This document discusses various white box and black box software testing techniques. It covers topics like equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, basis path testing, control structure testing, program technique testing, and mutation testing. Specific techniques like partitioning input domains into equivalence classes based on conditions and selecting test cases at boundaries are explained through examples.
Design Test Case Technique (Equivalence partitioning And Boundary value analy...Ryan Tran
At the end of this course, you are going to know:
To provide an approach to design test case.
Understand how to apply equivalence partitioning and boundary to design test case.
Design Test Case Technique (Equivalence partitioning And Boundary value analy...Ryan Tran
At the end of this course, you are going to know:
To provide an approach to design test case.
Understand how to apply equivalence partitioning and boundary to design test case.
As testers, we know that we can define many more test cases than we will ever have time to design, execute, and report. The key problem in testing is choosing a small, “smart” subset from the almost infinite number of tests available that will find a large percentage of the defects. Join Lee Copeland to discover how to design test cases using formal black-box techniques, including equivalence class testing, boundary value testing, decision tables, and state-transition diagrams. Explore examples of each of these techniques in action. Don’t just pick test cases at random. Rather, learn to selectively choose a set of test cases that maximizes your effectiveness and efficiency to find more defects in less time. Then, learn how to use the test results to evaluate the quality of both your products and your testing. Discover the test design techniques that will make your testing more productive.
Black-box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings.
Black box testing, equivalence partitioning, equivalence class partition, ECP, Boundary Value Analysis, BVA, ISTQB Foundation level, Manual Testing, Examples for Equivalence Partitioning, Examples for Boundary value analysis
Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioningSneha Singh
What is Boundary value analysis and Equivalence partitioning?
Border value research and Equivalence dividing, explained with simple example:
Boundary value research and equivalence dividing both are analyze situation style techniques in black box examining.
This presentation provides an overview of such basic terms as "test design" and "test cases", software design testing lifecycle and test design techniques. Next, the focus is set on four black-box techniques, namely Boundary value analysis, Equivalence partitioning, Decision tables and State transition.
This presentation by Tetiana Trushchenko (Test Engineer, Consultant, GlobalLogic), was delivered at GlobalLogic Mykolaiv QA Workshop on July 7, 2018.
Software test management overview for managersTJamesLeDoux
Software test management presentation given to the senior management of several Fortune 100 companies to aid them in planning their software development management efforts.
As testers, we know that we can define many more test cases than we will ever have time to design, execute, and report. The key problem in testing is choosing a small, “smart” subset from the almost infinite number of tests available that will find a large percentage of the defects. Join Lee Copeland to discover how to design test cases using formal black-box techniques, including equivalence class testing, boundary value testing, decision tables, and state-transition diagrams. Explore examples of each of these techniques in action. Don’t just pick test cases at random. Rather, learn to selectively choose a set of test cases that maximizes your effectiveness and efficiency to find more defects in less time. Then, learn how to use the test results to evaluate the quality of both your products and your testing. Discover the test design techniques that will make your testing more productive.
Black-box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings.
Black box testing, equivalence partitioning, equivalence class partition, ECP, Boundary Value Analysis, BVA, ISTQB Foundation level, Manual Testing, Examples for Equivalence Partitioning, Examples for Boundary value analysis
Boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioningSneha Singh
What is Boundary value analysis and Equivalence partitioning?
Border value research and Equivalence dividing, explained with simple example:
Boundary value research and equivalence dividing both are analyze situation style techniques in black box examining.
This presentation provides an overview of such basic terms as "test design" and "test cases", software design testing lifecycle and test design techniques. Next, the focus is set on four black-box techniques, namely Boundary value analysis, Equivalence partitioning, Decision tables and State transition.
This presentation by Tetiana Trushchenko (Test Engineer, Consultant, GlobalLogic), was delivered at GlobalLogic Mykolaiv QA Workshop on July 7, 2018.
Software test management overview for managersTJamesLeDoux
Software test management presentation given to the senior management of several Fortune 100 companies to aid them in planning their software development management efforts.
Black box testing is a technique of software testing which examines the functionality of software without peering into its internal structure or coding.
How do you determine the test coverage of your application per project? Do you have strategies in place? Do you know when to implement methods to examine your test coverage? How do you know enough is enough?
Jay and Jean Ann discuss the meaning of test coverage and use 4 concepts to help determine when "enough is enough" providing approaches on how to discover the data required to make a informed decisions on what to test, where to test, what testing is missing and how much testing is needed based on scope of project. By breaking down the types of coverages, Jay and Jean Ann built some guiding strategies which testers can immediately apply to their testing projects with more confidence in achieving a stronger sense of quality in their efforts. Take back a stronger understanding of test coverage which makes test design more thorough and answers a higher level of quality.
** Presentation given at CAST 2014 by Jay Philips & Jean Ann Harrison
In this session you will learn:
Test Case Design and Techniques
Black-box: Three major approaches
Steps for drawing cause-Effect Diagram:
Behavior Testing
Random Testing
White Box Techniques
Path Testing
Statement Coverage
Data Flow Testing
For more information: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/qa-software-testing-training-for-beginners/
Find out more about quality assurance training and specifically about Test Case Design and Techniques. Topics covered in this session are:
Test Case Design and Techniques
Black-box: Three major approaches
Steps for drawing cause-Effect Diagram:
Behavior Testing
Random Testing
White Box Techniques
Path Testing
Statement Coverage
Data Flow Testing
For more information, visit: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/quality-assurance-training-learn-manual-and-automation-testing/
In this quality assurance training session, you will learn Test case design. Topics covered in this course are:
• Test Case Design and Techniques
• Black-box: Three major approaches
• Steps for drawing cause-Effect Diagram:
• Behavior Testing
• Random Testing
• White Box Techniques
• Path Testing
• Statement Coverage
• Data Flow Testing
To know more, visit this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/software-testing-quality-assurance-qa-training-with-hands-on-exercises/
In this quality assurance training, you will learn Test Case Design and Technique. Topics covered in this session are:
• Test Case Design and Techniques
• Black-box: Three major approaches
• Steps for drawing cause-Effect Diagram:
• Behavior Testing
• Random Testing
• White Box Techniques
• Path Testing
• Statement Coverage
• Data Flow Testing
For more information, visit this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/software-testing-training-beginners-and-intermediate-level/
In this session you will learn:
Test Case Design and Techniques
Black-box: Three major approaches
Steps for drawing cause-Effect Diagram:
Behavior Testing
Random Testing
White Box Techniques
Path Testing
Statement Coverage
Data Flow Testing
For more information, click here:
https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/software-testing-tutorial/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
2. In this presentation…..
Black Box Techniques
Equivalence Partioning
Boundary Value Analysis
White Box Techniques
Basis Path Testing
Control Structure Testing
Program Technique Testing
Mutation Testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
3. Equivalence partitioning
•The input domain is usually too large for exhaustive
testing.
•It is therefore partitioned into a finite number of subdomains for the selection of test inputs.
•Each sub-domain is known as an equivalence class and
serves as a source of at least one test input.
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
4. Equivalence partitioning
Input domain
Input domain
partitioned into four
sub-domains.
2
1
Functional testing
3
4
Too many
test inputs.
Four test inputs, one
selected from each sub-domain.
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
5. How to partition?
•
Inputs to a program provide clues to partitioning.
•
Example 1:
– Suppose that program P takes an input X, X being an integer.
– For X<0 the program is required to perform task T1 and for X>=0
task T2.
Functional testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
6. How to partition?-continued
– The input domain is prohibitively large because X can assume a large
number of values.
– However, we expect P to behave the same way for all X<0.
– Similarly, we expect P to perform the same way for all values of
X>=0.
– We therefore partition the input domain of P into two sub-domains .
Functional testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
7. Two sub-domains
One test case:
X=-3
Equivalence class
Equivalence class
X<0 X>=0
Another test case:
X=-15
Functional testing
All test inputs in the X<0 sub-domain are considered equivalent.
The assumption is that if one test input in this sub-domain reveals
an error in the program, so will the others.
This is true of the test inputs in the X>=0 sub-domain also.
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
8. Non-overlapping partitions
•
In the previous example, the two equivalence classes are non-overlapping.
In other words the two sub-domains are disjoint.
•
When the sub-domains are disjoint, it is sufficient to pick one test input
from each equivalence class to test the program .
•
An equivalence class is considered covered when at least one test has
been selected from it.
Functional testing
•
In partition testing our goal is to cover all equivalence classes.
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
9. Overlapping partitions
•
Example 2:
– Suppose that program P takes three integers X, Y and Z. It is known
that:
• X<Y
• Z>Y
Functional testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
11. Overlapping partition-test selection
•
In this example, we could select 4 test cases as:
– X=4, Y=7, Z=1
– X=4, Y=2, Z=1
satisfies X>=Y
– X=1, Y=7, Z=9
satisfies Z>Y
– X=1, Y=7, Z=2
•
satisfies X<Y
satisfies Z<=Y
Thus, we have one test case from each equivalence class
Functional testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
.
12. Overlapping partition-test selection
•
However, we may also select only 2 test inputs and satisfy all four
equivalence classes:
– X=4, Y=7, Z=1
– X=4, Y=2, Z=3
•
satisfies X<Y and Z<=Y
satisfies X>=Y and Z>Y
Thus, we have reduced the number of test cases from 4 to 2 while
covering each equivalence class.
Functional testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
13. Partitioning using non-numeric data
•
•
In the previous two examples the inputs were integers. One can derive
equivalence classes for other types of data also.
Example 3:
– Suppose that program P takes one character X and one string Y as
inputs. P performs task T1 for all lower case characters and T2 for
upper case characters. Also, it performs task T3 for the null string
and T4 for all other strings.
Functional testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
14. Partitioning using non-numeric data
X: lc, Y: not null
X: UC, Y: not null
X: lc
X:UC
X: lc, Y: null
Functional testing
Y: null Y: not null
X: UC, Y: null
lc: Lower case character
UC: Upper case character
null: null string.
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
15. Non-numeric data
•
•
Once again we have overlapping partitions.
We can select only 2 test inputs to cover all four equivalence classes. These
are:
– X: lower case, Y: null string
– X: upper case, Y: not a null string
Functional testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
16. Guidelines for equivalence partitioning
•
Input condition specifies a range : create one for the valid case and two for
the invalid cases.
– e.g. for a<=X<=b the classes are
• a<=X<=b (valid case)
• X<a and X>b (the invalid cases)
Functional testing
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
17. Guidelines-continued
•
Input condition specifies a value: create one for the valid value and two
for incorrect values (below and above the valid value). This may not be
possible for certain data types, e.g. for Boolean.
•
Input condition specifies a member of a set: create one for the valid
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
value and one for the invalid (not in the set) value
Design Techniques.
.
18. Sufficiency of partitions
•
•
•
In the previous examples we derived equivalence classes based on the
conditions satisfied by the input data.
Then we selected just enough tests to cover each partition.
Think of the advantages and disadvantages of this approach !
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
Design Techniques
19. Boundary value analysis (BVA)
•
•
•
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
Another way to generate test cases is to look for boundary values.
Suppose a program takes an integer X as input.
In the absence of any information, we assume that X=0 is a boundary.
Inputs to the program might lie on the boundary or on either side of the
boundary.
Design Techniques
20. BVA: continued
•
This leads to 3 test inputs:
X=0, X=-20, and X=14.
Note that the values -20 and 14 are on either side of the boundary and are
chosen arbitrarily.
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
•
Notice that using BVA we get 3 equivalence classes. One of these three
classes contains only one value (X=0), the other two are large
Design Techniques
!
21. BVA: continued
•
Now suppose that a program takes two integers X and Y and that x1<=X<=x2
and y1<=Y<=y2.
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
y2
11
8
y1
5
1
2
10
9
12
4
x1
December 20, 2013
14
Design Techniques
13
7
x2
6
3
22. BVA-continued
•
In this case the four sides of the rectangle represent the boundary.
•
The heuristic for test selection in this case is:
Select one test at each corner (1, 2, 3, 4).
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
Select one test just outside of each of the four sides of the boundary
(5, 6, 7, 8)
Design Techniques
23. BVA-continued
• Select one test just inside of each of the four sides of the boundary
(10, 11, 12, 13).
• Select one test case inside of the bounded region (9).
• Select one test case outside of the bounded region (14).
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
How many equivalence classes do we get?
Design Techniques
24. BVA -continued
In the previous examples we considered only numeric data.
BVA can be done on any type of data.
For example, suppose that a program takes a string S and an integer X as inputs.
The constraints on inputs are:
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
length(S)<=100 and a<=X<=b
Can you derive the test cases using BVA?
Design Techniques
25. BVA applied to output variables
Just as we applied BVA to input data, we can apply it to output data.
Doing so gives us equivalence classes for the output domain.
We then try to find test inputs that will cover each output equivalence class.
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
Design Techniques
26. White Box Testing Techniques
It is also called as open box or clear box.
Basis Path Testing
•
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
•
Control Structure Testing
•
Program Technique Testing
•
Mutation Testing
Design Techniques
27. Basis Path Testing
•
Checking for the program running or not from all the possible flows
•
Generate flow graph
•
Calculate Cyclomatic complexity
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
Example
Program
Flow Graph
Cyclomatic complexity
1 + 1 + 1+ 1 = 4
Design Techniques
28. Basis Path Testing
Using this technique programmers can estimate the execution of the program without
any interruption.
•
Step1: Prepare a program with respect to program logic
•
Step2: Prepare Flow Graph of that program
•
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
•
Step3: Calculate cyclomatic complexity
•
Step4: Run that program more than one time to cover all the independent paths
Design Techniques
29. Control Structure Testing
During this testing programmers validate the input and output correctness
Step1: Prepare the program according to the design logic
Step2: Execute the program
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
Step3: Check the input given to the program in all possible ways
Step4: Check the output of the program
Design Techniques
30. Program Technique Testing
•
Using this technique programmers are testing the performance of the program with
different inputs
•
Step1: Prepare the program with respective design logic
•
Step2: Execute the program with different inputs
•
Step3: Calculate the process time
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
•
Step4: If program execution time is not acceptable change the structure of the
program without disturbing the functionality
Design Techniques
31. Mutation Testing
•
Programmers are making changes in the program to estimate the completeness and
correctness of the program
co-sponsered by smackstuff.com
Program
Program
Program
Change
Change
Passed
Failed
Design Techniques