This document provides an outline and overview of key topics about computer software that are discussed in a chapter from the book "Introduction to Information Technology" by Turban, Rainer and Potter. The chapter covers the significance of software, the major types of system software and application software, software issues organizations may face, programming languages, and enterprise software. It defines important software concepts and describes different types of operating systems, application software, programming languages, and issues related to software defects, licensing and selection.
1. Software is defined as computer programs and documents that are designed by software engineers. Software is logical rather than physical and does not wear out over time like hardware.
2. Software applications can be categorized into system software, real-time software, business software, engineering/scientific software, embedded software, personal computer software, web-based software, and artificial intelligence software.
3. Legacy software refers to older software programs that are critical but poorly designed and documented, making them difficult to maintain. Software engineering aims to apply a systematic approach to developing, operating, and maintaining software.
This document provides an overview of operating systems, including definitions, components, types, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware and allows other programs to run. The main components described are the kernel, memory management, process execution, interrupts, file systems, device drivers, networking, security, and user interface. Operating system types covered are real-time, batch, multi-user/single-user, multi-tasking/single-tasking, distributed, and embedded. Examples of operating systems mentioned are MS DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu, Solaris, Android, and iOS.
This document discusses different types of software. It defines software and describes system software and application software. System software includes the operating system, BIOS, device drivers, and utility software. It provides examples of different types of utility software. The document also discusses proprietary software, shareware, and open-source software. Application software is for general use or specific tasks like engineering. Software can be divided based on its access and licensing into proprietary, shareware, and open-source.
A system for performance evaluation of embedded softwareMr. Chanuwan
The document proposes a performance evaluation system for embedded software. The system consists of a code analyzer, testing agents, data analyzer, and report viewer. The code analyzer inserts additional code into the source code and compiles it. Testing agents execute performance tests on the target system. The data analyzer translates raw test results into APIs. The report viewer provides graphical reports using the APIs. The system aims to help developers easily and intuitively analyze software performance without additional hardware.
There are three main types of software:
1) System software which operates the computer hardware and provides basic functionality and a platform for other software. This includes operating systems, drivers, servers, and utilities.
2) Programming software which are tools used by developers to create, debug, and maintain other programs and applications, such as compilers, debuggers, and text editors.
3) Application software which allows users to perform specific tasks, such as web browsers, office suites, graphics software, and media players. Application software runs on top of system software and may use programming software during development.
The document discusses different types of system software including operating systems, utility programs, language processors, and device drivers. It describes the functions of operating systems like managing resources, providing a user interface, loading and executing programs, protecting data, and controlling devices. The three main categories of operating systems are introduced as embedded, standalone, and network operating systems. Examples are provided for different operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, iOS, Android, and more.
Chapter 8 operating systems and utility programshaider ali
System software includes operating systems and utility programs. An operating system controls computer hardware and software resources, coordinates tasks, and provides a user interface. Utility programs allow maintenance tasks like file management, disk cleanup, backup, and security protection from viruses, spyware, and adware. Common operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and embedded operating systems for mobile devices.
1. Software is defined as computer programs and documents that are designed by software engineers. Software is logical rather than physical and does not wear out over time like hardware.
2. Software applications can be categorized into system software, real-time software, business software, engineering/scientific software, embedded software, personal computer software, web-based software, and artificial intelligence software.
3. Legacy software refers to older software programs that are critical but poorly designed and documented, making them difficult to maintain. Software engineering aims to apply a systematic approach to developing, operating, and maintaining software.
This document provides an overview of operating systems, including definitions, components, types, and examples. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware and allows other programs to run. The main components described are the kernel, memory management, process execution, interrupts, file systems, device drivers, networking, security, and user interface. Operating system types covered are real-time, batch, multi-user/single-user, multi-tasking/single-tasking, distributed, and embedded. Examples of operating systems mentioned are MS DOS, Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Ubuntu, Solaris, Android, and iOS.
This document discusses different types of software. It defines software and describes system software and application software. System software includes the operating system, BIOS, device drivers, and utility software. It provides examples of different types of utility software. The document also discusses proprietary software, shareware, and open-source software. Application software is for general use or specific tasks like engineering. Software can be divided based on its access and licensing into proprietary, shareware, and open-source.
A system for performance evaluation of embedded softwareMr. Chanuwan
The document proposes a performance evaluation system for embedded software. The system consists of a code analyzer, testing agents, data analyzer, and report viewer. The code analyzer inserts additional code into the source code and compiles it. Testing agents execute performance tests on the target system. The data analyzer translates raw test results into APIs. The report viewer provides graphical reports using the APIs. The system aims to help developers easily and intuitively analyze software performance without additional hardware.
There are three main types of software:
1) System software which operates the computer hardware and provides basic functionality and a platform for other software. This includes operating systems, drivers, servers, and utilities.
2) Programming software which are tools used by developers to create, debug, and maintain other programs and applications, such as compilers, debuggers, and text editors.
3) Application software which allows users to perform specific tasks, such as web browsers, office suites, graphics software, and media players. Application software runs on top of system software and may use programming software during development.
The document discusses different types of system software including operating systems, utility programs, language processors, and device drivers. It describes the functions of operating systems like managing resources, providing a user interface, loading and executing programs, protecting data, and controlling devices. The three main categories of operating systems are introduced as embedded, standalone, and network operating systems. Examples are provided for different operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, Linux, iOS, Android, and more.
Chapter 8 operating systems and utility programshaider ali
System software includes operating systems and utility programs. An operating system controls computer hardware and software resources, coordinates tasks, and provides a user interface. Utility programs allow maintenance tasks like file management, disk cleanup, backup, and security protection from viruses, spyware, and adware. Common operating systems include Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and embedded operating systems for mobile devices.
Types of semiconductor memory include RAM and ROM. RAM allows reading and writing data in any order and is used for short-term storage like computer memory. ROM is used where data needs to be permanently stored even without power, like firmware.
An operating system manages hardware resources and allows other programs to run. It provides interfaces for input/output, file management, and other functions. Without an operating system, users could not load or run application programs or interface with computer hardware. Operating systems maximize efficiency and productivity by controlling the computer's operations.
The document discusses different types of application software, including business software, graphics and multimedia software, software for home and personal use, web applications, and software for communications. It provides examples of specific applications within each category and describes their key features and functions. The document also covers how application software interacts with the operating system and utility programs, as well as learning tools available for application software training.
The document discusses various types of computer applications and software. It defines an application as any program designed for end users. Examples provided include word processors, spreadsheets, web browsers, and database programs. It also discusses mobile apps and how they are designed for smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices. Popular mobile apps are described as those for social networking, games, music and videos. The document provides overviews of different types of software like word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, graphics software, desktop publishing software, and more.
The document discusses various types of computer input devices including keyboards, mice, touch screens, scanners, cameras, and biometric devices. It describes how each device works and provides examples of their common uses. Input devices allow users to enter data, instructions, and commands into computers through typing, pointing, speaking, scanning, and other methods. The document aims to provide an overview of the different input technologies available.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering, covering topics such as what software engineering entails, the different types of software applications, and key principles of software engineering. It defines software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. It also discusses the different types of software applications and notes that while fundamental principles apply universally, the appropriate techniques depend on the application type and requirements.
Part 5.1 Hardware | Software | System Software | Application SoftwarePro Guide
The document discusses hardware and software. It defines hardware as physical electronic devices that can be seen and touched, and lists its main categories. Hardware is not affected by viruses and cannot be transferred electronically. Software is defined as a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software is divided into system software, which acts as an interface between application software and hardware, and application software, which users install to perform specific tasks. Application software requires system software to run.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key topics in software engineering. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance and costs of software development, different types of software projects and applications, and issues like complexity, security and scale that affect software. It also introduces software engineering processes, methods, and ethics. Common questions about the field are addressed. The document is the first chapter of a book on software engineering.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information technology including:
- People, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity/the internet are the basic components of IT systems.
- There are two main types of software: system software (operating systems, utilities, device drivers, language translators) and application software (general purpose, specialized, mobile, and web-based apps).
- The four main types of computers are personal computers, supercomputers, mainframe computers, and midrange computers. Basic computer components include the system unit, input/output devices, secondary storage, and communication devices.
This document provides information about the internet, the web, and electronic commerce. It begins by explaining the difference between the internet and the web. The internet is a physical network of connected computers around the world, while the web provides an interface to access resources on the internet. It then discusses how the internet was created in 1969 and how the world wide web launched in 1991. Common uses of the internet and web are also listed, such as social media, e-commerce sites, search engines, educational websites, and video streaming services.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the waterfall model for software development and conventional software management. It discusses the phases of the waterfall model including preliminary investigation, system analysis, software design, coding, and testing. The preliminary investigation phase involves problem identification, feasibility study, and expected benefits. System analysis aims to understand the system components and relationships. Software design develops the system based on analysis. Coding implements the design into a programming language. Testing verifies that the code meets requirements.
Comparison of Concurrent Mobile OS CharacteristicsIJLT EMAS
It is challenging for the mobile industry to supply the best features of the devices with its increasing customer requirements. Among the progress of technologies, the mobile industry is the fastest growing; as it keeps pace with rapidly changing market demands. This paper compares between the currently available mobile devices based on its user interface, security, memory utilization, processor, and device architecture. The mobile products launched from 2015-19 are used for comparison. Current results after comparison with earlier study found that many mobile devices and features became obsolete in a short time span supporting the aggressive growth of mobile industry.
Computers are everywhere and understanding how to use them is important. The document defines a computer and describes its basic components including the processor, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and communications devices. It discusses different types of computers and how they are used in various settings like homes, small offices, businesses, and mobile environments. Networks and the internet allow people and computers to share resources and information on a global scale. The document outlines the basic elements of an information system and provides examples of computer applications in fields like education, healthcare, science and more.
Objectives
- Describe what application software is, the different types of ownership rights, and the difference between installed and Web-based software.
- Detail some concepts and commands that many software programs have in common.
- Discuss word processing and explain what kinds of documents are created using this type of program.
- Explain the purpose of spreadsheet software and the kinds of documents created using this type of program.
- Identify some of the vocabulary used with database software and discuss the benefits of using this type of program.
- Describe what presentation graphics and electronic slide shows are and when they might be used.
- List some types of graphics and multimedia software consumers frequently use.
- Name other types of application software programs and discuss what functions they perform.
This document discusses different types of software, including application software and system software. Application software is designed to perform specific tasks for users like word processing, games, or web browsing. System software acts as an interface between hardware and applications, and includes operating systems, drivers, and utilities. The document provides examples of different categories of application and system software and their functions.
Impact solutions involve capturing events from various sources and reacting to those events through pre-programmed policies. For this example, Impact will automate an IT operations workflow by:
1) Capturing new outage events from the OMNIbus database using an Impact Reader.
2) Accessing asset and SLA data stored in external databases and applications to determine which engineer should be notified.
3) Sending notifications to engineers by calling a web service of the enterprise notification application.
The document discusses assessing software complexity and security metrics from UML class diagrams for software reengineering. It proposes developing a Software Reverse Engineering Tool (SRET) that can automatically calculate metrics like coupling, cohesion, and security metrics from a UML class diagram generated from source code. This would help analysts and developers evaluate software metrics more quickly and efficiently during reengineering compared to manual methods. The tool would extract metrics based on rules applied to the class diagram to measure things like data access, operation access, and interactions between methods and attributes.
The document describes various types of storage media and storage devices, including internal hard disks, external hard disks, solid state drives, flash memory, optical discs, tape storage, smart cards, microfilm, cloud storage, and enterprise storage. It provides details on the characteristics and uses of different storage options and how they are suited for different users from home users to businesses. The document seeks to educate readers about the purpose and proper use of common storage technologies.
Pemerintah mengumumkan rencana untuk membangun pusat perbelanjaan baru di pusat kota untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi. Rencana ini mendapat dukungan dari kalangan bisnis tetapi ditentang oleh kelompok lingkungan karena khawatir akan mengganggu ekosistem setempat. Perdebatan masih berlanjut mengenai dampak sosial ekonomi dan lingkungan dari rencana pembangunan tersebut.
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan manfaat nutrisi kacang kedelai, proses produksi minuman kacang kedelai Melilea yang berkualitas, serta lingkungan yang sesuai untuk menanam kacang kedelai berkualitas di Heilongjiang, Tiongkok. Kacang kedelai mengandung protein, isoflavon, mineral, lesitin, dan saponin yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Proses produksi minuman kacang kedelai Melilea mencakup pemilihan, penyaring
The document describes the process of designing a magazine cover. It discusses selecting a brick background image, editing a model as the main focus, creating a masthead with the model's pattern, adding text boxes with the same font and colors as the model, including artist names and a cover line, and adding other design elements like a barcode, date, and price. Layout was structured with grids and rulers to help line up the text.
The document discusses systems analysis and design methods. It describes the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) process and its stages. It also summarizes alternative methods for systems development like prototyping, joint application design, and object-oriented development. Finally, it discusses component-based development and how web services can be used in systems development.
Curso formacion de tutores y moderacion de gruposmarcela pizarro
Este documento resume las funciones y habilidades de un tutor en entornos virtuales. Explica que los tutores deben promover la comunicación entre estudiantes, mantener claros los objetivos del curso y estimular el análisis de materiales. También deben establecer pautas de trabajo, planificar actividades y mantener una buena comunicación para guiar el aprendizaje. Finalmente, señala que los grupos virtuales se construyen a través del trabajo comprometido de tutores y participantes para crear una atmósfera de colaboración en torno
Types of semiconductor memory include RAM and ROM. RAM allows reading and writing data in any order and is used for short-term storage like computer memory. ROM is used where data needs to be permanently stored even without power, like firmware.
An operating system manages hardware resources and allows other programs to run. It provides interfaces for input/output, file management, and other functions. Without an operating system, users could not load or run application programs or interface with computer hardware. Operating systems maximize efficiency and productivity by controlling the computer's operations.
The document discusses different types of application software, including business software, graphics and multimedia software, software for home and personal use, web applications, and software for communications. It provides examples of specific applications within each category and describes their key features and functions. The document also covers how application software interacts with the operating system and utility programs, as well as learning tools available for application software training.
The document discusses various types of computer applications and software. It defines an application as any program designed for end users. Examples provided include word processors, spreadsheets, web browsers, and database programs. It also discusses mobile apps and how they are designed for smartphones, tablets and other mobile devices. Popular mobile apps are described as those for social networking, games, music and videos. The document provides overviews of different types of software like word processors, spreadsheets, presentation software, graphics software, desktop publishing software, and more.
The document discusses various types of computer input devices including keyboards, mice, touch screens, scanners, cameras, and biometric devices. It describes how each device works and provides examples of their common uses. Input devices allow users to enter data, instructions, and commands into computers through typing, pointing, speaking, scanning, and other methods. The document aims to provide an overview of the different input technologies available.
The document provides an introduction to software engineering, covering topics such as what software engineering entails, the different types of software applications, and key principles of software engineering. It defines software engineering as an engineering discipline concerned with all aspects of software production. It also discusses the different types of software applications and notes that while fundamental principles apply universally, the appropriate techniques depend on the application type and requirements.
Part 5.1 Hardware | Software | System Software | Application SoftwarePro Guide
The document discusses hardware and software. It defines hardware as physical electronic devices that can be seen and touched, and lists its main categories. Hardware is not affected by viruses and cannot be transferred electronically. Software is defined as a set of instructions that tell a computer what to do. Software is divided into system software, which acts as an interface between application software and hardware, and application software, which users install to perform specific tasks. Application software requires system software to run.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key topics in software engineering. It discusses what software engineering is, the importance and costs of software development, different types of software projects and applications, and issues like complexity, security and scale that affect software. It also introduces software engineering processes, methods, and ethics. Common questions about the field are addressed. The document is the first chapter of a book on software engineering.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information technology including:
- People, procedures, software, hardware, data, and connectivity/the internet are the basic components of IT systems.
- There are two main types of software: system software (operating systems, utilities, device drivers, language translators) and application software (general purpose, specialized, mobile, and web-based apps).
- The four main types of computers are personal computers, supercomputers, mainframe computers, and midrange computers. Basic computer components include the system unit, input/output devices, secondary storage, and communication devices.
This document provides information about the internet, the web, and electronic commerce. It begins by explaining the difference between the internet and the web. The internet is a physical network of connected computers around the world, while the web provides an interface to access resources on the internet. It then discusses how the internet was created in 1969 and how the world wide web launched in 1991. Common uses of the internet and web are also listed, such as social media, e-commerce sites, search engines, educational websites, and video streaming services.
The document summarizes the key aspects of the waterfall model for software development and conventional software management. It discusses the phases of the waterfall model including preliminary investigation, system analysis, software design, coding, and testing. The preliminary investigation phase involves problem identification, feasibility study, and expected benefits. System analysis aims to understand the system components and relationships. Software design develops the system based on analysis. Coding implements the design into a programming language. Testing verifies that the code meets requirements.
Comparison of Concurrent Mobile OS CharacteristicsIJLT EMAS
It is challenging for the mobile industry to supply the best features of the devices with its increasing customer requirements. Among the progress of technologies, the mobile industry is the fastest growing; as it keeps pace with rapidly changing market demands. This paper compares between the currently available mobile devices based on its user interface, security, memory utilization, processor, and device architecture. The mobile products launched from 2015-19 are used for comparison. Current results after comparison with earlier study found that many mobile devices and features became obsolete in a short time span supporting the aggressive growth of mobile industry.
Computers are everywhere and understanding how to use them is important. The document defines a computer and describes its basic components including the processor, memory, storage devices, input/output devices, and communications devices. It discusses different types of computers and how they are used in various settings like homes, small offices, businesses, and mobile environments. Networks and the internet allow people and computers to share resources and information on a global scale. The document outlines the basic elements of an information system and provides examples of computer applications in fields like education, healthcare, science and more.
Objectives
- Describe what application software is, the different types of ownership rights, and the difference between installed and Web-based software.
- Detail some concepts and commands that many software programs have in common.
- Discuss word processing and explain what kinds of documents are created using this type of program.
- Explain the purpose of spreadsheet software and the kinds of documents created using this type of program.
- Identify some of the vocabulary used with database software and discuss the benefits of using this type of program.
- Describe what presentation graphics and electronic slide shows are and when they might be used.
- List some types of graphics and multimedia software consumers frequently use.
- Name other types of application software programs and discuss what functions they perform.
This document discusses different types of software, including application software and system software. Application software is designed to perform specific tasks for users like word processing, games, or web browsing. System software acts as an interface between hardware and applications, and includes operating systems, drivers, and utilities. The document provides examples of different categories of application and system software and their functions.
Impact solutions involve capturing events from various sources and reacting to those events through pre-programmed policies. For this example, Impact will automate an IT operations workflow by:
1) Capturing new outage events from the OMNIbus database using an Impact Reader.
2) Accessing asset and SLA data stored in external databases and applications to determine which engineer should be notified.
3) Sending notifications to engineers by calling a web service of the enterprise notification application.
The document discusses assessing software complexity and security metrics from UML class diagrams for software reengineering. It proposes developing a Software Reverse Engineering Tool (SRET) that can automatically calculate metrics like coupling, cohesion, and security metrics from a UML class diagram generated from source code. This would help analysts and developers evaluate software metrics more quickly and efficiently during reengineering compared to manual methods. The tool would extract metrics based on rules applied to the class diagram to measure things like data access, operation access, and interactions between methods and attributes.
The document describes various types of storage media and storage devices, including internal hard disks, external hard disks, solid state drives, flash memory, optical discs, tape storage, smart cards, microfilm, cloud storage, and enterprise storage. It provides details on the characteristics and uses of different storage options and how they are suited for different users from home users to businesses. The document seeks to educate readers about the purpose and proper use of common storage technologies.
Pemerintah mengumumkan rencana untuk membangun pusat perbelanjaan baru di pusat kota untuk mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi. Rencana ini mendapat dukungan dari kalangan bisnis tetapi ditentang oleh kelompok lingkungan karena khawatir akan mengganggu ekosistem setempat. Perdebatan masih berlanjut mengenai dampak sosial ekonomi dan lingkungan dari rencana pembangunan tersebut.
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan manfaat nutrisi kacang kedelai, proses produksi minuman kacang kedelai Melilea yang berkualitas, serta lingkungan yang sesuai untuk menanam kacang kedelai berkualitas di Heilongjiang, Tiongkok. Kacang kedelai mengandung protein, isoflavon, mineral, lesitin, dan saponin yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Proses produksi minuman kacang kedelai Melilea mencakup pemilihan, penyaring
The document describes the process of designing a magazine cover. It discusses selecting a brick background image, editing a model as the main focus, creating a masthead with the model's pattern, adding text boxes with the same font and colors as the model, including artist names and a cover line, and adding other design elements like a barcode, date, and price. Layout was structured with grids and rulers to help line up the text.
The document discusses systems analysis and design methods. It describes the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) process and its stages. It also summarizes alternative methods for systems development like prototyping, joint application design, and object-oriented development. Finally, it discusses component-based development and how web services can be used in systems development.
Curso formacion de tutores y moderacion de gruposmarcela pizarro
Este documento resume las funciones y habilidades de un tutor en entornos virtuales. Explica que los tutores deben promover la comunicación entre estudiantes, mantener claros los objetivos del curso y estimular el análisis de materiales. También deben establecer pautas de trabajo, planificar actividades y mantener una buena comunicación para guiar el aprendizaje. Finalmente, señala que los grupos virtuales se construyen a través del trabajo comprometido de tutores y participantes para crear una atmósfera de colaboración en torno
Præsentation til Intensivdagarna 2014 på Gotland med Merete Sanderhoff og Lars Lundqvist omkring frigivelse af kunstværker og hvad man kan bruge dem til
To receive 100 coins in Dragon Get, click the referral link of the person who invited you, create a Google account if needed, then click "My applications", the green button, and specify your wallet address to have 100 coins added within a day.
The document discusses two types of muscle weakness and coordination issues: hemiparesis and ataxia. Hemiparesis is weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body, usually caused by trauma, tumors, or stroke. Ataxia is a lack of muscle coordination that can affect movement, speech, and swallowing, and is commonly caused by damage to the cerebellum. Both conditions can be treated through physical therapy, occupational therapy, and adaptive devices to improve strength, range of motion, and daily living skills.
Indigenous technical knowledge and formulations of ugali and uji in KenyaGeorge Wafula
This document discusses indigenous technical knowledge related to thick (ugali) and thin (uji) porridges consumed in Kenya. It provides background on the production and consumption of key ingredients like maize, finger millet, sorghum, and cassava in Kenya. Focus group interviews were conducted with 134 women across 10 counties in Western Kenya to document practices for preparing and using ugali and uji. Preferences and recipes for ugali and uji varied depending on local culture and crops grown. Whole milled maize and finger millet were preferred for ugali and uji respectively, though other flours were also used. Recipes for complementary feeding and managing diseases were also discussed.
Icon terbaru Cianjur telah hadir, Grand Cianjur Ruko strategis dengan di area utama Cianjr DILENGKAPI fave hotel Cianjur akan memberikan one stop bussines point di Cianjur
This chapter discusses data organization and databases. It begins by defining basic data concepts like fields, records, and files. It then describes problems with traditional file-based data storage approaches and how databases address these issues. The chapter outlines the database creation process and common data models like hierarchical, network, and relational models. It also discusses database management systems, their components, and query languages.
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan manfaat kesehatan kacang kedelai, proses produksi minuman kacang kedelai Melilea yang berkualitas, serta lingkungan yang sesuai untuk menanam kacang kedelai berkualitas di Heilongjiang, Tiongkok. Kacang kedelai mengandung protein, isoflavon, mineral, lesitin, dan saponin yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Proses produksi minuman kacang kedelai Melilea mencakup pemilihan, peny
This document provides an overview of the key concepts relating to the Internet and intranets. It defines the Internet as a massive global network that connects computer networks around the world. It describes how the Internet works using protocols like TCP/IP and how users can connect. It also differentiates the World Wide Web from the Internet, defining the Web as a system that uses the Internet's transport functions and standards like HTML and HTTP. Finally, it discusses intranets and how they are private networks that use the same Internet protocols within an organization.
The document provides an overview of computer hardware components and concepts. It summarizes the central processing unit, computer memory including primary and secondary storage, input/output technologies, and trends in hardware evolution. The chapter outlines key hardware topics and learning objectives to understand the major components of computer systems and their design, functioning, and relationships between performance and technology.
This document provides abbreviations for various medical terms related to the special senses of eye, ear, nose and throat. It lists the abbreviations and their corresponding full terms. Some abbreviations covered include OS/OD for left eye/right eye, EOM for extraocular movement, VA for visual acuity, XT for exotropia, ST for esotropia, PE tube for pressure equalizing tube, and OM for otitis media. Full definitions are provided for some terms.
The document provides an outline of a chapter that discusses network and telecommunications basics. It covers topics such as the components of a telecommunications system including hardware, communications media, networks, software, and protocols. It also describes different types of computer networks including local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs), and network processing strategies like client/server and peer-to-peer computing. The chapter aims to describe key network concepts, components, services, protocols, and network types.
The document discusses different types of software and operating systems. It begins by defining software and describing different categories such as application software, system software, programming software, and firmware. It then provides examples of different types of application software and system software. Finally, it asks the recipient about their expectations for an operating systems application course.
The document discusses the Raspbian operating system. Raspbian is based on Debian and was specifically designed and optimized to run on Raspberry Pi single-board computers. It inherits most traits from its parent Debian operating system, including using the Linux or FreeBSD kernel. Raspbian aims to provide a full-featured and easy to use operating system for Raspberry Pi users.
The document provides an overview of operating systems and application software. It discusses how the operating system manages hardware resources and allows multiple programs to run concurrently. It also describes common types of application software like word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and web browsers. The document explains that while companies typically use commercially available software, customized software may be developed internally using programming languages to gain a competitive advantage.
Application software, also known as apps, are computer programs designed to help users perform specific tasks like managing documents, graphics, or media. Examples include office suites, accounting programs, and media players. System software includes operating systems, firmware, and utilities that operate hardware, provide a platform for apps, and maintain the computer. System software includes programs like Windows, MacOS, and Linux operating systems as well as compilers and debuggers used to develop other software.
Computer software or simply software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task as oppose to the physical components of the system (i.e. hardware).
The document discusses software and its importance in computers. It defines software as computer programs, data structures, and documentation. Software is engineered rather than manufactured and does not wear out over time. The document also discusses operating systems, customized software, software quality factors like functionality and usability, and examples of word processing features.
This document discusses software and its relationship to hardware. It defines software as a sequence of instructions that can be understood by a computer. It notes that both hardware and software are necessary for a computer to function, and that the same hardware can be used to perform different tasks depending on the software. The document outlines the major types of software, including application software, system software, communication software, and utility programs. It provides examples and definitions of different applications and system software types.
The document discusses computer software, including system software and application software. It defines system software as programs that control computer resources to enable interaction between users and applications. Some examples of system software include operating systems, utility programs, and programming languages. It also defines application software as programs that allow users to perform specific tasks. The document outlines different categories of application software and provides examples. It discusses operating systems in depth, including their functions in managing computer resources and providing user interfaces.
System software and application software are the two main categories of software. System software controls the computer's hardware and includes the operating system, network operating systems, and utilities. Application software allows users to perform tasks like word processing, spreadsheets, databases, presentations, graphics, multimedia, web design, email, and games. Without software instructions, a computer cannot perform any tasks. Software brings the computer's physical components to life by telling the machine what to do.
The document defines and describes different types of software. It begins by defining software as a set of instructions that operate computers and execute tasks, as opposed to hardware which describes physical computer components. There are two main categories of software: application software which performs specific tasks, and system software which runs hardware and provides a platform for applications. Other types include programming software, middleware, and driver software. The document then describes various common software types in more detail such as application software, system software, driver software, middleware, and programming software. It concludes by discussing software quality measures.
This document provides an overview of software, including definitions and types of software. It discusses system software such as operating systems and their functions. It also covers application software, programming languages, and software development approaches like object-oriented programming. Specific software mentioned includes HTML, XML, Java, and UML.
This document discusses software, operating systems, and application software. It defines software as computer instructions or data that can be stored electronically. It explains that operating systems allow other programs to run by performing basic tasks like recognizing input/output and controlling devices. Common types of operating systems include graphical user interfaces, multi-user, multiprocessing, multitasking, and multithreading. Application software includes programs that perform user tasks like games, web browsers, and office productivity software. Application software relies on the operating system to run.
System software is an essential type of computer software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for application software. The presentation discusses the main types of system software including operating systems, device drivers, firmware, programming language translators, and utilities. It provides examples and describes the key functions of each type of system software such as allocating resources, monitoring activities, managing files and disks, and enabling interaction between hardware, software, and users. The importance of system software is that it allows users to directly interact with computer hardware and run other software programs.
Software are programs that enable computers to perform tasks by processing instructions. There are two main types: system software like operating systems, utilities, and drivers; and application software for specific tasks like word processing, games, etc. Software can be proprietary, sold commercially, freeware, or open source. It is installed from physical media or downloaded, and some common file types are associated with applications like .doc files for Word.
Software includes computer programs, data structures, and documentation. It is engineered rather than manufactured. While hardware wears out over time, software deteriorates due to factors like compatibility issues, bugs, security vulnerabilities, and changing user requirements. Software is used in domains like system software, applications, engineering/science, embedded systems, product lines, web applications, and artificial intelligence. Legacy software from decades ago is still used but requires updates to work with new technologies and business needs. Software engineering is a broader discipline than programming that involves designing, building, and maintaining software systems using engineering principles. Reliable software is increasingly critical as it is embedded in more aspects of modern life and relied on for strategic decisions.
Computer Software,Types of Software,Software Development Steps,SDLC,Internet Evolution,Basic Internet Terminology,Computer Network,Types of Computer Network,
Computer Network topology
This document provides an overview of computer systems, including computer hardware, software, networking, and data processing. It defines computer hardware as the physical components of a computer and lists common hardware components like the motherboard, CPU, memory, and peripheral devices. It also discusses computer software, describing system software, application software, and programming languages. The document summarizes data processing topics like data management systems, database models, and the process of extracting knowledge from data.
3. Chapter Outline
Significance of software
System software
Application software
Software issues
Programming languages
Enterprises software
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4. Learning Objectives
Differentiate between the two major types of software.
Describe the general functions of the operating system.
Differentiate among types of operating systems and describe
each type.
Identify three methods for developing application software.
Describe the major types of application software.
Describe the major software issues that organization face today.
Explain how software has evolved and trends for the future.
Describe middleware and enterprise software.
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5. TG2.1 Significance of software
Computer program. The sequences of instructions for
the computer, which comprise software.
Stored program concept. Modern hardware architecture
in which stored software programs are accessed and
their instructions are executed (followed) in the
computer’s CPU, one after another.
Documentation. Written description of the functions of a
software program.
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6. Different types of software:
System software: The class of computer instruction that
serve primarily as an intermediary between computer
hardware and application programs; provides important
self-regulatory functions for computer systems.
Application software: The class of computer instructions
that direct a computer system to perform specific
processing activities and provide functionality for users.
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7. TG2.2 Systems software
System control programs: Software programs that
controls the use of the hardware, software, and data
resources of a computer system.
Operating system: The main system control program,
which supervises the overall operations of the computer,
allocates CPU time and main memory to programs, and
provides an interface between the user and the
hardware.
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8. Multitasking/ multiprogramming: The management
of two or more tasks, or programs, running
concurrently on the computer system (one CPU).
Multithreading: A form of multitasking that runs
multiple tasks within a single application
simultaneously.
Multiprocessing: simultaneous processing of more
than one program by assigning them to different
processors (multiple CPUs).
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9. Virtual Memory: A feature that simulates more main
memory than actually exists in the computer system by
extending primary storage into secondary storage.
Graphical user interface (GUI): system software that allows
users to have direct control of visible objects (such as icons)
and actions, which replace command syntax.
Social interface. A user interface that guides the user through
computer applications by using cartoonlike characters,
graphics, animation, and voice commands.
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10. Operating environment. A set of computer programs
that add features that enable developers to create
applications without directly accessing the operating
systems; function only with an operating system.
Plug-and-Play. Feature that enables the operating
system to recognize new hardware and install the
necessary software (called device drivers)
automatically.
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11. Linux: A powerful version of the UNIX operating
system that is open source software (publicly and
freely available).
Java operating system (Java OS): Operating system
designed to execute programs written in Java, for
Internet and Intranet applications, embedded
devices, handheld products, and thin-client
computing.
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12. System support programs: Software that supports
the operations management and users of a
computer system by providing a variety of support
services (e.g. system utility programs, performance
monitors, and security monitors).
System utilities: Programs that accomplish common
tasks such as sorting records, locating files, and
managing memory usage.
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13. System performance monitors: Programs that
monitor the processing of jobs on a computer
system and monitor system performance in areas
such as processor time, memory space and
application programs.
System security monitors: Programs that monitor a
computer system to protect it and its resources form
unauthorized use, fraud,or destruction.
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14. TG2.3 Application Software
Proprietary application software. Software that addresses a
specific or unique business need for a company ; may be
developed in-house or may be commissioned from a software
vendor.
Contract software. Specific software programs developed for
a particular company by a vendor.
Off-the-shelf application software. Software purchased,
leased, or rented from a vendor that develops programs and
sell them to many organizations; can be standard
customizable.
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15. Personal application software
Spreadsheets. Software that uses a grid of
coded rows and columns to display numeric
or textual data in cells.
Macros. Sequences of commands used in
spreadsheet software that can be executed
with just one simple instruction.
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16. Integrated packages. Spreadsheet packages
that offer data management and graphical
capabilities in addition to regular spreadsheet
functionality.
Data management. Software that supports the
storage, retrieval, and manipulation of related
data.
Word processing. Software that allows the user
to manipulate text using many writing and
editing features.
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17. WYSIWYG. Acronym for ‘ what you see is what
you get’ (pronounced ‘ wiz-e-wig’, indicating that
text material is displayed on the computer screen
just as it will look on the final printed page.
Desktop publishing software. Software that
enables microcomputers to combined
photographs and graphic images with text, to
produce a finished, camera-ready document.
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18. Graphics software. software that enable the user to
create, store, and display or print charts, graphs,
maps, and drawings.
Presentation graphic software. Software that enables
users to create graphically rich presentations by
“pasting” graphic images into a textual presentation.
Analysis graphic software. Software that provides the
ability to convert previously analyzed data into
graphic formats (e.g. bar charts, pie charts).
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19. Computer aided design (CAD) software
Software that allows designers to design and build
production prototypes in software, test them, compile
parts lists, out-line assembly procedures, and then
transmit the final design directly to machines.
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20. Multimedia software: Software that combines
spatially based media (text and images) with time
based media ( sound and video) for input or output of
data.
Communications software. Software that allows
computers, wherever they are located, to exchange
data via cables, telephone lines, satellite relay
systems, or microwave circuits.
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21. Speech-recognition software: recognizes and
interprets human speech, either one word at a
time (discrete speech) or in a stream
(continuous speech).
Groupware: Software that facilitate
communication, coordination, and collaboration
among people.
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22. TG2.4 Software Issues
Software defects
Alien software
Software evaluation and selection
Software licensing
Software upgrades
Open systems
Open source software
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23. Alien Software
Pestware. Clandestine software that becomes installed
on your PC through duplicitous channels; also called
malware or scumware.
Adware. Software that is designed to facilitate the
propagation of pop-up advertisements on your screen.
Spyware. Software that records your keystrokes and/or
your password.
Spamware. Software designed to use your computer as
a launch pad for spammers.
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24. Software selection factors
Factor Consideration
Size and location of user
base
Dose the proposed software support a few users in a single location? Or
can it accommodate large number or geographically dispersed users?
Availability of system
Administration tools
Dose the software offer tools that monitor system usage? Does it
maintain a list of authorized users and provide the level of security
needed?
Cost: initial and
subsequent
Is the software affordable, taking into account all costs, including
installation training, and maintenance?
System capabilities Dose the software meet both current and anticipated future needs?
Existing computing
environment
Is the software compatible with existing hardware, software and
communications network?
In-house technical skills Should the organization develop software applications in-house,
purchase off the shelf, or contract software out of house?
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25. TG2.5 Programming Languages
Machine Language. The lowest level
programming language, composed of
binary digits.
First-generation language. Machine
language; the level of programming
languages actually understood by CPU.
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26. Assembly language. A lower-level programming
language that is slightly more user-friendly than
machine language.
Second- generation language. Assembly
language; requires that each statement be
translated into machine language through use of
on assembler.
Assembler. A system software program that
translates an assembly language program into
machine language.
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27. Procedural languages. User-oriented programming
languages, which require programmers to specify
step by step how the computer must accomplish a
task.
Third-generation languages. The first level of higher-level
programming languages, which are closer to
natural language and therefore easier for
programmers to use.
Compiler. Software program that translates an entire
high-level language program into object code at
once.
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28. Interpreter. A compiler that translates and
executes one source program statement at a time.
Nonprocedural languages. A type of high-level
language that enables user to specify the desired
result without having to specify the detailed
procedures needed for achieving the result.
Fourth–generation language (4GLs). A type of
high-level programming languages, which can be
used by nontechnical users to carry out specific
functional tasks.
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29. Virtual Programming languages: use a mouse, icons,
symbols on the screen, or pull-down menus to make
programming easier and more intuitive.
Hypertext. An approach to data management in which
data are stored in a network of nodes connected by links
and are accessed through interactive browsing.
Hyperlinks. The links that connect data nodes in
hypertext.
Hypertext document . The combination of nodes, links,
and supporting indexes for any particular topic in
hypertext.
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30. Hypertext markup language (HTML). The standard
programming language used on the Web to create
and recognize hypertext documents.
Dynamic HTML. lets users interact with the
content of richly formatted pages without having to
download additional content from the server.
Cascading style sheet (CSS). An enhancement to
HTML that adds page layout features to web
documents
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31. Extensible Markup Language (XML). A
programming language designed to improve the
functionality of web documents by providing
more flexible and adaptable data identification.
Componentware. A term used to describe
component – based software applications.
Software components. The “building blocks” of
applications, which can be used again and again
by the applications.
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32. Virtual reality modeling Language (VRML).
Programming language that can describe three
dimensional interactive worlds and objects; used
on the web to create three dimensional
representations of complex scenes.
Object- oriented programming (OPP) languages.
Programming language that encapsulate a small
amount of data with instructions about what to
do with data.
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33. Methods. In object- oriented programming, the
instructions about what to do with encapsulated
data objects.
Object. In object- oriented programming the
combination of a small amount of data with the
data.
Encapsulation. In object-oriented programming
the process of creating an object
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34. Reusability feature. Feature of object- oriented
languages that allows classes created for one
purpose to be used in a different object-oriented
program if desired.
Java. Object-oriented programming language,
that gives programmers the ability to develop
applications that work across the Internet.
Applets. Small Java applications that can be
included in an HTML page on the Internet.
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35. Unified modelling language (UML)
A programming language that provides a
common set of notations for object-oriented
software system
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36. TG2.6 Enterprise software
Middleware. Software designed to link
application modules developed in different
computer languages and running on
heterogeneous platforms.
Enterprise software. Software programs that
mange the vital operations of an organization
(enterprise).
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programs or from the use of the information herein.
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