This document discusses a method for summarizing documents in 3 sentences or less. It provides the following summary:
The document discusses techniques for generating concise multi-sentence summaries of texts. It describes extracting essential information from documents, including important entities, events, and relationships. The method aims to concisely summarize the key topics and high-level content of the source material in 3 sentences or fewer.
The document provides specifications for dimensions of center pivot irrigation systems including pipe sizes, span lengths, and measurements for various components. Key dimensions listed are the height from the ground to the center pivot elbow, distances from the elbow to the pivot pad and between bolts. The systems are grouped into categories like compact, standard, heavy duty, and mobile with their corresponding dimension details provided.
The document provides specifications and dimensions for different types of pipe systems including pipe size, span length, and measurements for various components. The specifications include overall system dimensions, center point dimensions for different types of systems, and overhang lengths. Dimensions are provided in both imperial and metric units.
The document discusses various topics using obscure language constructs. It begins by introducing a concept involving "C C" and "BC C". It then provides examples of this concept using strings of letters and symbols that seem to represent different scenarios. The document does not provide clear context or explanations for its content.
RNASeqR: RNA-Seq workflow for case-control studyKuanHaoChao
This R package is designed for case-control RNA-Seq analysis (two-group). There are six steps: "RNASeqRParam S4 Object Creation", "Environment Setup", "Quality Assessment", "Reads Alignment & Quantification", "Gene-level Differential Analyses" and "Functional Analyses". Each step corresponds to a function in this package. After running functions in order, a basic RNASeq analysis would be done easily.
1. The document provides instructions for performing an engine tune up, which includes checking various systems like the cooling, lubrication, fuel and electrical systems.
2. It describes how to perform a compression test to check engine compression and the proper compression levels.
3. The valve clearance should be checked and adjusted if needed since improper clearance can cause issues with valve timing.
This document provides statistics on various topics in three languages from 2016. It reports data on internet usage, mobile phone adoption, economic indicators and more. Some key findings include:
- In 2016, internet usage in the country reached 27.1 million people and mobile phone penetration was at 26.6 per 100 people.
- Mobile phone usage grew but fixed broadband internet declined. The most popular applications were social media, messengers and online video.
- Mobile phone and internet access has expanded across demographics and regions, though a digital divide still exists between urban and rural areas.
This document provides instructions for overhauling a petrol engine. It describes various tools needed for the overhaul including micrometer sets, cylinder gauge sets, and compression test gauges. It also outlines the steps to test compression, remove engine components like the air cleaner and carburetor, and reassemble parts like the camshaft assembly. The goal of the overhaul is to inspect, measure, and replace if needed components like piston rings, valves, bearings, seals and gaskets. Proper measurement and clearance of parts is important for optimal engine performance after reassembly.
Oil film thickness calculation line contact methodErika P
The document summarizes the benefits of a new type of solar panel material in 3 sentences:
A new transparent solar panel material made of organic compounds can generate electricity from both visible light and infrared light, making it more efficient than traditional solar panels. It is flexible and can be used on curved surfaces. The new material has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of solar power generation.
The document provides specifications for dimensions of center pivot irrigation systems including pipe sizes, span lengths, and measurements for various components. Key dimensions listed are the height from the ground to the center pivot elbow, distances from the elbow to the pivot pad and between bolts. The systems are grouped into categories like compact, standard, heavy duty, and mobile with their corresponding dimension details provided.
The document provides specifications and dimensions for different types of pipe systems including pipe size, span length, and measurements for various components. The specifications include overall system dimensions, center point dimensions for different types of systems, and overhang lengths. Dimensions are provided in both imperial and metric units.
The document discusses various topics using obscure language constructs. It begins by introducing a concept involving "C C" and "BC C". It then provides examples of this concept using strings of letters and symbols that seem to represent different scenarios. The document does not provide clear context or explanations for its content.
RNASeqR: RNA-Seq workflow for case-control studyKuanHaoChao
This R package is designed for case-control RNA-Seq analysis (two-group). There are six steps: "RNASeqRParam S4 Object Creation", "Environment Setup", "Quality Assessment", "Reads Alignment & Quantification", "Gene-level Differential Analyses" and "Functional Analyses". Each step corresponds to a function in this package. After running functions in order, a basic RNASeq analysis would be done easily.
1. The document provides instructions for performing an engine tune up, which includes checking various systems like the cooling, lubrication, fuel and electrical systems.
2. It describes how to perform a compression test to check engine compression and the proper compression levels.
3. The valve clearance should be checked and adjusted if needed since improper clearance can cause issues with valve timing.
This document provides statistics on various topics in three languages from 2016. It reports data on internet usage, mobile phone adoption, economic indicators and more. Some key findings include:
- In 2016, internet usage in the country reached 27.1 million people and mobile phone penetration was at 26.6 per 100 people.
- Mobile phone usage grew but fixed broadband internet declined. The most popular applications were social media, messengers and online video.
- Mobile phone and internet access has expanded across demographics and regions, though a digital divide still exists between urban and rural areas.
This document provides instructions for overhauling a petrol engine. It describes various tools needed for the overhaul including micrometer sets, cylinder gauge sets, and compression test gauges. It also outlines the steps to test compression, remove engine components like the air cleaner and carburetor, and reassemble parts like the camshaft assembly. The goal of the overhaul is to inspect, measure, and replace if needed components like piston rings, valves, bearings, seals and gaskets. Proper measurement and clearance of parts is important for optimal engine performance after reassembly.
Oil film thickness calculation line contact methodErika P
The document summarizes the benefits of a new type of solar panel material in 3 sentences:
A new transparent solar panel material made of organic compounds can generate electricity from both visible light and infrared light, making it more efficient than traditional solar panels. It is flexible and can be used on curved surfaces. The new material has the potential to significantly reduce the cost of solar power generation.
Pendidikan Jasmani Suaian (Ahli Jawatankuasa )Hazean Erdawaty
1. Victor Julius is the chairman and Harith Asraf Bin Lamdin is the deputy chairman of the Organizing Committee for the Sports Carnival of SK Tanjung Batu Keramat Tawau Sabah.
2. The secretary is Marsaila Ah Chong and the deputy secretary is Mohd Jeffrey Bin Ibrahim. Jane Stephenie George Sadangkat is the treasurer.
3. The committee members are split into subcommittees for areas such as public relations, documentation, catering, transportation, activities, program book, technical support, and equipment.
Este documento presenta información sobre el sistema operativo Linux. Explica que Linux fue creado por Linus Torvalds como un hobby y ha sido desarrollado de forma colaborativa a través de Internet. La mascota oficial de Linux es Tux, un pingüino. Linux existe en diferentes tipos como distribuciones comerciales, no comerciales y aquellas diseñadas para empresas y el hogar. También compara Linux frente a Windows en aspectos como filosofía, precio, desarrollo, código abierto, estabilidad y seguridad. Finalmente, menc
El programa Aula Althia surgió para fomentar la integración de las TIC entre profesores y alumnos mediante el acceso a ordenadores por persona o grupo reducido. Uno de los problemas es que los profesores deben estar atentos a lo que hacen los alumnos en los ordenadores, y otro problema es el servicio técnico. La Escuela 2.0 proporciona un ordenador por persona, pero uno de sus problemas es el costo económico. Estos programas podrían desaparecer debido a sus altos costos, aunque las TIC siguen
El documento trata sobre un proyecto escolar titulado "Los castillos" realizado por alumnos de 4 años del colegio C.E.I.P "Santos Mártires" durante el curso 2010-2011.
Este documento describe una jornada cardiovascular para empleados que incluye la medición de la tensión arterial, talla, peso e índice de masa corporal para evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular, así como asesoría y recomendaciones personalizadas según los resultados y la posible venta de suplementos naturales. La logística requerida es de 10 minutos por empleado, aunque se podría dictar una charla opcional de 45 minutos sobre el riesgo cardiovascular si la empresa dispone de más tiempo.
El documento discute los nuevos riesgos para la seguridad en las redes sociales, incluyendo la pérdida del control directo sobre la información compartida, funciones automáticas desconocidas por los usuarios novatos, y la gran cantidad de datos personales e historial de actividad que se almacenan. También pregunta cómo estas preocupaciones podrían afectar específicamente la seguridad de los menores en las redes sociales.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang terapi antimikrobia yang merupakan kegiatan untuk menghambat, membasmi, dan menyingkirkan mikrobia. Terapi ini meliputi penggunaan antibiotik, zat kimia, dan cara fisik seperti pemanasan dan penyinaran untuk membunuh berbagai jenis mikroba dan mencegah penyebaran penyakit. Beberapa faktor seperti konsentrasi zat antimikrobia, jumlah populasi mikroba, dan ke
Dokumen tersebut mencoba menjelaskan perkiraan umur dunia dan kehidupan berdasarkan beberapa gambar dan informasi: (1) umur dunia diperkirakan tersisa 177.986 tahun lagi, (2) umur kehidupan diperkirakan tersisa 178.252 tahun lagi, (3) diberikan contoh-contoh tahun penting dalam sejarah umat manusia untuk mendukung perkiraan tersebut.
El vóley playa es una variante del voleibol que se juega en la playa con equipos de dos jugadores. Se diferencia del voleibol tradicional principalmente en que se juega en la arena y con menos jugadores por equipo. Aunque originalmente era un deporte informal, ahora es popular a nivel competitivo e incluso es un deporte olímpico.
Porque si o no a los piercing? la idea es que veas y saques tus conclusiones para poder evaluar costo beneficio y tomar decisiones acertadas para tu salud y tu estética!!!!
1. Dokumen ini membahas tentang analisis psikologi dakwah bagi penyuluh agama di provinsi Maluku.
2. Psikologi dakwah adalah ilmu yang mempelajari kesadaran dan pengalaman manusia dalam berdakwah untuk mencapai kehidupan yang sesuai dengan ajaran agama.
3. Analisis ini bertujuan memahami proses berpikir penyuluh agama dalam berdakwah.
Los aztecas habitaban en la zona central de México, con un clima cálido y tropical. Se organizaban en ciudades-estado gobernadas por un emperador y divididas en grupos sociales como nobles, mercaderes, plebeyos y esclavos. Practicaban una agricultura intensiva en islas artificiales llamadas chinampas y tenían una religión centrada en sacrificios humanos a dioses como Huitzilopochtli y Tezcatlipoca.
The document discusses Spain's dependence on foreign energy, specifically fossil fuels from unstable regions. It proposes establishing a new electricity price competitive system and creating a strategic energy reserve of clean and national fuels like nuclear, hydro, and carbon neutral renewable sources to increase energy independence and security. The plan aims to facilitate industry investments and apply reductions in electricity costs and taxes to benefit consumers while incentivizing a transition to renewable technologies.
The document contains random letters, numbers, and symbols with no discernible meaning or structure. It does not provide any essential information that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less.
Pendidikan Jasmani Suaian (Ahli Jawatankuasa )Hazean Erdawaty
1. Victor Julius is the chairman and Harith Asraf Bin Lamdin is the deputy chairman of the Organizing Committee for the Sports Carnival of SK Tanjung Batu Keramat Tawau Sabah.
2. The secretary is Marsaila Ah Chong and the deputy secretary is Mohd Jeffrey Bin Ibrahim. Jane Stephenie George Sadangkat is the treasurer.
3. The committee members are split into subcommittees for areas such as public relations, documentation, catering, transportation, activities, program book, technical support, and equipment.
Este documento presenta información sobre el sistema operativo Linux. Explica que Linux fue creado por Linus Torvalds como un hobby y ha sido desarrollado de forma colaborativa a través de Internet. La mascota oficial de Linux es Tux, un pingüino. Linux existe en diferentes tipos como distribuciones comerciales, no comerciales y aquellas diseñadas para empresas y el hogar. También compara Linux frente a Windows en aspectos como filosofía, precio, desarrollo, código abierto, estabilidad y seguridad. Finalmente, menc
El programa Aula Althia surgió para fomentar la integración de las TIC entre profesores y alumnos mediante el acceso a ordenadores por persona o grupo reducido. Uno de los problemas es que los profesores deben estar atentos a lo que hacen los alumnos en los ordenadores, y otro problema es el servicio técnico. La Escuela 2.0 proporciona un ordenador por persona, pero uno de sus problemas es el costo económico. Estos programas podrían desaparecer debido a sus altos costos, aunque las TIC siguen
El documento trata sobre un proyecto escolar titulado "Los castillos" realizado por alumnos de 4 años del colegio C.E.I.P "Santos Mártires" durante el curso 2010-2011.
Este documento describe una jornada cardiovascular para empleados que incluye la medición de la tensión arterial, talla, peso e índice de masa corporal para evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular, así como asesoría y recomendaciones personalizadas según los resultados y la posible venta de suplementos naturales. La logística requerida es de 10 minutos por empleado, aunque se podría dictar una charla opcional de 45 minutos sobre el riesgo cardiovascular si la empresa dispone de más tiempo.
El documento discute los nuevos riesgos para la seguridad en las redes sociales, incluyendo la pérdida del control directo sobre la información compartida, funciones automáticas desconocidas por los usuarios novatos, y la gran cantidad de datos personales e historial de actividad que se almacenan. También pregunta cómo estas preocupaciones podrían afectar específicamente la seguridad de los menores en las redes sociales.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang terapi antimikrobia yang merupakan kegiatan untuk menghambat, membasmi, dan menyingkirkan mikrobia. Terapi ini meliputi penggunaan antibiotik, zat kimia, dan cara fisik seperti pemanasan dan penyinaran untuk membunuh berbagai jenis mikroba dan mencegah penyebaran penyakit. Beberapa faktor seperti konsentrasi zat antimikrobia, jumlah populasi mikroba, dan ke
Dokumen tersebut mencoba menjelaskan perkiraan umur dunia dan kehidupan berdasarkan beberapa gambar dan informasi: (1) umur dunia diperkirakan tersisa 177.986 tahun lagi, (2) umur kehidupan diperkirakan tersisa 178.252 tahun lagi, (3) diberikan contoh-contoh tahun penting dalam sejarah umat manusia untuk mendukung perkiraan tersebut.
El vóley playa es una variante del voleibol que se juega en la playa con equipos de dos jugadores. Se diferencia del voleibol tradicional principalmente en que se juega en la arena y con menos jugadores por equipo. Aunque originalmente era un deporte informal, ahora es popular a nivel competitivo e incluso es un deporte olímpico.
Porque si o no a los piercing? la idea es que veas y saques tus conclusiones para poder evaluar costo beneficio y tomar decisiones acertadas para tu salud y tu estética!!!!
1. Dokumen ini membahas tentang analisis psikologi dakwah bagi penyuluh agama di provinsi Maluku.
2. Psikologi dakwah adalah ilmu yang mempelajari kesadaran dan pengalaman manusia dalam berdakwah untuk mencapai kehidupan yang sesuai dengan ajaran agama.
3. Analisis ini bertujuan memahami proses berpikir penyuluh agama dalam berdakwah.
Los aztecas habitaban en la zona central de México, con un clima cálido y tropical. Se organizaban en ciudades-estado gobernadas por un emperador y divididas en grupos sociales como nobles, mercaderes, plebeyos y esclavos. Practicaban una agricultura intensiva en islas artificiales llamadas chinampas y tenían una religión centrada en sacrificios humanos a dioses como Huitzilopochtli y Tezcatlipoca.
The document discusses Spain's dependence on foreign energy, specifically fossil fuels from unstable regions. It proposes establishing a new electricity price competitive system and creating a strategic energy reserve of clean and national fuels like nuclear, hydro, and carbon neutral renewable sources to increase energy independence and security. The plan aims to facilitate industry investments and apply reductions in electricity costs and taxes to benefit consumers while incentivizing a transition to renewable technologies.
The document contains random letters, numbers, and symbols with no discernible meaning or structure. It does not provide any essential information that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less.
The article discusses setting a minimum interprofessional salary in Spain. It references the Spanish Constitution, which recognizes the right to work and a sufficient remuneration to satisfy personal and family needs. The committee considers setting the minimum salary at a level that guarantees a decent standard of living according to the cost of living in Spain and the European Social Charter. The goal is to establish a minimum salary through international treaties that is fair and protects workers and their families from poverty.
Ação Civil Pública do MPSC pedindo melhorias no sistema de tratamento de esgoto do Condomínio Residencial Real Class Villee, em Chapecó. No documento também consta a liminar da justiça sobre o caso.
Gi2c China internships are illegal scams if they do not provide you with a Z visa BEFORE you arrive in China. Read what their many victims say here and at Reddit, scam.com, abroadreviews.com, and realscams.com. Also, visit http://eslwatch.info/forum/china and see what even former Gi2c employees have to say about customers that were arrested and deported.
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The document discusses the formation of a commission of affected parties to address the issues arising from the validity of certain acts during the pandemic. It proposes that the commission be composed of representatives from the administration and affected groups to guarantee the rights of victims and establish responsibilities in a way that leads to reconciliation. The text advocates for maximum participation of affected parties and a solution that goes beyond financial compensation to repair the damage caused to Spaniards.
The document discusses challenges facing important sectors of employment in Spain. It notes tensions between businesses and labor regulations, as well as debates around proposed reforms. Overall it argues for balanced, moderate policies that protect both businesses and workers' rights.
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This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document describes a family with a young daughter and her relationship with her grandmother. The grandmother tells the girl stories and imparts wisdom and life lessons. However, the grandmother passes away, leaving the family and daughter grieving the loss of a beloved matriarch.
and then concisely summarize the essential details from the provided document in 3 sentences or fewer. The document used as an example to summarize is then provided in full text.
1) Regulations require overhead lines to be supported to prevent accidental damage. Support must be sufficient to withstand weather conditions while allowing for high-sided vehicles.
2) Live conductors that are accessible must be insulated or covered to prevent electric shock. Insulated conductors like low-voltage aerial bundled cables may be placed such that they are ordinarily accessible without danger.
3) Developers or other persons erecting buildings or structures near overhead lines must notify the relevant distribution company of their plans. This gives opportunity to make the lines safe before it could become a source of danger due to the proximity of the proposed building or structure.
The document contains a series of short, disjointed sentences in multiple languages including English and Chinese about various topics such as numbers, dates, and places. It does not seem to form a coherent paragraph or convey a clear message on any particular topic.
The President acknowledges the importance of the dairy sector and proposes social and economic measures to support dairy farmers in Spain. These include investing in innovation, improving commercialization, and facilitating access to new markets. However, the EU's agricultural policies also need reform to better protect this strategic sector and ensure the sustainability of dairy production across Europe.
Granted, the Gi2c China internship and job scam is very convincing until you realize that the great testimonials and reviews are fake and a full-time hacker has been deleting all the negative comments about them online. See http://chinascamreport.wordpress.com. If this old post does not convince you try these links the hacker has not been able to delete so far...
http://opnlttr.com/letter/gi2c-reviews-according-google-and-duckduckgocom-china-job-scam-or-legit
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http://opnlttr.com/letter/why-wont-gi2c-and-laowai-career-center-china-answer-simple-and-valid-questions-if-they-are
The document discusses a study on the effects of temperature on plant growth. It contains the following key points:
1. The study examined how temperature affects the growth rates of different plant species. Seedlings were grown at various temperatures and their growth was measured.
2. The results showed that growth rates varied between species and were dependent on temperature. Most plants grew faster at warmer temperatures up to a certain point.
3. Above a certain temperature threshold, extremely high or low temperatures inhibited growth. The optimal temperature range differed for each plant species studied.
This document summarizes key points regarding the regulation of dental services in Spain. It notes that dental care is an important public health problem, and that there is a need to guarantee universal access through a financing system. Currently, dental care is financed through both public and private means. There is a recognition that certain reforms are needed to professional practices and regulations to better serve patients and improve dental health for the population.
The document discusses several Chinese companies, including Ruijie Networks, Hikvision, and iFlytek, that have been accused of human rights abuses and unethical practices. It notes the companies have faced backlash from universities revoking partnerships and employees protesting. The document questions whether these companies should be allowed to operate internship programs on university campuses given these allegations.
The document discusses several topics in 3 paragraphs:
1) It describes a meeting where various issues were discussed, including scheduling conflicts and project delays.
2) It then explains a proposed solution to better coordinate schedules and ensure tasks are completed on time. Regular status updates and communication between teams is emphasized.
3) Finally, it stresses the importance of collaboration and compromise to resolve challenges, suggesting teams work together constructively rather than placing blame. The goal is finding mutually agreeable resolutions.
There is no dubt that the subject of superconducting resonant cavities is a fascinating field both physical and engineering point of view.
The application of superconductivity to the world of resonant cavities has made achievable results unimaginable otherwise.
Independently of the special field of application, superconducting resonant circuits have superior performances compared to roo-temperatire circuits.
However the greatest resource of such devices stays not in the high quality of the results already obtained, but in all potential applications and new ideas that must be still developed.
When hearing about persistent currents recirculating for several year in a superconducting loop without any appreciable decay, we realize that we are dealing with a phenomenon wich in nature is the closest we know to the perpetual motion.
The zero resistivity and the perfect diamagnetism in Mercury at 4.2 K, the discovery of superconducting materials, finally the revolution of the "liquid Nitrogen superconductivity": Nature discloses drop by drop its intimate secrets.
Nobody can exclude that the final surpreise must still come.
The document discusses plans to form an international collaboration to study future circular colliders at CERN, including a 100 TeV proton-proton collider (FCC-hh), a lepton collider (FCC-ee), and a lepton-hadron collider (FCC-he). It outlines initial parameters and opportunities for the superconducting radio frequency (RF) systems, which will need to provide up to 100 MW of continuous wave power to accelerate beams. Key areas of study for the large-scale FCC RF systems include cavity and cryomodule technology, reliability, efficiency, and operational aspects.
This works deals with the A15 compound synthesis on niobium samples and over the
internal surface of niobium cavities by means of induction heating. Specifically, three compounds were studied: Nb3Ga, Nb3Al and Nb-Al-Ga. As for the preparation of the niobium samples, they were treated with BCP solution in order to polish the surface. The niobium cavities were treated with centrifugal tumbling, BCP solution and high pressure water rising. Subsequent, the samples, or cavities, were placed into an inductor controlling the voltage, time, sample position, temperature, type and pressure of gas used. The highest critical temperature
obtained was 18 K and Tc 0,35 K, in Nb-Al-Ga#1 sample by inductive measurement.
Mapping analysis showed the uniform diffusion of aluminum into the niobium, and the gallium diffuses creating channels into niobium. The composition was measured by EDS obtaining (82±1)% wt. Niobium, (11,3±0,9)% wt. Gallium, (4,7±0,2)% wt. Aluminum and (1,9±0,1)% wt. Oxygen. Finally, RF test confirmed that the cavities obtained after the annealing were normal conductive indicating that the preparation parameters must still be optimized.
In questi ultimi anni i problemi energetici e ambientali hanno favorito lo sviluppo di un nuovo settore della ricerca riguardo la produzione di energia pulita sfruttando fenomeni naturali. L'attenzione dei ricercatori è stata catturata dalla possibilità di convertire l'energia solare luminosa
in energia elettrica. Questo processo di conversione, nato nella prima metà del XX secolo, permette di produrre correnti elettriche anche in piccola scala, senza la realizzazione di imponenti impianti industriali e soprattutto senza la produzione si scorie inquinanti. Sono nate così le prime celle solari
a effetto fotovoltaico.
Gli sviluppi hanno portato a diversi risultati e al giorno d'oggi l'energia fotovoltaica ha ormai fatto il suo ingresso nella vita quotidiana. Sia i favori delle industrie, sia l'interesse dei privati cittadini, contribuiscono a espandere questo tipo di ricerca, ottenendo numerosi successi nell'aumento
dell'efficienza di conversione energetica. Dal punto di vista della scienza dei materiali la prima cosa che viene in mente pensando alle celle
fotovoltaiche è il silicio. A tutti gli effetti la maggior parte delle celle sul commercio sono costituite da silicio policristallino, per le sue ottime qualità e proprietà di resa. Tuttavia esistono anche una moltitudine di altri composti, alcuni più recenti di altri, che sono ancora nell'occhio dei ricercatori, un esempio ne sono i recenti foto-materiali organici. Spesso però i costi di realizzazione sono alti per ottenere rese elevate, rendendo così proibitive le realizzazioni su impianti industriali. L'ossido rameoso (Cu2O) è stato uno dei capostipiti dei materiali utilizzati nelle celle fotovoltaiche.
Fin dal suo primo utilizzo nel 1958 esso ha presentato le caratteristiche di semiconduttore necessarie alla realizzazione di impianti fotovoltaici. Rispetto ai sui cugini più nobili, presenta delle efficienze minori, ma anche un costo decisamente più basso. Il rame infatti, da innumerevoli anni, è un elemento largamente sfruttato in tutti i campi dell'elettronica e non solo, e la realizzazione di ossidi specifici non comporta processi troppo complessi o costosi.
La ricerca nel campo dell'ossido rameoso è riuscita a migliorare le sue qualità all'interno del mondo fotovoltaico rendendo possibile la realizzazione di celle solari a costi contenuti.
Per questo motivo il Cu2O è tutt'oggi un materiale in grado di competere nel moderno panorama della ricerca solare fotovoltaica.
Il plasma è un supporto particolarmente attivo dal punto di vista chimico e fisico. In base al modo con cui viene attivato e alla potenza di lavoro, può generare temperature basse o molto elevate e viene definito rispettivamente come plasma freddo o caldo. Quest’ampio range di temperature lo rende adatto a numerose applicazioni tecnologiche: rivestimento di superficie, smaltimento rifiuti, trattamento dei gas, sintesi chimiche, lavorazioni industriali. La maggior parte di queste applicazioni del plasma non sono ancora state industrializzate, sebbene il loro sfruttamento rispetti strettamente le norme sull’inquinamento.
I plasmi caldi (specialmente quelli ad arco) sono ampiamente industrializzati, con particolare diffusione all’interno del settore aereonautico. La tecnologia dei plasmi freddi è stata sviluppata in microelettronica, ma le apparecchiature da vuoto richieste ne limitano l’applicabilità.
Al fine di evitare l’inconveniente associato al vuoto, molti laboratori hanno provato a trasferire a pressione atmosferica processi che attualmente lavorano in vuoto. Le ricerche condotte hanno portato alla scoperta di varie ed innovative sorgenti che verranno descritte in questo elaborato.
Dopo un riassunto sui differenti tipi di plasmi, saranno descritte le varie sorgenti in termini di design, condizioni di lavoro e proprietà del plasma. In seguito l’attenzione sarà spostata sulle varie applicazioni (analisi spettroscopica, trattamento dei gas e processi sui materiali).
The lowest possible surface resistivity and higher accelerating field are the paramount
considerations, hence are obligatory for accelerating cavities. Since, superconducting materials
are used to make radio-frequency cavities for future accelerators. In the case of rf cavities,
superconductors are being used in order to minimize the power dissipated and increase the
figures of merit of a radio-frequency cavity, such as the quality factor and accelerating gradient.
Hence, these could be achieved by improving surface treatment to the cavity, and processing
techniques must be analyzed in order to optimize these figures of merit.
The research work reported in this dissertation mainly carried out on tesla type seamless 6GHz
Nb and Cu cavities. We have developed two innovative techniques: firstly, for mechanical
polishing of cavities, and secondly for purification of these cavities at atmospheric pressure under
cover of 4Helium gas (for protection) and at ultra-high vacuum (UHV) system. These cavities are
fabricated by spinning technology to create seamless cavities.
The main advantages of 6 GHz bulk-Nb cavities are saving cost, materials and time to collect
statistics of surface treatments and RF test in a very short time scale. Cavities are RF tested
before and after high temperature treatment under atmospheric pressure (under cover of inert gas
atmosphere to protect inner and outer surface of cavity) inside transparent quartz tube, and under
UHV conditions. Induction heating method is used to anneal the cavity at temperatures higher
than 2000°C and close to the melting point of Nb for less than a minute while few seconds at
maximum temperature. Before RF test and UHV annealing, the surface treatment processes like
tumbling, chemical, electro-chemical (such as BCP and EP), ultrasonic cleaning and high
pressure rinsing (HPR) have been employed. High temperature treatment for few minutes at
atmospheric pressure allow to reduce hydrogen, oxygen and other elemental impurities, which
effects on cavity Q-factor degradation, hence recovers rf performances of these cavities. This
research work will address these problems and illustrate the importance of surface treatments.
6 GHz spun seamless Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities are a very
useful tool for testing alternative surface treatments in the fabrication of TESLA cavity.
However, the spinning technique has also some drawbacks like contamination, surface
damage in internal part due to the collapsible mandrel line. The first important step of
the surface treatments is the mechanical polishing. For this purpose, a new, cheap, easy
and highly efficient tumbling approach based on vibration was developed.
Before this approach was conceived, a few other methods, such as Turbula,
Centrifugal Barrel Polishing (CBP), custom Zigzag tumbler and “flower brush” have
been studied and tested. But the result was not so satisfactory neither for the low erosion
rate nor for the unstableness of the system nor for the complicated polishing process. At
last, a vibration system with a simple structure, working stably was created after two
experiments.
Another important task of the thesis is to update the optical inspection system for 6
GHz cavities. 3 stepper motors motor was added to move and rotate the cavity and
realized auto focus of the miniature camera. A software was developed to achieve a full
cavity photographed by one key operation using LabVIEW.
A high-efficiency mechanical polishing system is generally judged by two aspects:
one is whether the surface property satisfies the demand after polishing; the other is
whether the erosion rate can reach and be stabilized at a high value which is comparable
or greater than the existing products. The Radio Frequency (RF) test result indicates that
the vibration system is feasible. The latest erosion rate 1 gram/hour i.e. removing 13
microns depth of inner surface materials per hour exceeds the performance of CBP,
which is widely used in other laboratories in the world.
The mechanical polishing process is elaborated and cavities that have been polished
are listed. Several influencing factors on the erosion rate, such as tumbling time, media,
signal and multi-cavities and plate direction are discussed at the end.
A preliminary design of 1.3 GHz vibration system as the future development is
provided for the next plan.
In questo lavoro di tesi verrà presentato un primo prototipo di un mini inceneritore al plasma per la pirolisi dei rifiuti medicali basato sulla tecnologia delle torce al plasma a microonde (MW) con tecnologia domestica a basso costo.
Si inizia con una breve e generale descrizione sulle problematiche dei rifiuti, della loro classificazione e delle norme che ne regolano lo smaltimento. Quindi si parlerà delle norme necessarie per l‟identificazione dei rifiuti medicali ed infine verrà riassunta la modalità di gestione dei rifiuti secondo la normativa in vigore.
Successivamente saranno descritti alcuni metodi di termodistruzione dei rifiuti ospedalieri come la combustione negli inceneritori tradizionali, e alcuni metodi alternativi, come il trattamento al plasma atmosferico, andando ad analizzare vantaggi e svantaggi di ogni tecnologia.
L‟attenzione sarà quindi focalizzata sul plasma atmosferico e sulla descrizione delle sue proprietà. Quindi saranno descritti diversi tipi di plasma atmosferico in base alle condizioni operative di alimentazione e delle loro strutture concentrando le nostre attenzioni verso le torce al plasma atmosferico basate sulle microonde.
Quindi si descriverà la realizzazione di una torcia al plasma atmosferico utilizzando i componenti a basso costo dei normali forni a microonde e con l‟obbiettivo di utilizzare questa torcia sia nel settore industriale che nella ricerca.
Tale torcia, realizzata con componenti commerciali domestici a basso costo, costituirà il cuore del prototipo di mini inceneritore che è stato progettato, realizzato, descritto e testato in laboratorio. Verrà quindi illustrata l‟efficacia di trattamento di materiale rappresentativo di rifiuti medicali come: carta, cotone idrofilo e tessuti organici biologici.
Infine verranno descritte le linee guida per gli sviluppi futuri del prototipo al fine di aumentarne l‟efficienza nel trattamento dei rifiuti, nel recupero dell‟energia derivante dalla combustione dei syn-gas e nella purificazione dei gas da agenti inquinanti.
This document provides a thermo-mechanical design of a high power neutron converter for the SPIRAL2 Facility. It includes 3 key parts:
1. A description of the neutron converter design including the graphite neutron converter, cooling system, delay window, beam collimator, and other components.
2. Analysis of material activation, radiation damage effects, and lifetime considerations for the graphite and other materials used.
3. Thermo-mechanical design calculations for the 50kW and 200kW neutron converters including temperature distributions, stresses, and deformations to validate the design meets specifications. Testing results of graphite evaporation rates, delay window performance, and ball bearing performance are also summarized.
This document is the dissertation of Zhang Yan for the degree of Ph.D. It summarizes his research on sputtering niobium films into RF cavities and sputtering of superconducting V3Si films. The dissertation contains 6 chapters that discuss sputtering techniques for niobium cavities, sputtering niobium films on an RFQ model, co-sputtering and reactive sputtering of V3Si films, and thermal diffusion of V3Si films. The research aimed to develop sputtering methods for producing superconducting coatings on RF cavities and investigate the properties of V3Si films for potential use in superconducting radio frequency applications.
Il forno in alto vuoto della TAV è stato costruito per l’Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare agli inizi degli anni novanta ed è installato presso i Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (PD) nello stabilimento Alte Energie.
E’ stato realizzato in collaborazione con la ditta milanese TAV, che ha sede a Caravaggio (MI), specializzata nella produzione di forni in vuoto. E’ stato così possibile realizzare un forno mai costruito prima e che rispondeva appieno alle esigenze richieste.
Il forno in vuoto allora in uso era un modello a caricamento orizzontale le cui pareti interne e le resistenze erano realizzate in grafite. Da allora il vecchio forno è stato congedato, mentre il nuovo impianto è entrato subito in funzione per eseguire le brasature e i trattamenti termici sulle cavità acceleratici superconduttive a quarto d’onda dell’impianto Alpi.
Da allora fino ad oggi, il nuovo forno è sempre stato operativo, e grazie ad esso è stato possibile realizzare una grande varietà di trattamenti termici e brasature, per le più svariate applicazioni e impieghi.
La tecnologia degli acceleratori di particelle è tradizionalmente un serbatoio da cui attingere per il trasferimento di conoscenze tecniche dall’ambito della ricerca di base all’industria; in questo campo i Laboratori Nazionali de Legnaro dell’Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (LNL – INFN) vantano una lunga esperienza come ente di ricerca di alto livello sia in ambito italiano che internazionale, nello sviluppo di nuove tecniche di accelerazione e nell’applicazione di conoscenze e metodologie tipiche della scienza dei materiali al campo degli acceleratori di particelle. Il master in Trattamenti di superficie applicati a tecnologie meccaniche innovative per l’industria si inserisce in questo contesto e funge da ponte per il trasferimento del bagaglio di conoscenze maturate durante gli anni per il trattamento dei materiali delle cavità acceleratrici a realtà industriali presenti sul territorio nazionale.
Il trattamento superficiale di una cavità acceleratrice superconduttiva è un passaggio fondamentale nella sua realizzazione, in quanto predispone lo strato superficiale del risonatore stesso a sostenere le condizioni di vuoto, temperatura ed alti campi elettrici presenti durante il funzionamento nell’acceleratore; questi trattamenti presuppongono un’approfondita conoscenza della scienza dei materiali ed una robusta preparazione di tipo applicativo oltre che teorico.
Il lavoro di questa tesi prende l’avvio da due istanze fondamentali, cioè
dall’applicazione delle conoscenze fisiche, chimiche e meccaniche apprese nel corso del master e dalla tradizione nello sviluppo di nuove tecniche di accelerazione dei Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro con il fine di realizzare e caratterizzare un nuovo tipo di strutture acceleranti basate sul concetto di cristallo fotonico o photonic band gap (PBG) applicato alle microonde.
Durante questo lavoro si sono quindi realizzati alcuni prototipi di cavità PBG risuonanti a 14 e 6 GHz, in rame ed in niobio superconduttivo, sviluppando un metodo realizzativo che permettesse di evitare il ricorso a costose saldature electron beam; le cavità così realizzate sono state trattate superficialmente adattando il protocollo di trattamento utilizzato per altre cavità costruite nei Laboratori e studiando nuove strade tecniche per la loro finitura superficiale. Infine si è proceduto ad adattare i sistemi criogenici e RF
integrandoli per caratterizzare le cavità costruite.Questo progetto si inserisce in una collaborazione fra i Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro
e la sezione INFN di Napoli, che ha fornito il supporto teorico sulla teoria dei cristalli fotonici applicati agli acceleratori e ha contribuito al progetto delle cavità attraverso le simulazioni dei campi elettromagnetici in cavità; il gruppo di legnaro si è occupato, oltre che della costruzione, dei trattamenti di superficie e delle misure, anche della parte riguardante la superconduttività in Radiofrequenza.
L’obiettivo di questo lavoro consiste nella progettazione e costruzione di un sistema UHV multicamera per la deposizione di film sottili. La tecnica
utilizzata per crescere i ricoprimenti sottili in questo caso è l’arco catodico continuo e pulsato. Questa tecnica permette di depositare film di elevato spessore in tempi estremamente veloci. La sorgente è pressoché puntiforme in confronto allo sputtering ed i film possono essere più spessi e più puri.
L’arc vapour deposition è una tecnica di deposizione di film sottiliche cade nella grande famiglia del PVD. Essa consiste nella vaporizzazione, da un elettrodo, del materiale che si vuole depositare per mezzo di un arco. La tecnica è veloce, efficiente e relativamente poco costosa: di conseguenza è uno dei metodi più usati a livello industriale per ottenere deposizioni di film sottili con ottime proprietà meccaniche.
Negli ultimi anni si stanno effettuando numerose ricerche, sia sperimentali sia
teoriche, al fine di mettere in evidenza come questa tecnica possa essere molto utile per produrre dei film sottili in grado di aumentare le proprietà fisiche e chimiche dei rivestimenti (come ad esempio un aumento della densità, un miglioramento dell’adesione al substrato, della stechiometria dei composti e di ulteriori caratteristiche chimico-fisiche).
In particolare la letteratura russa tratta numerosi esempi di come la tecnica
dell’arco, proprio grazie all’alto grado di ionizzazione dei vapori prodotti, renda possibile la produzione di rivestimenti con determinate proprietà chimico-fisiche e strutturali per particolari condizioni di processo, non altrimenti ottenibili con altre tecniche competitive quali il magnetron sputtering o l’evaporazione tramite electron beam Come si vedrà in
seguito, infatti, l’arc vapour deposition ha il grandissimo vantaggio di controllare non solo la ionizzazione degli atomi che si vogliono depositare, attraverso una combinazione di campi elettrici e magnetici, ma anche l’energia con la quale gli ioni arrivano sul substrato.
Le sorgenti ad arco vengono inoltre utilizzate come sorgenti per LRQ EHDP che
devono produrre elevate densità di corrente.
Nel mondo industriale, infatti, questa tecnica riscuote molto interesse.Il deposito tramite arco catodico è un processo fisico sottovuoto che consente la
crescita di film duri, compatti ed aderenti su un ampio spettro di materiali al di sotto dei 300°C: Il film, estremamente sottile, ha durezze da 1000 a 3500 HV: le applicazioni industriali sono molte e variano dalla ricopertura di utensili da taglio agli tampi per le materie plastiche e lavorazioni meccaniche, da prodotti d’arredamento (maniglie, copri interruttori, pomoli, etc.) a componentistica da bagno (rubinetti, docce, tubi, etc.).
......
Fu una scoperta sensazionale quando Jun Akimitsu e colleghi annunciarono la loro scoperta nel gennaio 2001 che il diboruro di magnesio diveniva superconduttore attorno ai 40 K. L’interesse degli autori era inizialmente rivolto verso il semiconduttore CaB6 , il quale diviene ferromagnetico a seguito di trattamento leggero di doping. La loro intenzione era quella di sostituire parzialmente degli atomi di carbonio con altri di magnesio, omologo come shells elettronici ma più leggero, e gli parve conveniente utilizzare il diboruro di magnesio (ben noto sin dal 1953) per questo scopo.
L’aspetto interessante è che il magnesio diboruro è un composto molto usato nelle reazioni di sintesi del boro, dei borani, o di bururi di metalli di transizione e facilmente reperibile in qualsiasi laboratorio di chimica. E’ dunque facile immaginarsi lo stupore del mondo scientifico quando fu
comunicato che il MgB2 diviene superconduttore a temperature mai raggiunte sino ad allora da sistemi basati su semplici leghe intermetalliche non ossidate. Le fievoli speranze ed il derivante
mitigato interesse che vi era attorno ai superconduttori all’inizio della seconda metà del 1900 era dovuto soprattutto a due figure ....
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.