This document discusses software, operating systems, and application software. It defines software as computer instructions or data that can be stored electronically. It explains that operating systems allow other programs to run by performing basic tasks like recognizing input/output and controlling devices. Common types of operating systems include graphical user interfaces, multi-user, multiprocessing, multitasking, and multithreading. Application software includes programs that perform user tasks like games, web browsers, and office productivity software. Application software relies on the operating system to run.

1. Software

2. Software
It means computer
instructions or data. Anything
that can be stored
electronically is software.

3. Difference of a Software Engineer
from a Programmer
While a programmer creates
the codes that make a
program run, a software
engineer creates the designs
the programmer implements.

4. Categories of Software
Software is often divided into
two categories :
Operating System
 Application Software

5. A layer structure
showing where the
operating system software
and application software
are situated while running
on a typical desktop
computer
Operating System and Application
Software

6. Operating System
The Operating System is the
most important program that
runs on a computer. Every
general-purpose computer
must have an operating
system to run other programs.

7. Operating System
Without a
computer operating
system, a computer
and software
programs would be
useless.

8. Operating System

9. Operating System Types
 GUI –Graphical User
Interface
 Multi-user
 Multiprocessing
 Multitasking
 Multithreading

10. Graphical User Interface
A GUI Operating System
contains graphics and icons
and is commonly navigated by
using a computer mouse.
Example :
System7.x,Windows98,

11. Multi-user
A multi-user operating system
allows for multiple users to
use the same computer at the
same time and different times.
Example :Linux, Windows
2000,

12. Multiprocessing
An operating system capable
of supporting and utilizing
more than one computer
processor.
Example :Linux, Windows
2000,

13. Multitasking
An operating system that is
capable of allowing multiple
software processes to run at
the same time.
Example :Unix, Windows
2000

14. Multithreading
Operating systems that allow
different parts of a software
program to run concurrently.
Example :Linux, Windows
2000,
Unix

15. Operating System

16. Basic Tasks of an Operating
System
Recognizing input from the
keyboard
Sending output to the display
screen
Keeping track of files and
directories on the disk
Controlling peripheral devices

17. Applications Software
It is also called end-
user programs.
It includes programs that do
real work for users.
It is the general designation
of computer programs for
performing user tasks.

18. Applications Software
Figuratively
speaking, applications
software sits on top of
systems software
because it is unable
to run without the
operating system

19. Programs of an Applications
Software
Database
Programs
Games
Web Browsers
 Word
Processing
Spreadsheets

20. Categories of an Application
Software
 Vertical Application-designed
for a particular type of
organization.
 Horizontal Application- are the
most popular and widespread in
departments or companies.

21. Conclusion
The operating system itself can be
considered application software when
performing simple
calculating, measuring, rendering, and
word processing tasks that not used to
control hardware via command-line
interface or graphical user interface.
This does not include application
software bundled within operating
systems such as a software