP impact? The newest solutions for the various types of format prove that now natural refrigerants and efficiency can coexist.
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This document summarizes the history and development of using carbon dioxide as a refrigerant in supermarket refrigeration systems. It describes early trials using carbon dioxide in the 1990s in Europe, as well as different system configurations that have been used, including secondary loops, cascade systems, and transcritical direct systems. The document then presents a new system design for using carbon dioxide across an entire supermarket estate that aims to improve reliability, efficiency, and resilience to power outages or component failures. A test unit of this new design was constructed in 2008 in England.
Kitchen Design Workshop - Brian Lennox
Presented at the Clubs+ Chefs Management Summit Sept 2013, presented by Brian Lennox of Universal Foodservice Designs.
Selection of Heat Exchanger Types
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0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 BACKGROUND
5 FACTORS INFLUENCING SELECTION
5.1 Type of Duty
5.2 Temperatures and Pressures
5.3 Materials of Construction 5.4 Fouling
5.5 Safety and Reliability
5.6 Repairs
5.7 Design Methods
5.8 Dimensions and Weight
5.9 Cost
5.10 GBHE Experience
6 TYPES OF EXCHANGER
6.1 Shell and Tube Exchangers
6.2 Cylindrical Graphite Block Heat Exchangers
6.3 Cubic Graphite Block Heat Exchangers
6.4 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
6.5 Gasketed Plate and Frame
6.6 Spiral Plate
6.7 Tube in Duct
6.8 Plate-fin
6.9 Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE)
6.10 Scraped Surface/Wiped Film Exchangers
6.11 Welded or Brazed Plate
6.12 Double Pipe
6.13 Electric Heaters
6.14 Fired Process Heaters
TABLE
(1) ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT SHELL AND TUBE DESIGNS
FIGURES
1 ESTIMATED MAIN PLANT ITEM COSTS
2 ESTIMATED INSTALLED COSTS
3 TEMA HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE
4 F ‘CORRECTION FACTORS' : TEMA E SHELL WITH EVEN NUMBER OF PASSE
5 SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER HEAD TYPES
6 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF A CYLINDRICAL GRAPHITE BLOCK HEAT EXCHANGER
7 EXPLODED VIEW OF A CUBIC GRAPHITE BLOCK
HEAT EXCHANGER
8 TYPICAL AIR COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER
9 GENERAL VIEW OF ONE END OF A 3-STREAM
PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER
10 TYPICAL PCHE PLATE
11 VICARB ‘COMPABLOC' EXCHANGER
12 ‘BROWN FINTUBE' MULTITUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
13 FIRED HEATER : SCHEMATICS AND NOMENCLATURE
DC inverter technology in HVAC-R business
DC inverter technology provides energy savings and other benefits for HVAC-R applications. It allows compressors and other components to precisely modulate capacity based on load. This improves efficiency, temperature control, reliability, and noise levels. It also enables use of natural refrigerants and adaptation to varying loads. DC technology generates data that can be analyzed for process optimization through key performance indicators, benchmarking, and reports. This helps reduce operational costs and food waste while improving food preservation and profitability.
Ian tuena (2) natural refrigerants presentation april 2016
This document summarizes refrigeration systems using natural refrigerants that have been installed at various Australian supermarkets. It discusses ALDI's use of CO2/R134a systems and chest freezers running on R290. It also describes a CO2 transcritical system installed at an ALDI store as well as similar systems at Woolworths, Coles, and Coles Coburg using CO2. Barriers to adopting CO2 transcritical and natural refrigerants in Australia are outlined. Potential commercial applications for natural refrigerants in Australia are also mentioned.
DOE NREL TEST Report 2014
The document summarizes a study that tested advanced load monitoring controllers on hydronic boiler systems in multifamily buildings in Chicago to reduce cycling and save energy. The controllers monitored supply water temperatures and prevented boilers from firing for up to 15 minutes during low load conditions. Testing found energy savings of up to 14% during shoulder months for a building with boilers cycling over 100 times per day, while a building with fewer cycles saw 7% savings. Savings depend on how oversized boilers are for their loads and are greater in shoulder seasons when cycling rates are higher. The controllers can be easily installed and provide savings without affecting tenant comfort, but the level of savings varies by system and proper prediction requires knowledge of cycling rates and equipment sizing
MEEA Industrial Webinar: Industrial Refrigeration – Opportunities for Energy ...
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Industrial refrigeration systems are a significant consumer of electrical energy in food processing, cold storage, and chemical processing industries throughout the Midwestern United States.
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Bryan Hackett, P.E. - Senior Engineer II, kW Engineering
Bryan leads kW Engineering’s Industrial Services Team, providing energy and water auditing, retro-commissioning, technical support services, and implementation management to industrial facilities across the country. Bryan has performed over 150 industrial energy audits and is the lead author of two papers on energy savings at food processing and refrigeration facilities. Bryan is a licensed Professional Mechanical Engineer with over 17 years of experience working with commercial, institutional, and industrial clients. As one of the leaders of kW's technical staff of 47 engineers, Bryan takes great pride in getting CFOs excited about sustainability by delivering results at the meter and on the bill.Retrocommissioning of Existing Buildings
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Boris Shapiro Controls expeiences
The document discusses several sustainable energy projects at NJIT, including upgrades to the campus-wide control system involving demand-based HVAC, lighting, and building controls. Specific buildings mentioned include the Campus Center, Fenster Hall, GITC, Oak Hall, and Weston Hall. Features described include variable speed pumping and cooling, chilled water reset, and heat recovery systems. Performance data and energy savings from the projects are presented.
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The key parameters of a CO2 booster refrigeration system serving a supermarket in Italy were monitored from January to June 2019. The system provided cooling capacities of 20 kW at low temperature and 90 kW at medium temperature evaporators as well as heat recovery for space heating, hot water, and air conditioning. During the winter period, the system operated in transcritical mode to satisfy space heating demands. Monitoring data showed the cooling loads remained constant and will be used to validate models to analyze the performance of different system configurations annually. Simulations predicted up to a 10% reduction in yearly compressor energy use with an optimized overfed evaporator design.Database Added Value for the Industry
NIBE is a partner in the LIFE FRONT project, which aims to help remove barriers to the use of flammable refrigerants. The project is collecting detailed leak data from the field, including failed component, leak cause, hole size, and flowrate, to build a database. This database will provide statistical insights into leak causes and flowrates. It will also help with risk assessment and mitigation measures for flammable refrigerants. The LIFE FRONT project conclusions recommend replacing flammable charge limits with charge limits based on testing. It also defines an efficient test method that could be included in standards to assess safety measures for using over 150g of flammable refrigerant indo
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Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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- 2. Trends in Supermarket Refrigeration PAUL W. BURD MANAGER REFRIGERATION ENGINEERING WEIS MARKETS, INC SCOTT MARTIN DIRECTOR BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRY RELATIONS DOVER FOOD RETAIL – HILLPHOENIX
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- 6. Medium Temp. Glycol System
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- 8. Technology Refrigeration Design ◦Past 10 Years ◦Distributed Systems ◦Current Design ◦Future
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- 12. kWh CO2 vs. Previous Design CO2 5 compressor racks, Air-cooled condensers, individual systems piping -86% CO2 6 Distributed racks, Loop piping, Microchannel condensers. First venture into case controls. -39% CO2 2 compressor racks [1 LT / 1 MT], Glycol MT secondary, Loop piping, Case controls, Adiabatic condensers -32%