This document discusses terahertz communication devices. It begins with an introduction to terahertz radiation and its spectrum. Then it provides a brief history of terahertz technology development. It describes some key properties of terahertz waves, such as their ability to penetrate certain materials. Examples of potential terahertz communication devices and applications are mentioned, such as high-speed wireless communication. Finally, it lists some references for further information.

1. Tera hertz communication
device
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
POORNIMA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECNOLOGY,
JAIPUR
A PRESENTATION ON
SUPERVISED BY:
Mr. Gaurav Anand
Mr. Rahul Pandey
(Assistant Professor)
SUBMITTED BY:
-Madhusudhan Agarwal
-Nikhil Suthar
-Vishnu Sharma

2. • INTRODUCTION OF Tera hertz radiation
• SPECTRUM OF T-RAY
• HISTORY
• PROPERTY OF THz
• THz COMMUNICATION DEVICE
• APPLICATIONS
• REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
 Terahertz radiation refers to electromagnetic
waves propagating at frequencies in the
terahertz range.
 Terahertz waves lie at the far end of the
infrared band, just before the start of the
microwave band.
 The T-ray band lies between 0.1 and 10
terahertz (THz).
 1012 Hz = 300 μm = 33.3 cm-1 = 4 meV = 50 Kelvin

4. Terahertz spectrum
1. Terahertz mean trillion cycle per second.
2. Terahertz subset of infrared radiation.

5. History
 Terahertz radiation is emitted as part of the black body radiation
from anything with temperatures greater than about 10 kelvin.
 Mid-2007:- scientists at the U.S. announced the creation of a
compact device that can lead to portable battery-operated
sources of terahertz
radiation which uses high-temperature superconducting crystals.
 In 2008, engineers at Harvard University demonstrated that THz
radiation was
generated by nonlinear mixing of two modes in a mid-infrared
quantum cascade laser.

6. In 2009, T-waves are produced when unpeeling adhesive tape.
In 2011, Japanese electronic parts maker Rohm and a research
team at Osaka
University produced a chip capable of transmitting 1.5 Gbps using
terahertz radiation.
In 2012 scientists from IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON and A*STAR in
SINGAPORE
have shown off a tera hertz antenna that is just 100 nanometers

7. Properties
Terahertz waves can penetrate through materials
opaque to other parts of the EM spectrum.
Ex. Packaging materials - including paper,
cardboard, textiles, plastics, wood, ceramics,
semiconductors, and dried and frozen materials.
Due to its comparatively low photon energy
(4 meV at 1 THz), THz radiation does not initiate
any changes in chemical structure, as opposed to
UV radiation or X-rays for example. Do not subject
a biological tissue to harmful radiation.

8.  Terahertz waves can create images and transmit
information.
 Characteristic properties:-
1. high penetration depth
2. low scattering combined with good spatial
resolution. Resolution of THz wave is 1 mm.
 The unique rotational, vibrational and
translational responses of materials (molecular,
radicals and ions) within the THz range provide
information that is generally absent in optical, x-ray
and NMR images.

11. 3D Scanner
 3D Scanner: is a device that analyzes a real-world
object to collect data on its shape and possibly its appearance. The collected
data can then be used to construct three dimensional models useful for a wide
variety of applications.

12. Tools Needed
 PIC microcontroller.
 Digital camera.
 Laser diode.
 Lenses “to convert laser beam from a point
into straight line”.
 Stepper motors.

13. How does it Works

14. Capturing Images
 First of all we take two images of the object each step first one while the
laser is on, the other one while the laser off. After that we rotate the object,
we repeat these steps for all object(360°).

15. Subtraction
 We subtract the laser image with the one that we took without laser both of
them has been taken from the same view of object. The result image will look
like

16. Threshold
 After subtraction we make thresholding for the image this step is essential
for the next step.

17. Skeletonization
 We shrink the laser line in the image to get the core “the middle region” of
the line.

18. Get Points
 We read the points from the Skeletonized image “by scanning pixels”, and
calculate it’s coordinates.

19. Equations & Calculations
 After we get the points of each image we make a large complex calculations
to find the coordinate of each point in 3-dimentional view.

20. Surface Reconstruction
 Is the process that reconstruct s a surface from its sample points.
 The input can be co-ordinates of the point cloud in 3D and output is a
piecewise linear approximation of the surface

22. Terahertz imaging - new steps toward real-life
applications
 Radiation penetrates many common barrier
materials enabling concealed objects to be seen.
 Wavelengths are short enough to give adequate
spatial resolution for imaging or localization of
threat objects.
 Radiation at these frequencies is non-ionizing and,
at modest intensities, safe to use on people.
Application

23. 1. It's passenger imaging technology, so it allows us to see the
entire image of the passenger's body and anything that might
be hidden on the person”
2. The new technology includes new privacy protection

24. Is it not harmful?

25.  In medical
Terahertz radiation can also detect differences in
water content and density of a tissue. Such methods could
allow effective detection of epithelial cancer with a safer
and less invasive or painful system using imaging. Some
frequencies of terahertz radiation can be used for 3D
imaging of teeth and may be more accurate and safer than
conventional X-ray imaging in dentistry.

29. REFERENCES
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thz
 seminarprojects.com/s/seminar-report-on-Thz
 technopits.blogspot.comtechnology.cgap.org/2012/01/
a-Thz-world
 the-gadgeteer.com/2011/08/Thz

30. AND