This document provides an overview of test automation using Selenium. It discusses what test automation is, the benefits of automation including frequent regression testing and reducing human effort. It then describes some popular test automation tools before focusing on Selenium. Selenium allows cross-browser testing using various programming languages. It has components like Selenium IDE for recording and editing tests within Firefox, and Selenium Remote Control for distributing tests on a grid. The document provides details on using Selenium IDE, including installing it and recording tests by performing actions on a web application. It also discusses various Selenium commands for clicking, entering values, making selections and adding verifications and assertions to tests.
Selenium is an open source web testing framework that runs automated tests in a browser. It was created by Thoughtworks and consists of Selenium Core, Selenium IDE, Selenium Remote Control, and Selenium on Rails. Selenium allows testing web applications across browsers and platforms and interacts with browser DOM using HTML and JavaScript.
Selenium Presentation at Engineering CollegesVijay Rangaiah
The document discusses Selenium, an open source test automation tool. It provides an overview of Selenium, including its components (Selenium IDE, RC, WebDriver, Grid), benefits, supported browsers/OS, integration with Java and .NET, and a demo of automating tests on http://www.nie.ac.in/. The document also covers test automation frameworks, scripting techniques, and why Selenium is a popular choice for test automation.
This document provides an overview of Selenium, an open source tool for automating web application testing. It discusses key Selenium concepts like Selenese commands, components like actions, assertions, and locators. It also covers the different flavors of Selenium including Selenium IDE for recording tests in Firefox, Selenium RC for executing tests programmatically in various languages, and Selenium Grid for distributed testing. The document aims to help users understand the basics of Selenium and how to get started with test automation.
Selenium is a suite of tools used for browser automation testing. It was introduced in 2004 and is developed using JavaScript. Selenium has four main components: IDE, Remote Control, WebDriver and Grid. It is used to test web applications and can perform functional, regression and load testing. The Selenium IDE records user interactions in the Firefox browser and exports test cases to various languages. It has advantages like being open source and easy to use, but only supports the Firefox browser.
This document provides an overview of test automation using Selenium. It discusses what automated testing is and why it is used. The main advantages of automated testing are that it saves time and money, increases test coverage, and improves accuracy over manual testing. Selenium is then introduced as a popular open source tool for automated testing of web applications. The key components of Selenium include the core library, IDE for recording and playback of tests, remote control for distributing tests across browsers, web drivers for native browser control, and grid for parallel testing across environments.
Selenium is an open source tool used for automating web applications. It was developed in 2004 by Jason Huggins at Thoughtworks. Selenium records and replays actions on a browser. It supports many programming languages and all major browsers. Some key advantages are that it is free, open source, and supports cross-browser testing. Selenium is best for automating web-based functional and regression test cases. It has various components like Selenium IDE, RC, WebDriver, and Grid that facilitate browser automation.
This document provides an overview of Selenium, including what it is, its main components, features, and how it can be used for testing web applications. Selenium is an open source tool for automating web applications that supports many programming languages and browsers. It consists of three main components - Selenium IDE for recording and playback of tests within Firefox, Selenium RC which acts as a server to launch browsers, and Selenium Grid to run tests across multiple browsers and machines in parallel. The document also discusses Selenium commands (Selenese), integrating it with languages like Java, and how it can be used for test case development, execution, and reporting.
Selenium is an open source web testing framework that runs automated tests in a browser. It was created by Thoughtworks and consists of Selenium Core, Selenium IDE, Selenium Remote Control, and Selenium on Rails. Selenium allows testing web applications across browsers and platforms and interacts with browser DOM using HTML and JavaScript.
Selenium Presentation at Engineering CollegesVijay Rangaiah
The document discusses Selenium, an open source test automation tool. It provides an overview of Selenium, including its components (Selenium IDE, RC, WebDriver, Grid), benefits, supported browsers/OS, integration with Java and .NET, and a demo of automating tests on http://www.nie.ac.in/. The document also covers test automation frameworks, scripting techniques, and why Selenium is a popular choice for test automation.
This document provides an overview of Selenium, an open source tool for automating web application testing. It discusses key Selenium concepts like Selenese commands, components like actions, assertions, and locators. It also covers the different flavors of Selenium including Selenium IDE for recording tests in Firefox, Selenium RC for executing tests programmatically in various languages, and Selenium Grid for distributed testing. The document aims to help users understand the basics of Selenium and how to get started with test automation.
Selenium is a suite of tools used for browser automation testing. It was introduced in 2004 and is developed using JavaScript. Selenium has four main components: IDE, Remote Control, WebDriver and Grid. It is used to test web applications and can perform functional, regression and load testing. The Selenium IDE records user interactions in the Firefox browser and exports test cases to various languages. It has advantages like being open source and easy to use, but only supports the Firefox browser.
This document provides an overview of test automation using Selenium. It discusses what automated testing is and why it is used. The main advantages of automated testing are that it saves time and money, increases test coverage, and improves accuracy over manual testing. Selenium is then introduced as a popular open source tool for automated testing of web applications. The key components of Selenium include the core library, IDE for recording and playback of tests, remote control for distributing tests across browsers, web drivers for native browser control, and grid for parallel testing across environments.
Selenium is an open source tool used for automating web applications. It was developed in 2004 by Jason Huggins at Thoughtworks. Selenium records and replays actions on a browser. It supports many programming languages and all major browsers. Some key advantages are that it is free, open source, and supports cross-browser testing. Selenium is best for automating web-based functional and regression test cases. It has various components like Selenium IDE, RC, WebDriver, and Grid that facilitate browser automation.
This document provides an overview of Selenium, including what it is, its main components, features, and how it can be used for testing web applications. Selenium is an open source tool for automating web applications that supports many programming languages and browsers. It consists of three main components - Selenium IDE for recording and playback of tests within Firefox, Selenium RC which acts as a server to launch browsers, and Selenium Grid to run tests across multiple browsers and machines in parallel. The document also discusses Selenium commands (Selenese), integrating it with languages like Java, and how it can be used for test case development, execution, and reporting.
The document discusses automation testing using Selenium. It provides an overview of Selenium, including what it is, its components like Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium Grid, and Selenium WebDriver. It explains the features and advantages of each component. Selenium is an open source tool that allows automated testing of web applications across different browsers and platforms. It supports recording and playback of tests and can help reduce testing time and costs through automation.
This document discusses Selenium, an open source tool used for automating web application testing. It describes Selenium components like Selenium IDE, RC, and WebDriver. Benefits of Selenium include time savings, reduced costs, repeatable tests, and generated reports. Frameworks like modular, data-driven, and keyword-driven are also covered. The document outlines prerequisites, features, benefits to organizations, best practices, and limitations of Selenium.
Selenium is an open source tool for automating web application testing across browsers. It supports recording and playback of test cases and has several components including Selenium IDE, Selenium Remote Control, WebDriver, and Selenium Grid. WebDriver is the successor to Remote Control and allows controlling the browser at the OS level. Tests can be written in various programming languages and are used mainly for regression testing.
Selenium is an open source tool for automating web application testing. It supports recording and playback of test cases in multiple programming languages and browsers. There are four main variants of Selenium: Selenium IDE for recording and playback directly in a browser, Selenium Remote Control for running tests on a Selenium server, Selenium Grid for parallel testing, and Selenium Core which runs tests directly in a browser using JavaScript. Selenium tests can be run on multiple platforms and browsers.
This document provides an overview of Selenium WebDriver. It begins by explaining what Selenium is and that it is used to automate testing of web applications across different browsers. It then discusses the various components of Selenium, including Selenium IDE, Selenium Remote Control (RC), WebDriver, and Selenium Grid. A key section compares WebDriver to Selenium RC, noting that WebDriver has a simpler architecture that controls the browser at the OS level, is faster, and allows for more real-life user interaction compared to RC. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
Automation testing can be performed using Selenium WebDriver which provides advantages like frequent regression testing, rapid feedback to developers, and finding defects missed by manual testing. Selenium has evolved over time, initially starting as a project called WebDriver at Google to solve Selenium's pain points. It now supports various browsers and locators can be used to identify elements on the page for automation.
This document provides an overview of Selenium WebDriver for test automation. It discusses what WebDriver is, its features for controlling browsers, and how it interacts with the Document Object Model (DOM). Locators for finding elements in the DOM are described. An example test task is presented for logging into a web application. The Page Object pattern is introduced as a best practice for organizing WebDriver tests. Code snippets demonstrate low-level WebDriver methods and handling pop-up windows.
Selenium is an open source browser automation tool used for automating web application testing. It supports recording and playback of test cases in multiple programming languages like Java, Python and Ruby. Selenium has several components like Selenium IDE for recording and playing back tests without coding, Selenium RC for running tests on remote machines, and Selenium Webdriver which allows directly controlling browser behavior without relying on external servers. Selenium Grid enables parallel execution of tests on different machines for faster test runs. Selenium is used by many companies for testing web applications and is useful for both functional and regression testing of websites and web apps.
Selenium is a suite of tools for automating web application testing. It originated in 2004 as JavaScript Functional Tester and was later renamed Selenium. Selenium 2 (WebDriver) was developed in 2008 to address limitations of the original Selenium (RC) by communicating directly with browsers instead of through JavaScript. Selenium is composed of several tools including IDE for recording tests, RC for older tests, Grid for distributed testing, and WebDriver as the main automation tool supporting direct browser communication and a variety of programming languages and browsers.
The document provides an introduction to Selenium WebDriver. It discusses the architecture and components of Selenium 1.0 and 2.0. It describes the Selenium WebDriver API for finding elements, performing actions, and handling windows/frames. It also provides an example of creating a test in Java to validate search results on the Rambler website using Selenium WebDriver.
Rajendra Narayan Mahapatra from Mindfire Solutions presented on Selenium automation frameworks. The presentation covered definitions of an automation framework, reasons for using one, and types including modular, data-driven, and hybrid frameworks. Code was provided for fetching test data from an Excel sheet in a data-driven framework. The agenda indicated frameworks would be defined and compared.
TestNG is a testing framework that supports unit testing, integration testing, annotations, parameters, listeners, test groups, and dependencies. It allows specifying before and after methods, data providers, and test run configuration via XML. Key features include annotations for configuring tests, parameters to pass data to tests, listeners to customize test runs, and groups and dependencies to control test order and relationships. TestNG can be run from the command line, Ant, Eclipse, IntelliJ, and is supported in Maven and Ant builds.
This document discusses test automation using Selenium with C# and SharpIDE. It covers creating a Selenium test project in SharpIDE, adding references to the Selenium WebDriver DLLs, using the Firefox developer toolbar to identify page objects, developing C# code using Selenium WebDriver, building and running the test solution. The document provides guidance on setting up a Selenium test automation framework with C# and SharpIDE.
Selenium is an open source tool for automating web application testing. It has three main components: Selenium IDE for recording and playing back tests in Firefox, Selenium Core which runs tests directly in browsers using JavaScript, and Selenium RC which uses a client-server architecture to run tests on a remote Selenium Server that launches different browsers. Selenium supports testing applications in all major browsers on Windows, Mac, and Linux and can be used with programming languages like Java, Python, C#, and Ruby.
This document discusses test automation using Selenium. It provides an overview of Selenium, its components like Selenium IDE and Selenium Remote Control. It describes limitations of Selenium IDE. It then introduces Selenium WebDriver, highlighting its support for cross-browser testing on multiple platforms. It discusses how to set up Selenium and locate elements, providing examples of finding elements by ID, name, and XPath. Finally, it demonstrates verifying a page title using Selenium WebDriver in Java.
This document provides information about Selenium, an open source automated testing tool. It discusses the history and development of Selenium, including the core Selenium library, WebDriver, and various Selenium tools. It describes the Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, WebDriver, and Grid tools. It explains common Selenium commands and locators used in the IDE. Finally, it provides examples of Selenium test scripts written in Java.
(** Selenium Training: https://www.edureka.co/testing-with-selenium-webdriver **)
This ‘Selenium Maven with Eclipse’ PPT by Edureka helps you understand how to implement a Selenium Maven project using the Eclipse IDE. Below topics are covered in this PPT:
Selenium and its features?
Use case of Selenium
Introduction to Maven
Use case of Maven
Introduction to Selenium Maven
Advantages
Use case of Selenium Maven
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This document provides an overview of a Selenium training course. The course is divided into modules covering Selenium User, Practitioner, and Expert topics. The Selenium User module focuses on the basics of Selenium and using the Selenium IDE. It includes exercises for locating elements and writing simple test scripts. The document also provides references and demo websites for practicing Selenium.
This document summarizes a white paper on a Selenium test automation framework integrated with HP Quality Center. The framework provides an overview of its architecture, components, script flow, and benefits. A case study demonstrates how the framework automates train route booking, with steps for login, request creation, form filling, and logout. The framework reduces script development/maintenance efforts and offers benefits like cost savings and integration with third-party tools.
Test automation using selenium presented by Quontra SolutionsQUONTRASOLUTIONS
The document discusses test automation using Selenium. It provides an overview of Selenium and its various components. Some key points:
- Selenium is an open source test automation tool that supports testing of web applications across different browsers. It has various components like Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium Grid etc.
- Selenium IDE allows recording and playback of test cases in Firefox browser. Selenium RC allows executing test cases on different browsers by using a Selenium server.
- The document discusses how to perform various operations like recording, playback, adding validations using Selenium IDE. It also provides steps to convert test cases into different programming languages like Java.
- Eclipse IDE can be used to further enhance the test scripts by adding parameters,
The document discusses automation testing using Selenium. It provides an overview of Selenium, including what it is, its components like Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium Grid, and Selenium WebDriver. It explains the features and advantages of each component. Selenium is an open source tool that allows automated testing of web applications across different browsers and platforms. It supports recording and playback of tests and can help reduce testing time and costs through automation.
This document discusses Selenium, an open source tool used for automating web application testing. It describes Selenium components like Selenium IDE, RC, and WebDriver. Benefits of Selenium include time savings, reduced costs, repeatable tests, and generated reports. Frameworks like modular, data-driven, and keyword-driven are also covered. The document outlines prerequisites, features, benefits to organizations, best practices, and limitations of Selenium.
Selenium is an open source tool for automating web application testing across browsers. It supports recording and playback of test cases and has several components including Selenium IDE, Selenium Remote Control, WebDriver, and Selenium Grid. WebDriver is the successor to Remote Control and allows controlling the browser at the OS level. Tests can be written in various programming languages and are used mainly for regression testing.
Selenium is an open source tool for automating web application testing. It supports recording and playback of test cases in multiple programming languages and browsers. There are four main variants of Selenium: Selenium IDE for recording and playback directly in a browser, Selenium Remote Control for running tests on a Selenium server, Selenium Grid for parallel testing, and Selenium Core which runs tests directly in a browser using JavaScript. Selenium tests can be run on multiple platforms and browsers.
This document provides an overview of Selenium WebDriver. It begins by explaining what Selenium is and that it is used to automate testing of web applications across different browsers. It then discusses the various components of Selenium, including Selenium IDE, Selenium Remote Control (RC), WebDriver, and Selenium Grid. A key section compares WebDriver to Selenium RC, noting that WebDriver has a simpler architecture that controls the browser at the OS level, is faster, and allows for more real-life user interaction compared to RC. The document concludes by thanking the reader.
Automation testing can be performed using Selenium WebDriver which provides advantages like frequent regression testing, rapid feedback to developers, and finding defects missed by manual testing. Selenium has evolved over time, initially starting as a project called WebDriver at Google to solve Selenium's pain points. It now supports various browsers and locators can be used to identify elements on the page for automation.
This document provides an overview of Selenium WebDriver for test automation. It discusses what WebDriver is, its features for controlling browsers, and how it interacts with the Document Object Model (DOM). Locators for finding elements in the DOM are described. An example test task is presented for logging into a web application. The Page Object pattern is introduced as a best practice for organizing WebDriver tests. Code snippets demonstrate low-level WebDriver methods and handling pop-up windows.
Selenium is an open source browser automation tool used for automating web application testing. It supports recording and playback of test cases in multiple programming languages like Java, Python and Ruby. Selenium has several components like Selenium IDE for recording and playing back tests without coding, Selenium RC for running tests on remote machines, and Selenium Webdriver which allows directly controlling browser behavior without relying on external servers. Selenium Grid enables parallel execution of tests on different machines for faster test runs. Selenium is used by many companies for testing web applications and is useful for both functional and regression testing of websites and web apps.
Selenium is a suite of tools for automating web application testing. It originated in 2004 as JavaScript Functional Tester and was later renamed Selenium. Selenium 2 (WebDriver) was developed in 2008 to address limitations of the original Selenium (RC) by communicating directly with browsers instead of through JavaScript. Selenium is composed of several tools including IDE for recording tests, RC for older tests, Grid for distributed testing, and WebDriver as the main automation tool supporting direct browser communication and a variety of programming languages and browsers.
The document provides an introduction to Selenium WebDriver. It discusses the architecture and components of Selenium 1.0 and 2.0. It describes the Selenium WebDriver API for finding elements, performing actions, and handling windows/frames. It also provides an example of creating a test in Java to validate search results on the Rambler website using Selenium WebDriver.
Rajendra Narayan Mahapatra from Mindfire Solutions presented on Selenium automation frameworks. The presentation covered definitions of an automation framework, reasons for using one, and types including modular, data-driven, and hybrid frameworks. Code was provided for fetching test data from an Excel sheet in a data-driven framework. The agenda indicated frameworks would be defined and compared.
TestNG is a testing framework that supports unit testing, integration testing, annotations, parameters, listeners, test groups, and dependencies. It allows specifying before and after methods, data providers, and test run configuration via XML. Key features include annotations for configuring tests, parameters to pass data to tests, listeners to customize test runs, and groups and dependencies to control test order and relationships. TestNG can be run from the command line, Ant, Eclipse, IntelliJ, and is supported in Maven and Ant builds.
This document discusses test automation using Selenium with C# and SharpIDE. It covers creating a Selenium test project in SharpIDE, adding references to the Selenium WebDriver DLLs, using the Firefox developer toolbar to identify page objects, developing C# code using Selenium WebDriver, building and running the test solution. The document provides guidance on setting up a Selenium test automation framework with C# and SharpIDE.
Selenium is an open source tool for automating web application testing. It has three main components: Selenium IDE for recording and playing back tests in Firefox, Selenium Core which runs tests directly in browsers using JavaScript, and Selenium RC which uses a client-server architecture to run tests on a remote Selenium Server that launches different browsers. Selenium supports testing applications in all major browsers on Windows, Mac, and Linux and can be used with programming languages like Java, Python, C#, and Ruby.
This document discusses test automation using Selenium. It provides an overview of Selenium, its components like Selenium IDE and Selenium Remote Control. It describes limitations of Selenium IDE. It then introduces Selenium WebDriver, highlighting its support for cross-browser testing on multiple platforms. It discusses how to set up Selenium and locate elements, providing examples of finding elements by ID, name, and XPath. Finally, it demonstrates verifying a page title using Selenium WebDriver in Java.
This document provides information about Selenium, an open source automated testing tool. It discusses the history and development of Selenium, including the core Selenium library, WebDriver, and various Selenium tools. It describes the Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, WebDriver, and Grid tools. It explains common Selenium commands and locators used in the IDE. Finally, it provides examples of Selenium test scripts written in Java.
(** Selenium Training: https://www.edureka.co/testing-with-selenium-webdriver **)
This ‘Selenium Maven with Eclipse’ PPT by Edureka helps you understand how to implement a Selenium Maven project using the Eclipse IDE. Below topics are covered in this PPT:
Selenium and its features?
Use case of Selenium
Introduction to Maven
Use case of Maven
Introduction to Selenium Maven
Advantages
Use case of Selenium Maven
Follow us to never miss an update in the future.
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/edureka_learning/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/edurekaIN/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/edurekain
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This document provides an overview of a Selenium training course. The course is divided into modules covering Selenium User, Practitioner, and Expert topics. The Selenium User module focuses on the basics of Selenium and using the Selenium IDE. It includes exercises for locating elements and writing simple test scripts. The document also provides references and demo websites for practicing Selenium.
This document summarizes a white paper on a Selenium test automation framework integrated with HP Quality Center. The framework provides an overview of its architecture, components, script flow, and benefits. A case study demonstrates how the framework automates train route booking, with steps for login, request creation, form filling, and logout. The framework reduces script development/maintenance efforts and offers benefits like cost savings and integration with third-party tools.
Test automation using selenium presented by Quontra SolutionsQUONTRASOLUTIONS
The document discusses test automation using Selenium. It provides an overview of Selenium and its various components. Some key points:
- Selenium is an open source test automation tool that supports testing of web applications across different browsers. It has various components like Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, Selenium Grid etc.
- Selenium IDE allows recording and playback of test cases in Firefox browser. Selenium RC allows executing test cases on different browsers by using a Selenium server.
- The document discusses how to perform various operations like recording, playback, adding validations using Selenium IDE. It also provides steps to convert test cases into different programming languages like Java.
- Eclipse IDE can be used to further enhance the test scripts by adding parameters,
Integrating Selenium testing infrastructure into Scala ProjectKnoldus Inc.
This document provides an overview of test automation using Selenium. It discusses the history and components of Selenium, how to install and use Selenium IDE, and how to record and run test cases. Some key points:
- Selenium was created by Jason Huggins to drive interactions with web pages and automatically rerun tests across browsers.
- Selenium IDE allows recording, editing, and replaying tests in Firefox. It can save tests in various formats.
- Test cases can be recorded by performing actions in the application under test within Selenium IDE. Assertions can then be added to scripts.
- Test suites can be created that include multiple test cases, and the entire suite can be run with one click in Selenium IDE
Selenium is a tool for automating web application testing. It provides an API that is easy to understand and maintain. Selenium WebDriver acts like a normal library and is not tied to any particular test framework. Selenium IDE allows recording and playback of user actions on a browser and can convert scripts to languages like Java and Python. It is useful for learning script syntax. Selenium WebDriver supports automation across different browsers while Selenium IDE only works on Firefox.
This document discusses testing web applications using Selenium. It begins by outlining some of the unique challenges of web application testing, including heterogeneous systems with different front-end and back-end components, dynamic pages generated by JavaScript, and security concerns. It then introduces Selenium, an open source tool for automating web application testing. Selenium WebDriver allows testing web applications across browsers and platforms in a programmatic way. The document provides examples of how to use Selenium WebDriver to test a web page, such as verifying the page title. It also discusses challenges like asynchronous behavior that require waiting for elements to load. Finally, it outlines the course project, which involves designing and implementing Selenium tests for adding a new class in the SchoolMate web application
Selenium is a software testing framework for automating tests of Web applications. Join Frank Cohen for a Workshop to learn the basics of Selenium. A screencast for this presentation is on the PushToTest.com Web site.
This document provides an overview of Selenium, an open source tool for automating web application testing. It discusses Selenium's features, components including Selenium IDE, RC, and Grid. It also covers Selenium commands called Selenium and how to perform testing with Selenium by writing reusable scripts and validating applications with conditionals. Selenium allows testing across browsers and OS using different programming languages in a flexible and cost-effective manner compared to other testing tools.
This document discusses test automation using Selenium IDE. It provides an overview of test automation, why and when to automate tests. It then describes Selenium as an open source test automation tool and its key components, including Selenium IDE. Selenium IDE allows recording, editing and replaying tests in Firefox. The document outlines how to install, record and run tests in Selenium IDE. It also describes various Selenium commands for verifications, assertions, waits and storing values that can be used while creating automated test cases in Selenium IDE.
Test automation involves automating manual testing processes using software to control test execution, compare outcomes to predictions, and report results. Selenium is a tool for automating web application testing that supports cross-browser testing and scripting in multiple languages. The Selenium IDE is an integrated development environment for recording, editing, and replaying tests in Firefox using the Selenium scripting language Selenese.
Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin that allows users to record, edit, and replay test cases in Firefox. It provides a simple interface for recording user actions on a web page and inserting verification and assertion commands. Some key features include the ability to save tests in HTML or other formats, automatically add assertions to test pages, and reference recorded commands. Tests can be run and debugged within the IDE or in an external Selenium test runner.
The static keyword in Java denotes that a member variable or method can be accessed without instantiating the class it belongs to. It allows calling a method without creating an object, as it makes the method a class method rather than an object method. Static methods are used for methods that do not need to access object state or only use static fields, like the main method.
The document provides an overview of Selenium IDE, an integrated development environment for automating tests in web browsers like Firefox. Selenium IDE allows users to record, edit, and debug automated tests without needing to know how to program. Tests can be written using HTML tables or traditional programming languages and involve clicking elements, entering text, making selections and validating properties. The IDE provides features like playback controls, logging of test results, and a reference guide for its command syntax. Users can build test cases by recording their actions, adding verification commands via context menus, or direct editing in table or source view.
Selenium is an open source tool used for automating web application testing. It runs tests directly in browsers like Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Internet Explorer. There are four main components of Selenium: Selenium IDE for recording and playing back tests in Firefox; Selenium Remote Control for running robust test suites across browsers and platforms; Selenium Core for running tests on the server hosting the application; and Selenium Grid for distributing tests across multiple machines. Selenium tests are created using commands to simulate user interactions and make assertions about the application's behavior and output.
Softwaretestingtoolsfreeandopensourcefinal 150411221750-conversion-gate01Aravindharamanan S
Software testing is a process, to evaluate the functionality of a software application with an intent to find whether the developed software met the specified requirements or not and to identify the defects to ensure that the product is defect free in order to produce the quality product.
Software testing tools (free and open source)Wael Mansour
This document discusses various tools used for test automation including Cobertura, Selenium, JMeter, Bugzilla, and Testia Tarantula. Cobertura is a code coverage tool that calculates test coverage percentages. Selenium is described as a tool for automating web application testing across browsers. JMeter is introduced as a load testing tool focused on analyzing performance of web applications. Bugzilla and Tarantula are mentioned as tools for bug tracking and project/test management respectively in agile software development. The document also discusses integrating these various tools together for a complete test automation framework.
Software Automation Testing Secrets Revealed-Book Reference
Widely acknowledged one of the best practical guide to software test automation, Narayanan Palani's Automation Labs has been helping freshers write better automation test scripts for the last three years. Now this classic book has been fully updated and revised with leading-testing tools—and hundreds of new script samples—illustrating the art and science of automation testing. Capturing the body of knowledge available from strong professional experience and industry best practices, Palani synthesizes the most effective techniques and must-know principles into clear, pragmatic guidance. No matter what your experience level,test environment, or project size, this book will inform and stimulate your thinking—and help you build the highest quality automation scripts.
Discover the timeless techniques and framework designing methods that help you:
• Design for TestNG,Visual Studio, Jenkins,Excel VBA,Selenium, HP UFT (formerly QTP),Ranorex, RFT and other wide ranged QA Testing Tools.
• Reap the benefits of well built selenium webdriver automation framework!
• Apply powerful programming techniques to build well-estabilished data driven framework,keyword driven framework, hybrid framework,Agile Continuous Integration Automation Framework.
• Exploit opportunities to design Web services based REST/SOAP Automation Frameworks and SQL Automation to validate Database!
• Use construction practices using Object Recognition Technology of test automation tools and capture dynamic web elements.
• Debug problems in software development life cycle to improve testing process using test estimation techniques, tool selection process.
• Build quality automation scripts by understanding the machine learning basics of selenium automation framework
• Resolve automation issues and introduce cucumber, specflow based Behavior Driven Development and Test Driven Development in functional testing.
Selenium is an open source tool used for automating web application testing. It supports cross-browser testing and can run tests on multiple browsers simultaneously. Selenium provides components like Selenium IDE, Selenium Remote Control and Selenium Grid that help in authoring, executing and distributing tests across different environments. Selenium IDE allows recording and playing back tests in Firefox without any programming.
This document provides an overview of Selenium, an open source tool for automating web application testing. It describes Selenium IDE for recording and debugging tests in Firefox, Selenium RC for controlling browsers, and how to install and use Selenium IDE. The document also covers creating and running tests in Selenium IDE, locating elements, and introduces object-oriented programming concepts in Java. It presents TestNG as a testing framework for Java and outlines how to set up TestNG in Eclipse.
This document provides an overview of Selenium IDE, a tool for automating web application testing. It discusses what test automation is, the advantages and disadvantages of automation, and the components of Selenium. It then walks through how to install Firefox, install the Selenium IDE plugin for Firefox, record a test case to validate a login, debug the test case by adding a wait command, and re-run the test. The goal is to demonstrate how to set up Selenium IDE and create a basic test script to automate validating a user can log in correctly.
Selenium IDE is a Firefox add-on that allows users to record, play back, debug and edit automated test scripts for web applications. It provides features like recording user actions, editing test cases, running individual commands or test suites, setting breakpoints and debugging tests. Tests created using Selenium IDE can be exported and run against other browsers using Selenium Remote Control and Selenium Grid.
Test automation involves using software to set test preconditions, control test execution, compare outcomes to predictions, and report results. Selenium is an open source test automation tool that supports cross-browser testing through scripts in languages like Java and Python. Selenium IDE allows recording and playing back tests in Firefox, while Selenium RC allows running tests on multiple browsers through a server.
Selenium provides three main tools for automating web application testing: Selenium IDE, Selenium Core, and Selenium Remote Control (RC). Selenium IDE is a Firefox plugin that allows recording and playback of tests within Firefox. Selenium Core runs tests within a browser but requires the application under test to be hosted on the same server. Selenium RC allows tests to be written in any language and run against remote browsers using a Selenium server.
In this session you will learn:
Installing Selenium IDE
For more information, click here:
https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/software-testing-tutorial/
In this quality assurance training, you will learn Selenium- Installation. Topics covered in this session are:
• Installing Selenium IDE
For more information, visit this link: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/software-testing-training-beginners-and-intermediate-level/
In this session you will learn:
Installing Selenium IDE
For more information: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/quality-assurance/qa-software-testing-training-for-beginners/
This document provides information on Selenium, an open source automated testing framework for web applications. It discusses that Selenium provides record and playback functionality to author tests without coding, supports various programming languages, and works across browsers and platforms. The document also summarizes Selenium IDE, Selenium RC, and Selenium Grid.
Selenium is an open source tool for automating web application testing. There are three main variants: Selenium IDE for recording and playing back tests in Firefox, Selenium Core for running tests on a web server, and Selenium Remote Control (RC) for running tests across browsers from any programming language. Selenium RC requires installing a Java server and client library for the chosen language. Tests are then written in that language and can execute across browsers by starting the server. Selenium IDE provides a simple recording and playback option directly in Firefox but has limited browser support.
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Test Automation
• Test automation is the use of software
To set test preconditions.
To control the execution of tests.
To compare the actual outcomes to predicted
outcomes.
To report the Execution Status.
• Commonly, test automation involves
automating a manual process already in
place that uses a formalized testing
process.
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Why and When To Automate?
• Frequent regression testing
• Repeated test case Execution is required
• User Acceptance Tests
• Faster Feedback to the developers
• Reduce the Human Effort
• Test same application on multiple
environments
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Test Automation Tools
Quick Test Professional By HP
Rational Functional Tester By Rational (IBM Company)
Silk Test By Borland
Test Complete By Automated QA
QA Run (Compuware )
Watir ( Open Source)
Selenium ( Open Source)
Sahi (Open Source)
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Selenium
• Selenium is a robust set of tools that supports
rapid development of test automation for web-
based applications.
• Selenium provides a rich set of testing functions
specifically geared to the needs of testing of a
web application.
• Selenium operations are highly flexible, allowing
many options for locating UI elements and
comparing expected test results against actual
application behavior.
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Selenium Features
• Supports Cross Browser Testing. The
Selenium tests can be run on multiple
browsers.
• Allows scripting in several languages like
Java, C#, PHP and Python.
• Assertion statements provide an efficient
way of comparing expected and actual
results.
• Inbuilt reporting mechanism.
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Selenium IDE
• Selenium IDE is an integrated development
environment for Selenium tests.
• It is implemented as a Firefox extension, and
allows you to record, edit, and replay the test in
firefox
• Selenium IDE allows you to save tests as HTML,
Java, Ruby scripts, or any other format
• It allows you to automatically add assertions to
all the pages.
• Allows you to add selenese commands as and
when required
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Selenium IDE Installation
Using Firefox, first, download the IDE from the
SeleniumHQ downloads page When downloading from
Firefox, you’ll be presented with the Window A. (See
Next Slide)
Select Install Now. The Firefox Add-ons window pops
up, first showing a progress bar, and when the download
is complete, displays the Window B. (See Next Slide)
Restart Firefox. After Firefox reboots you will find the
Selenium-IDE listed under the Firefox Tools menu.
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Selenium Installation
Window A Window B
To run the Selenium-IDE, simply select it from the Firefox Tools menu. It opens
as follows with an empty script-editing window and a menu for loading, or
creating new test cases. (See Next Slide)
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Selenium IDE - UI
Start and Stop
Recording
Selenese
Script
Editor
Selenium Log
Replay
Toolbar
Accessor
Area
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Selenium Options
Selenium Options allow you to
Set The Text Encoding Format
Set the Default Page Time Out
Set The Base URL recording
option
Adding Selenium Core and IDE
Extension
Add Automatic Page Title
Assertions
There are also other options
under development
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Recoding a Selenium Test Case
• Open Firefox that has the IDE installed
• Open the base URL of the application to record.
• Keep the application in a common base state.
• Go To Tools Selenium IDE and the IDE will
be opened
• Now perform the operations on the application
as you are testing the application.
• Once you are done with the recording click on
the stop recording button and save the test case
through the file menu. By default it will be saved
as a selenese script (HTML format)
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General Selenese Commands
clicking a link - click or clickAndWait
commands
entering values - type command
selecting options from a drop-down listbox
- select command
clicking checkboxes or radio buttons - click
command
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Running Your First Selenium Script
• Make sure the application is in the
common base state.
• Click on the run button. Here you can also
control the speed of the execution using
the toolbar
• Once the test is run you can view the test
log in the bottom of the IDE window
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Creating a Test Suite
• In the Selenium IDE you
can create any number of
test cases and save them
as test suite.
• To Run the test Suite click
on the “Play entire test
suite” button as shown
below.
Test Suite with
Test1 & test2
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Playing The test Suite with Test
Runner
Test Runner allows you to run the test case in a browser
loaded with the Selenium-Core TestRunner.
Test runner is invoked by clicking the below Shown
button in the IDE
On Clicking the Test Runner Button you will the
window as seen in the next slide
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Running Options
Run a Test Case
Click the Run button to run the currently displayed test case.
Run a Test Suite
Click the Run All button to run all the test cases in the currently
loaded test suite.
Stop and Start
The Pause button can be used to stop the test case while it is
running. The icon of this button then changes to indicate the
Resume button. To continue click Resume.
Stop in the Middle
You can set a breakpoint in the test case to cause it to stop on a
particular command. This is useful for debugging your test case.
To set a breakpoint, select a command, right-click, and from the
context menu select Toggle Breakpoint.
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Running Options
Start from the Middle
You can tell the IDE to begin running from a specific
command in the middle of the test case. This also is
used for debugging. To set a start point, select a
command, right-click, and from the context menu
select Set/Clear Start Point.
Run Any Single Command
Double-click any single command to run it by itself.
This is useful when writing a single command. It lets
you immediately test a command you are
constructing, when you are not sure if it is correct.
You can double-click it to see if it runs correctly. This
is also available from the context menu.
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Adding Assertions to the Script
• Selenese allows multiple ways of checking for UI
elements.
• Verifications and assertions are used to check if
an element is present somewhere on the page?
specific text is somewhere on the page?
specific text is at a specific location on the page?
• Verifications and assertions are not one and the
same.
• If an assertion fails, the script will be aborted but
if a verification fails the script will continue.
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Verification Commands
verifyTextPresent
This command is used to
check if a particular text is
present in a page or not.
To add this command , While
recording the test steps right
click on the text item that you
want verify. Once right clicked
you can find an option “Show
all commands”. On Clicking it
you will find an option
“verifyTextPresent”, select it
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Verification Commands
verifyTitle
This command is used to
check if the page title is
correct or not.
To add this command ,
While recording the test
steps right click any where
on the page that you want
verify. Once right clicked you
can find an option “Show all
commands”. On Clicking it
you will find an option
“verifyTitle”, select it
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Verification Commands
verifyElementPresent
This command is used to verify
if a page element is present in
the page or not.
To add this command ,
While recording the test
steps right click any
element on the page that
you want verify. Once
right clicked you can find
an option “Show all
commands”. On Clicking
it you will find an option
“verifyElementPresent”,
select it
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Verification Commands
verifyValue
This method is used to check if
edit box has particular value or
if the check box is on.
Basically this method returns
the value of present in the
object.
To add this command , While
recording the test steps right
click any element on the page
that you want verify the value
of. Once right clicked you can
find an option “Show all
commands”. On Clicking it you
will find an option “verifyValue”,
select it.
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Assertions
• Assertions are same as Verifications.
The only difference is, if the assertions
fail the script will abort. But the script
will continue run in case a verification
point fails.
• The steps for inserting the assertions is
same as that of verification point.
• While recording Right Click Show all
commands select an assertion.
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Assertion Statements
assertTextPresent
This will assert if the text is present in the page.
assertText
This will assert if a particular element is having the particular text.
assertTitle
This will assert if the page is having a proper title.
assertValue
This will assert if a Text box or check box has a particular value
assertElementPresent
This will assert if a particular UI Element is present in the page.
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Selenium WaitFor Commands
waitForPageToLoad
This command will make the script to wait till the
page loads.
Syntax is waitForPageToLoad(timeout); Time out
is the maximum time the script will wait for the
page to load.
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Other waitFor Commands
waitForAlert
This command will wait for the alert message to appear
waitForTable
This command will wait for the Web table to completely
load in the page
waitForTitle
This command will for the page Title to appear on the
browser.
Other waitFor commands
Selenium has several other wait command like
waitForText, waitForPopup and so on. These commands
are generically called Synchronization commands
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Store Commands
• Store command are used to fetch the
values from the application and store it in
a variable. These variables can be used
latter for validation purpose.
• The Store command can be used to
retrieve the page title, text from the page
and other attributes from the application.
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Echo Command
• Echo command is
used to print the value
in to the selenium IDS
log.
• When printing a
variable use ${var}
• There are some
limitations for this
methods this has to be
used with caution
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Limitations of Selenium IDE
Can run the test only on Firefox
No Programming login (like loops,
conditional statements) can be applied
Selenium IDE can execute scripts created
in Selenese only.
It is difficult to use Selenium IDE for
checking complex test cases involving
dynamic contents
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Selenium RC
A solution to cross browser testing.
A server, written in Java and so available
on all the platforms.
Acts as a proxy for web requests from
them.
Client libraries for many popular
languages.
Bundles Selenium Core and automatically
loads into the browser
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Installing Selenium RC
Software Required
JDK 1.6 , selenium-remote-control-1.0.3 (this can be
downloaded from http://seleniumhq.org/download/)
Installation Procedure
Selenium RC is simply a jar file and to run it we need
java installed. (JDK 1.6 is preferred)
Once the Java is installed just unzip the selenium-
remote-control-1.0.3. zip which was downloaded from
the selenium site to a directory.
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Selenium Test Automation Process
• First Generate the Script using selenium IDE in the
firefox IDE
• Once the Scripts are recorded add assertions where
ever required
• Now format the Selenese test into the language of your
choice. Please refer to the Image
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Selenium Test Automation Process
• Once the Selenese script is converted into your
preferred language you can you can run them
using Selenium Server.
• For running the script you also need the client
driver for that particular language.
• To enhance the script we will require IDE like
netbeans or Eclipse IDE
• To Integrate the script and run them as a suite
we will require build integration tools like Maven
or Ant.
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Running a Selenese Test on
Different Browsers
Following are the steps to create a selenese test suite
and run a test suite using selenium RC
1) Record a test case using selenium IDE and save it as
“Test1.html” (say).
2) Record another test case using selenium IDE and save its as
“Test3.html” (say).
3) In this way you can record any number of test case using
selenium IDE and save them as <filename>.html
4) Then Create a New Test Suite using the File Menu. See the
Image Below.
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Selenese Suite cont..
Add the created test cases in to the suite as shown
in Image1
Once the test cases are added to the suite save
them as a test suite as in Image2
The Open the command prompt and navigate to
the directory where Selenium RC (server) is
placed.
In the command prompt Enter the command as
shown below.
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Selenese Suite cont..
Command :
java -jar selenium-server.jar
-multiwindow -htmlSuite
"*iexplore"
"https://localhost/bookstore/"
"D:testa.html" "C:results.html“
Once the command is run the
results will be stored in the
results.html file as shown
below.
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Selenium Test Case Development
Using Java
Required Software
Selenium RC Server jar , Selenium Java
Client Driver jar , JDK 1.6 +, Eclipse (or
any other IDE), Junit jar and testng jar
For building the frame work we require
continuous build integration tools like Ant,
Maven or cruise control.
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Client Drivers
Enables communication with Selenium Remote Control
Server.
Functionality of Selenium is exposed via these drivers.
Available in Ruby, Python, Java, C-Sharp …and so on.
Give access to the rich features and libraries of the
language, including their unit testing framework.
Makes it possible to develop automated scripts in the
same language as product.
Which one you should use?
Whatever make sense in your context. Most Popular is java and for
the training we will use java
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Process of Developing Selenium
Java Scripts.
Following are the steps for generating the
test scripts in java
1) Record the Script in Selenium IDE and
format them into Java
2) Create a Selenium Java project in
Eclipse and load all the necessary jar
files
3) Copy the formatted Java code into the
Eclipse and run the test.
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Formatting the recorded script into
Java
Steps of formatting the code into java
1) Open the Browser and open the
base URL of the application.
2) Open the Selenium IDE and start
recoding the test steps.
3) Once the recording is done go to
Menu Options Format
Java(TestNG) –Selenium RC
4) You can see the java code in the
source tab of IDE. Save the test
case with .java extension.
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Setting Up an Eclipse Project for
Selenium Automation
• Eclipse is an open source community whose projects are
focused on building an extensible development platform
for building Java applications and frameworks. Eclipse is
one of the best Java IDE and as a matter of face Eclipse
is much more than a Java IDE.
• We can configure a selenium project in eclipse and even
run the scripts from eclipse.
• Using eclipse its easy to enhance the recorded script.
We can add power to the recorded script by
parameterizing the test inputs and even validate the
back values.
• Eclipse also allows us to write reusable code for efficient
test automation.
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Installing Eclipse
• Download the “Eclipse IDE for Java Developers” from
the http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ page.
• Unzip the downloaded zip file from the above site into a
directory.
• Once the unzipping is over open the folder and double
click on the icon and it will open a dialog box as
shown below.
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Setting up the workspace
• Create a folder say (selenium) in any one of the
directory and change the workspace location to
the directory created by you. Then click ok
button.
• On doing so you will see the eclipse welcome
screen if you are doing it for the first time. On the
welcome screen click on the workbench icon to
open the project explorer.
• When you to try to open the eclipse from next
time it will directly show the project explorer as
shown in the next slide.
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Create a Project In eclipse
• File New
Java Project
• Specify the project name
and click finish
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Adding the required Jars
• Open the folder contain the selenium project that you
have just created. Inside that folder create another folder
with name “lib”
• Inside the lib folder place the following jar files.
junit-4.8.1.jar
selenium-java-client-driver.jar
selenium-server.jar
testng-5.12.jars
After placing the jar file in lib come back to the eclipse
and click on the project explorer strip and press F5. You
should see the all the jar files under the lib folder in the
project explorer as shown in the Image in next slide.
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Creating a package and adding a
class file
• In the eclipse Package
Explorer right click on
the src (source) folder. In
that select New
Package and give a name
to the package. See the
Picture1
• Now right click on the
created package and click
on new class and
provide a class name.
You will see a java script
template as seen in the
next slide
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Eclipse IDE with Java Script
Template
• Your IDE should look like this
This is where you have copy the
Java code that you formatted in the
Selenium IDE
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Adding the Jar files to the class
path
• Right Click on the
Project
• Select Build Path
Configure Build
path
• On the next window
click on the libraries
tab and click on the
add jars tab
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Adding the Jar files to the class
path
• As you click on the add
jars button a window
showing all the jar files
will be opened. Select
all the jar files and click
on ok button
• By doing this step we
are almost ready to
write the script and run
it.
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Creating the test script inside the
class file
• Copy the code that was formatted in the
selenium IDE and paste it in the Eclipse
IDE script template.
• Make sure the class name that you
created and the class name in the script
are same
• Make sure that you have add the methods
setUp and tearDown
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Running the test through Eclipse
• Start the Selenium Server
• For this open the command prompt and go to the folder
where the selenium server is present.
• Run the command “java -jar selenium-server.jar”
• The Selenium server will start running and you can see
the message in the command prompt.
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Running the test through Eclipse
• Once the server is up go to the eclipse and right click on
the script.
• In that select Run As JUnit Test. See the image
below. After this you will get will see that the script has
run successfully in the window that’s shown in the next
slide.
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Components of the Selenium test
Script
setUp method
This method prepares the selenium server to run the
test. This method basically hooks to the selenium server
and opens up the base URL of the application
test*** method
The methods with the name test will actually run the
tests on the application. There can be any number of test
methods in the app
tearDown method
This method will run after the end of the test. This test
will disconnect with the server and makes room for the
next tests to run the tests.
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Enhancing the Selenium
commands
The generated selenium command can be
enhanced by writing java commands.
Using java methods we can do
parameterization and data base validation.
More over java methods can be used for
to perform some complex validations and
testing activities.
The best way to use java methods is used
to is have a Java IDE like eclipse.
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Some Java Basics
Java Data Types
Int, float, String, char, Boolean and double
Declarations
String s = “Selenium”;
Int i = 20;
float cur = 3.35;
Operators
* ,/ ,% ,+, - are the
mathematical operators
* ,/, %, have a higher
precedence than + or -
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Relational Operators
== Equal (careful)
!= Not equal
>= Greater than or equal
<= Less than or equal
> Greater than
< Less than
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Programming Elements
If Condition
if (name != “selenium”)
{
System.out.print(“Tool Changed”);
}
Else
{
System.out.print(“Tool is ok”);
}
Loop n times
for ( i = 0; i < n; n++ )
{
// this code body will execute n times
// I from 0 to n-1
}
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Example 1 – Get the values from the list box and
check if the value “HTML” is present in it
Implementation Steps
1) First get the values from the list box
2) To get the values from the list box or any
other HTML element we need to know its
Xpath. (use Xpath checker)
3) The values taken from the list box are
stored in a variable.
4) Use the indexOf method to find if “HTML”
is present in the extracted variable.
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Parameterization
• Parameterization is to same run the script with
multiple set of data.
• The data will be stored in a CSV file.
• We will have write a program to read the values
from the excel line by line and replace the
values.
• For reading the values from a CSV file we will
require the following packages
import java.io.File;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
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Ant Integration
Ant is a free tool from the Apache Jakarta Group
Originally written by James Duncan Davidson
on an airplane from Europe to the US...
Like ‘make’ for Java – only better
Uses an XML file to drive its action
Extremely powerful and modular
Easily extensible
Written in Java so it is cross platform
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To Integrate with ANT
Download ANT and copy it into any of the
directory
Create a JAVA_HOME environment Variable
Create a ANT_HOME environment variables
Add the ANT bin path to windows path
environment variable
Create a build file to load all the jar files and
create targets to run the selenium tests using
the build file
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Running the ANT selenium task
• Start the selenium server through the command
prompt
• Then go the folder where the selenium tests are
stored
• Make sure that the build.xml file is present in
that location
• Now run the command “ant” from the command
prompt
• You can see the test running and the results will
be saved in the results.txt file.
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Selenium-Grid
Selenium-Grid allows the Selenium-RC solution to scale for test
suites or test suites to be run in multiple environments.
• With Selenium-Grid multiple instances of Selenium-RC are
running on various operating system and browser configurations,
each of these when launching register with a hub. When tests are
sent to the hub they are then redirected to an available Selenium-
RC, which will launch the browser and run the test.
• This allows for running tests in parallel, with the entire test suite
theoretically taking only as long to run as the longest individual
test.
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How to Grid
• Download Selenium Grid latest binary
distribution and unpack it on your computer.
• Go at the root of selenium grid directory and
validate your installation:
cd selenium-grid-1.0
ant sanity-check
Go to the selenium distribution directory and
launch in a new terminal:
ant launch-hub
Check out that the Hub is running by looking at
its console in a browser:
http://localhost:4444/console (See the Browser in the next
slide)
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How to Run
In a new terminal enter the following
command
• ant launch-remote-control
Based on your target file you can run
either in sequence or in parallel
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What's good?
• Relatively easy to automate web UI tests
• Record/Replay for regression tests
• RC allows integration with CI and
JUnit/FitNesse tests
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What's bad?
• Speed: RC->Browser communication is a
speed bottleneck (run in grid, overnight)
• UI is brittle, tests depending on the UI
break a lot (DSTL might fix this, page
abstractions as well)
• Data-backed tests are not easily
repeatable (integrate with DB test engines)
82. Softsmith Infotech
Best practices
• Use Selenium to verify workflow and
session
• Don't put Selenium tests in your main
development build – run them overnight
• Have dedicated machines that run tests
• DON'T THINK OF THIS AS A
REPLACEMENT FOR EXPLORATORY
TESTING!!!