The document discusses two types of muscle weakness and coordination issues: hemiparesis and ataxia. Hemiparesis is weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body, usually caused by trauma, tumors, or stroke. Ataxia is a lack of muscle coordination that can affect movement, speech, and swallowing, and is commonly caused by damage to the cerebellum. Both conditions can be treated through physical therapy, occupational therapy, and adaptive devices to improve strength, range of motion, and daily living skills.

1. The Nervous System
Kaleigh Bishop
Truman College
Biology 120
November 19, 2014

2.  means weakness
 examples include:
-Paresis
 Monoparesis- muscle weakness in one limb
 Hemiparesis- weakness or loss of motion in one side of
the body

3. Hemiparesis
 Can be caused trauma, tumors or stroke
 Injury usually occurs to the pyramidal tract resulting in
either contralateral hemiparesis (opposite side of
injury) or ipsilateral hemiparis (same side of injury)
 According to the National Stroke Association, about
750,000 people suffer from a stroke each year, of
which 80% of these people experience some degree of
hemiparesis

4. Treatment and Rehabilitation
 Physical Therapy- can improve
strength, endurance and range
of motion issues
 Occupational Therapy- can help
people relearn skills for
everyday living and fine motor
skills
 Electrical Stimulation-strengthens
muscles and can
improve range of motion by
sending an electrical impulse to
the muscle making it contract
http://www.cullanlaw.com/hemiparesis.html

5. -Taxia
 means muscle coordination
 example is ataxia, which
means lack of muscle
coordination
 Ataxia can affect movement,
speech and swallowing and
is usually caused by damage
to the cerebellum

6. Causes of Ataxia
Ataxia can be caused by a variety of medical conditions
including:
 alcohol abuse
 stroke
 tumor
 cerebral palsy
 multiple sclerosis
 Less common causes are toxic reaction, vitamin B12 and E
deficiency, chickenpox, paraneoplastic syndromes or it
can be hereditary

7. Treatment
 Depending on the cause of ataxia, it may or may not
be treatable.
 Therapies for ataxia include physical therapy,
occupational therapy, speech therapy
 Adaptive devices such as canes and walkers may be
helpful