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From Elements to 
The Diamond Age 
The past, present and future of textbooks 
Stuart Gannes 
Maker Faire Rome 
October 4, 2014
Euclid’s Elements: 
1,000 years in parchment!
Print beginnings 
1482, Venice 1847, New York
16th-20th Century: 
Rise of classrooms
Researchers knew what was missing 
• Interactivity 
• Communication 
• Collaboration 
• Adaptability 
• Feedback
20th Century experiments 
“Multimedia;” Filmstrips, TV programmed for education
Computer labs 
The purpose is to provide a microcomputer institutional-related 
service to students while on campus. Huh?
1987: A learning breakthrough 
“Before the Web did anything, Hypercard did everything.” 
- Ars Technica
The Diamond Age… 
“The Illustrated Primer is an 
extremely general an powerful 
system capable of more external 
self-reconfiguration than most. 
Remember that a fundamental 
part of its job is to respond to its 
environment. If the owner were to 
take up a pen and write on a 
blank page, this input would be 
thrown into the hopper along with 
everything else, so to speak.” 
-Neal Stephenson , 1995
Online courses circa 1990s: 
Many busts 
• Repurposed content 
• Lack of interactivity 
• Not collaborative 
• No good creation tools
Researchers knew what was missing 
• Interactivity 
• Communication 
• Collaboration 
• Adaptability 
• Feedback
21st Century learning skills
1996: Online tutoring 
Net Tutor - Live help
2006: ’Flipped’ Classroom 
Khan Academy
2008: Adaptive Learning 
Dynamic content presentation
2012: MOOCS 
Massively Open Online Courses
2014: Software-enabled content 
Use computers for what they are designed for
Siri for text books? 
Textbooks with AI reasoning systems 
SRI Project Inquire
21st Century: Report Card 
• Era of experimentation 
• Some progress 
• Limits of online learning 
Promising innovations:
Stay tuned! 
Stuart Gannes 
sgannes@gmail.com

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Textbooks

Editor's Notes

  1. Often called the industrialization of education. Classrooms, fixed seats and teachers
  2. John Dewey, learning by doing
  3. Televisions on wheels
  4. The computer lab always seemed to be grafted on to schools. Ultimately the body rejected the transplant. https://student.uj.ac.za/docs/THE%20PURPOSE%20AND%20LOCATION%20OF%20GENERAL%20MICROCOMPUTER%20LABORATORIES.pdf
  5. Groundbreaking achievement that showed how computers can improve learning.
  6. You became the main character. The lessons were addressed to you. They related to your actual experience. Used voice.