The document provides a comprehensive overview of academic writing, focusing on text structures such as description, problem-solution, sequence, cause-effect, and compare-contrast. It details the importance of these structures for organizing information and enhancing comprehension for readers. Additionally, it includes activities and evaluation questions to help understand and identify different text structures.

1. English for Academic Professional Purposes
Grade 12
TEXT
STRUCTURE

2. review 1.
2.
3.
4.
What is Academic Writing?
What is the similarities of
academic text from non-
academic text?
What are the kinds of
academic text?
What are the rules and
standards in writing an
academic text?

3. Learning OBJECTIVES
define text
structure;
0
1 enumerate the
types of text
structure
0
3 identify the text
structure of a
non-fiction text.
04
use the
appropriate
signal words of
text structure;
and
02

4. What word is it?
xtte

5. Write at least one signal question and one
signal word for each text structure.
✓ Cause & Effect
✓ Compare and Contrast
✓ Sequence
✓ Problem and Solution
✓ Description
activity 1

6. 1. How where you able to figure out the appropriate
signal questions and words of a text structure?
2. For you, which among the text structures are the
most commonly used? Why?
3. In your own words, define text structure.
4. Explain the importance of text structure on the
part of the reader.
analysis

7. What is Text Structure?
Text structure refers to the way an author
arranges information in his writing. Text
structure enables authors to organize their
thoughts as they write. It also helps the
reader as it provides a structure in which
information can be found and understood
while it's being read.
text structure

8. 1. Description – this type of text structure
features a detailed description of something to
give the reader a mental picture.
2. Problem and Solution- this type of structure
sets up a problem or problems, explains the
solution, and then discusses the effects of the
solution.
Types of Text Structure

9. 3. Sequence – this text structure gives readers a
chronological sequence of events or a list of
steps in a procedure.
4. Cause and Effect- this structure presents the
causal relationship between a specific event,
idea, or concept and the events, ideas, or
concepts that follow.
Types of Text Structure

10. 5. Compare and Contrast- this type of text
examines the similarities and differences
between two or more people, events, concepts,
ideas, etc.
Types of Text Structure

11. 5. Compare and Contrast- this type of text
examines the similarities and differences
between two or more people, events, concepts,
ideas, etc.
Types of Text Structure

12. Structure
(Organization)

14. 1. These texts explain something by
highlighting an event and detailing
the results. Science and history texts
often use this structure. Key words
to look for include “because,”
“therefore,” and “why.”
activity 2- identify the text structure

15. 2. These texts organize events in the
order they happened. This structure
is common in current events, history
and in works of fiction or memoir.
Key words include time markers like
“first,” “next,” “then” and “finally.”
activity 2- identify the text structure

16. 3. These texts are basically descriptive, but
deal with two or more topics to highlight
similarities and differences between them.
This structure is useful in all subjects. Key
words include “more,” “less,” “as [adjective]
as,” “than” and “however.”
activity 2- identify the text structure

17. 4. These texts begin by laying out an
issue and then explaining how to solve or
rectify it. This structure is common is science,
math and social studies as well as a wide
range of informative articles. Key words
include “issue,” “problem,” “trouble,” “fix,”
“solve” and “how.”
activity 2- identify the text structure

18. 5. Similar to chronological texts, this
structure puts items in order, but with an eye
to explaining the way something should be
done. This is often seen in lab reports and
how-to pieces. Key words include time
markers like “first,” and “next” as well as
“how” and “why.”
activity 2- identify the text structure

19. Write your own example of text structures using the topic
“The first day of school is always an interesting day.”
 Sequence
 Description
 Compare and Contrast
 Cause and Effect
 Problem and Solution
Activity 3

20. 1.What is a text structure?
2.Why text structure is important?
3.What are the types of text
structure?
4.What are example of signal
words?
Abstraction

21. 1. The words, “instead of” and “as
well as” signal which structure?
A. Description
B. Comparison and Contrast
C. Cause and Effect
D. Problem and Solution
evaluation

22. 2. The question “How does it
work?” signals which text
structure?
A. Description
B. Comparison and Contrast
C. Cause and Effect
D. Problem and Solution
evaluation

23. 3. Commonly used patterns for
text structures include all EXCEPT:
A. Sequence
B. Description
C. Expository
D. Cause and Effect
evaluation

24. 4. Which text structure is an author
using when he/she lists items or events
in numerical or chronological order?
A. Sequence
B. Description
C. Expository
D. Cause and Effect
evaluation

25. 5. Which text structure did the author use in this paragraph?
During the 1918 Pandemic, a lot of people from all over the
world became infected with the H1N1 virus. Because the
cure took long to discover, millions of people all over the
world died.
A. Sequence
B. Description
C. Expository
D. Cause and Effect
evaluation

26. 1. What signal word is used in
comparing two thing?
A. "because of"
B. "such as"
C. "in contrast to"
D. "due to"
INTERVENTION

27. 2. If a text explains how something
works, which structure is it likely using?
A. Description
B. Cause and Effect
C. Sequence
D. Problem and Solution
INTERVENTION

28. 3. Which pattern is NOT commonly used
in text structures?
A. Listing steps
B. Describing a topic
C. Giving an opinion
D. Explaining reasons
INTERVENTION

29. 4. What is the text structure called when
events are described in the order they
happen?
A. Sequence
B. Cause and Effect
C. Description
D. Comparison
INTERVENTION

30. 5. In the following sentence, which text
structure is used? "The heavy rain caused
flooding, which made travel very difficult."
A. Cause and Effect
B. Description
C. Sequence
D. Comparison
INTERVENTION

31. elements