The textile industry is the backbone of Pakistan's economy. It involves several processes from spinning raw cotton into yarn, weaving yarn into fabric, and then dyeing, printing, and finishing the fabric. Spinning involves blowing, mixing, carding, combing, and roving cotton fibers before spinning them into yarn. Weaving turns yarn into cloth using a loom. Dyeing and printing impart color, while bleaching removes color. The textile industry provides raw materials to apparel plants that manufacture finished clothing products for distribution and retail.

1. TEXTILE INDUSTRY
OF PAKISTAN

2. • Textile is a term that comes from “texere”
which is a Latin word, that means “to weave”.
• A cloth, especially one manufactured by
weaving or knitting; a fabric.
About Textile

3. • The textile industry is often considered the
backbone of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan’s
economy.
• Pakistan’s textile Industry is the fourth Largest
Cotton Producer.
• 6th largest importer of raw cotton
• The Third largest Consumer
Introduction

4. Value chain of textile
industry
RAW
MATERIAL
TEXTILE PLANTS
SPINING
WEAVING
DYING
PRINTING
BLEACHING
APPAREL
PLANTS
DISTRIB.
CENTRES
RETAIL STORES
CUSTOMERS

5. Process Flow Chart of Textile Manufacturing

Spinning
↓
Weaving
↓
Bleaching+Dyeing +Printing
↓
Garments Manufacturing


6. SPINNING• Spinning is the process of converting fibers
into yarn.
• The fibers maybe natural fibers such as cotton
or man made fibers such as polyester.
• What so ever is the case the final product of
spinning is yarn.

7. SPINNING CONSIST OF
• Blowing and mixing
• Carding
• Combing
• Roving
• Spining
• Winding

8. Blow room
carding

9. ROVING
MACHINE
COMBER
MACHINE

10. RING
SPINNING
MACHINE
WINDING
MACHINE

11. WEAVING
• weaving sector is one of the most important
textile sub sector.
• Weaving is a process which turns yarns into
cloth.
• The machine used for weaving is the loom

12. Weaving comprises on :
•WARPING:Warping is the first step of fabric
manufacturing process. ... In textile language;warping is
defined as the parallel winding of yarn from cone or cheese
package on to a warp beam.
•SIZING:Sizing is the process of applying an
adhesive coating on the surface of the yarn. Sizingis
applied into the yarn mainly to improve the weave
ability of warp yarn by making it more resistant to
action of weaving i.e. absorption, friction, tension &
flexing.

13.  WEAVING:Weaving is a method
of textile production in which two distinct sets of
yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to
form a fabric or cloth. The longitudinal threads
are called the warp and the lateral threads are the
weft or filling.

14. WARPING
MACHINE
WEAVING MACHINE

15. BLEACHING
 Bleaching means the removal of the all color
impurities. Woven and knitwear fabric that
made of wool, cotton and silk are not white
owing to their natural color or
contamination in the preceding process, for
fabric that have to dyed in pure white or any
color, the has to bleached. Bleaching is done
by different methods such as
• Hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)
• Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
• Sodium Chlorite(NaClO2)

16. DYEING
 Dyeing in textiles is a process in which color
is transferred to a
finished textile or textile material (like fibers
and yarns) to add permanent and long-
lasting color. It can be done by hand or by
machine. ... When the textile and the dye
come into contact, the textileis completely
saturated by the dye and colored.

17. Some specific dyeing materials are mentioned for
some fiber materials
 Different dyeing materials are used for different fiber
materials. Various dyeing materials exits, as the fiber
posses different reactive groups due to their chemical
structure
 Cellulose: • Direct Dyes • Vat Dyes • Reactive Dyes •
sulfur dyes
 Wool: • Acid Dyes • Chrome developed dyes
 Polyester: • Disperse dyes

18. Printing
Printing is actually a type of dyeing.
The main difference between printing
and dyeing is that in dyeing the fabric
is given one color only by dipping in
the solution of dye, whereas in
printing different colors are applied
according to the requirement of
design.

19. WEAVING MACHINE

20. PRINTING MACHINE
 For printing usually four types of machines are used.
 • ROLLER PRINTING MACHINE
 • MULTI ROLLER PRINTING MACHINE
 • FLAT BELT PRINTING MACHINE
 • ROTARY PRINTING MACHINE

23. FINISHING DEPARTMENT
In textile
manufacturing, finishing refers to
the processes that convert the woven
cloth into a usable material and more
specifically to any process performed
after dyeing the yarn or fabric to
improve the look, performance, or
"hand" (feel) of the finish textileor
clothing.