The document discusses text structure, which refers to how information is organized in writing and aids in comprehension and writing effectiveness. It outlines common types of text structures—including description, sequence, cause and effect, compare and contrast, and problem and solution—along with their definitions and examples. Understanding text structure is essential for improving clarity, coherence, and communication in both reading and writing.

1. Understanding Text Structure
The Key to Effective Reading and
Writing
[Your Name]
[Date]

2. What is Text Structure?
• Text structure refers to how information is
organized in writing.
• Understanding text structure helps in
comprehending, analyzing, and creating texts
effectively.

3. Common Types of Text Structures
• • Description
• • Sequence/Chronological Order
• • Cause and Effect
• • Compare and Contrast
• • Problem and Solution

4. Description
• Definition: Provides details about
characteristics, features, and examples.
• Keywords: For example, such as, including,
characteristics are
• Example: The Arctic is a cold, vast, and
desolate region.

5. Sequence/Chronological Order
• Definition: Presents events in a specific order
or timeline.
• Keywords: First, next, then, finally, dates,
times
• Example: The history of the Internet began in
the 1960s with the development of ARPANET.

6. Cause and Effect
• Definition: Shows how one event causes
another event to happen.
• Keywords: Because, since, therefore, as a
result
• Example: Because of the heavy rain, the
football match was postponed.

7. Compare and Contrast
• Definition: Shows similarities and differences
between two or more subjects.
• Keywords: Similarly, likewise, on the other
hand, however
• Example: While both apples and oranges are
fruits, apples are sweet while oranges are
usually more tart.

8. Problem and Solution
• Definition: Presents a problem and then offers
one or more solutions.
• Keywords: Problem, solution, solve, issue,
resolution
• Example: The city's traffic congestion is a
major problem, but introducing a new subway
line could solve it.

9. Why is Understanding Text
Structure Important?
• • Enhances comprehension and retention of
information.
• • Improves writing clarity and coherence.
• • Helps in identifying the author's purpose
and main ideas.

10. How to Apply Text Structure
• • Identify the structure used in texts you read.
• • Use appropriate structures in your own
writing based on the purpose.
• • Practice with exercises to strengthen your
skills.

11. Conclusion
• Understanding text structure is crucial for
effective reading and writing.
• It aids in comprehension, organization, and
communication.
• Practice regularly to master identifying and
using text structures.

12. Questions and Discussion
• • Open the floor for any questions.
• • Encourage discussion about the different
text structures and their applications.