Beyond the visible spectrum and line of sight, new trends in spectroscopy and imaging were discussed.
For spectroscopy, developments in terahertz hardware using new materials like GaAsBi and nanoplasmonic structures were expanding the range beyond visible light. Computational trends included compressive sensing and layer separation using pulse features.
Imaging was also moving beyond the line of sight using time-of-flight techniques. Multi-scattering imaging was explained where light takes multiple paths between objects and the sensor. Computational reconstruction methods were outlined to solve the inverse problem of recovering images through diffusers without a direct line of sight.
Miniaturization of hardware was making these new modalities more practical with portable spectrometers and
Terahertz Spectroscopy for the Solid State Characterisation of Amorphous Systemsjaz22_tag
There is a controversy about the extent to which the primary and secondary dielectric relaxations influence the crystallisation of amorphous organic compounds below the glass transition temperature. Recent studies also point to the importance of fast molecular dynamics on picosecond-to-nanosecond time scales with respect to the glass stability. Here we show terahertz (THz) spectroscopy evidence on the crystallisation of amorphous drugs well below their glass transition temperature and confirm the direct role of Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation as a facilitator of the crystallisation. We determine the onset temperature Tβ above which the JG relaxation contributes to the fast molecular dynamics and analytically quantify the level of this contribution. We then show there is a strong correlation between the increase in the fast molecular dynamics and onset of crystallisation in several chosen amorphous drugs. We believe that this technique has immediate applications to quantify the stability of amorphous drug materials.
This document discusses terahertz frequency, which lies between infrared and microwave frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum. It provides a brief history of terahertz science and outlines some key properties, including its ability to penetrate many materials and resolve fine spatial details. The document then describes several applications of terahertz technology, such as security scanning, medical imaging, manufacturing quality control, and astronomy. However, it notes that terahertz equipment remains large and difficult to implement in real-world settings.
This document discusses orthodontic records used by orthodontists to develop treatment plans for patients. It includes photographs, radiographs, and study cast models that are taken at various stages of treatment to monitor progress. The records provide important hidden information beyond what is clinically apparent. A team approach using multiple diagnostic criteria from different sources is recommended to develop the most complete understanding of each patient's orthodontic needs.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document summarizes work on developing radiation hard silicon detectors for the Super Large Hadron Collider (SLHC) experiments and the European XFEL. It discusses (1) research within the CERN RD-50 collaboration and the CEC consortium to develop silicon strip detectors for the upgraded CMS tracker for the SLHC, and (2) development of an adaptive gain integrating pixel detector for the European XFEL through experimental measurements, simulations, and optimization of detector design. Initial measurements of test structures and sensors produced for the CEC consortium show excellent quality.
ConorWilman_Manchester_Investigation of an effective low-cost THz TDS systemConor Wilman
The document summarizes an experiment to design a low-cost THz time-domain spectroscopy system using multimode laser diodes instead of expensive femtosecond lasers. Bowtie antennas were fabricated on low-temperature gallium arsenide and tested with laser diodes, but no THz signal was detected. Possible reasons for failure include low laser power, poor antenna quality, and lack of optimal equipment. The experiment provides a starting point for improving the system by using higher power lasers, better antenna design, and additional equipment in future attempts.
The document discusses PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission), an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. It begins with the basic principle of using charged particles like protons to induce X-ray emission from samples. It then provides a brief history of the development of the technique from early experiments in the 1910s to its establishment as a powerful multi-element analytical method by the 1970s. The rest of the document covers the instrumentation, analytical process, applications, and new developments of PIXE.
Terahertz Spectroscopy for the Solid State Characterisation of Amorphous Systemsjaz22_tag
There is a controversy about the extent to which the primary and secondary dielectric relaxations influence the crystallisation of amorphous organic compounds below the glass transition temperature. Recent studies also point to the importance of fast molecular dynamics on picosecond-to-nanosecond time scales with respect to the glass stability. Here we show terahertz (THz) spectroscopy evidence on the crystallisation of amorphous drugs well below their glass transition temperature and confirm the direct role of Johari-Goldstein (JG) secondary relaxation as a facilitator of the crystallisation. We determine the onset temperature Tβ above which the JG relaxation contributes to the fast molecular dynamics and analytically quantify the level of this contribution. We then show there is a strong correlation between the increase in the fast molecular dynamics and onset of crystallisation in several chosen amorphous drugs. We believe that this technique has immediate applications to quantify the stability of amorphous drug materials.
This document discusses terahertz frequency, which lies between infrared and microwave frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum. It provides a brief history of terahertz science and outlines some key properties, including its ability to penetrate many materials and resolve fine spatial details. The document then describes several applications of terahertz technology, such as security scanning, medical imaging, manufacturing quality control, and astronomy. However, it notes that terahertz equipment remains large and difficult to implement in real-world settings.
This document discusses orthodontic records used by orthodontists to develop treatment plans for patients. It includes photographs, radiographs, and study cast models that are taken at various stages of treatment to monitor progress. The records provide important hidden information beyond what is clinically apparent. A team approach using multiple diagnostic criteria from different sources is recommended to develop the most complete understanding of each patient's orthodontic needs.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document summarizes work on developing radiation hard silicon detectors for the Super Large Hadron Collider (SLHC) experiments and the European XFEL. It discusses (1) research within the CERN RD-50 collaboration and the CEC consortium to develop silicon strip detectors for the upgraded CMS tracker for the SLHC, and (2) development of an adaptive gain integrating pixel detector for the European XFEL through experimental measurements, simulations, and optimization of detector design. Initial measurements of test structures and sensors produced for the CEC consortium show excellent quality.
ConorWilman_Manchester_Investigation of an effective low-cost THz TDS systemConor Wilman
The document summarizes an experiment to design a low-cost THz time-domain spectroscopy system using multimode laser diodes instead of expensive femtosecond lasers. Bowtie antennas were fabricated on low-temperature gallium arsenide and tested with laser diodes, but no THz signal was detected. Possible reasons for failure include low laser power, poor antenna quality, and lack of optimal equipment. The experiment provides a starting point for improving the system by using higher power lasers, better antenna design, and additional equipment in future attempts.
The document discusses PIXE (particle-induced X-ray emission), an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of materials. It begins with the basic principle of using charged particles like protons to induce X-ray emission from samples. It then provides a brief history of the development of the technique from early experiments in the 1910s to its establishment as a powerful multi-element analytical method by the 1970s. The rest of the document covers the instrumentation, analytical process, applications, and new developments of PIXE.
Spectroscopy is the study of the quantized interaction of energy with the matter. In the electromagnetic spectrum, there are radiations of different energy which lead to a wide range of spectroscopy techniques like UV-Vis, Infrared, NMR etc. The spectral range from around 3.3 cm-1 to 333.6 cm-1 was mostly unexplored before 30 years and known as “terahertz gap” due to unavailability of Terahertz (THz) generators and detectors but in the last two decades, this has emerged as a field of great potential and various applications like THz imaging, chemical analysis and molecular spectroscopy, applications in biology, medicines, protein analysis and pharmaceuticals, in solid state where it can be an alternative to XRD, NMR, DSC, in radio astronomy, in environmental control, in explosive detection. The combination of all these applications falls under THz spectroscopy.
This document discusses terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and its applications. It begins by defining THz frequencies and outlining some established applications, including fundamental molecular studies, laboratory astrophysics, and remote sensing. It then discusses two promising new applications - imaging for analytical chemistry and communications technology. The document also covers THz physics concepts like energy levels, temperature effects, and linewidths. It provides examples of THz spectroscopy applications for studying gases and solids. Overall, the document promotes THz spectroscopy as an emerging field with significant opportunities but also challenges to address, such as efficient power generation and detection methods.
Terahertz technology utilizes radiation in the far-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum between microwaves and infrared for applications such as security screening and medical imaging. It can penetrate various materials while being non-ionizing. Commercial terahertz imaging and spectroscopy systems are now available. However, development of high power portable sources at room temperature remains a challenge. Promising source techniques include photoconductive antennas, quantum cascade lasers, and upconversion of radio frequencies. Broadband pulsed sources have relatively high output but are not continuous wave. Narrowband sources such as gas and semiconductor lasers provide lower power and require cooling or tuning.
This document discusses terahertz communication devices. It begins with an introduction to terahertz radiation and its spectrum. Then it provides a brief history of terahertz technology development. It describes some key properties of terahertz waves, such as their ability to penetrate certain materials. Examples of potential terahertz communication devices and applications are mentioned, such as high-speed wireless communication. Finally, it lists some references for further information.
Physics of Nuclear Medicine, SPECT and PET.pptHassan Chattha
This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine imaging techniques including SPECT and PET. It discusses the basics of gamma cameras and how they form images using collimators. SPECT imaging is described including data acquisition in projections, reconstruction using filtered back projection, and corrections for attenuation and scatter. PET imaging concepts such as coincidence detection, time-of-flight, and the need for corrections for randoms, scatter, and attenuation are covered. The document compares the relative sensitivities, resolutions, and data corrections between SPECT and PET.
Medical Imaging - Opportunities for Business Seminar
24/01/12
Session 2 Technology Showcase
Three technologies developed or enhances at the University of Leicester are presented
Lasers in the Undergraduate Laboratory: Precision Measurement for the MassesChad Orzel
This document discusses how lasers can be used in undergraduate laboratories to teach precision measurement techniques. It provides a brief history of lasers and their applications in medicine, industry, and science. Specifically, it describes how three "cheap and easy" laser experiments - measuring the speed of light, measuring the index of refraction of air, and laser spectroscopy of rubidium - can introduce students to real precision measurement techniques like lunar laser ranging, LIGO, and atomic clocks. It argues that while undergraduate experiments can't achieve the same precision as professional labs, they can provide students with the basic concepts. Resources for setting up these experiments are also provided.
2019-06-07 Characterization and research of semiconductors with an FTIR spect...LeonidBovkun
2019-06-07 Educational seminar at EP-3 University of Wuerzburg
I will present particular experiments and related results with FTIR spectrometer, so one may consider these experiments complimentary for you research.
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including:
1. The history and timeline of MRI development from the 1920s to present day. Key developments include the discoveries of nuclear magnetic resonance and techniques for generating MRI images using gradients.
2. The basic components and principles of how MRI works including strong magnets, gradient coils, radiofrequency coils, spin precession, relaxation times, and Fourier transforms to generate images.
3. Explanations of fundamental MRI sequences including T1-weighted, T2-weighted images and how contrast is achieved using repetition time and echo time.
4. Clinical applications of MRI including its advantages over other imaging modalities as well as some disadvantages and
In this study, the development of Terahertz technology from past years to today, as well as the information and working principle about Terahertz technology are explained. In addition, various usage areas are given. Also the main topics are given below.
The general principles of the Terahertz Technology.
What is the Terahertz?
How can we generate the THz?
How can we detect it ?
Application areas of Terahertz technology
If there is a place you do not understand please contact me. (Mail, social media)
I hope you like. Please like and comment.
Terahertz spectroscopy involves generating and detecting terahertz radiation in the frequency range between 0.1-10 THz. The document discusses the history and development of terahertz spectroscopy from the first terahertz images generated in 1960 to recent advances. It describes common methods for terahertz generation and detection, including terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Applications discussed include measuring aging damage in polymers, detecting glass transitions in materials, and identifying chemicals and biological samples based on their terahertz fingerprints. Limitations include strong water absorption and reflection by metals.
Gulyaev Yuri physical fields and radiations of a humanigorod
The document summarizes a seminar given by Acad. Prof. Yuri V. Gulyaev on new non-invasive medical diagnostic methods using physical fields and radiations emitted from the human body. It discusses how precise measurements of infrared, microwave, optical and acoustic radiations as well as electric and magnetic fields can provide information on the functioning of physiological systems and be used for early medical diagnosis before pathological changes occur. Specific diagnostic examples using remote thermography, magnetocardiography, electroimpedance tomography and laser analysis of breath samples are presented. The seminar highlights the importance of functional tomography techniques that allow doctors to monitor organ function in vivo for preventative medicine and treatment monitoring.
Terahertz (T-ray) techniques for measuring, profiling, and mapping of semiconductor features and doping concentration of via a T-ray volume imaging route, deep-level spectroscopy, and empirical modeling; and application thereof for semiconductor doping concentration thickness profiling and surface mapping for both undoped and doped semiconductors.
Distributed Data Processing using Spark by Panos Labropoulos_and Sarod Yataw...Spark Summit
Spark can help with distributed data processing for radio astronomy in three key ways:
1. It allows for in-memory distributed processing of very large datasets across clusters in a fault-tolerant manner, avoiding unnecessary data movement. This is crucial for processing the exabytes of data expected from projects like the Square Kilometer Array.
2. Spark supports iterative algorithms well through its Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs) abstraction, which is important for techniques like calibration and deconvolution.
3. Spark can implement consensus-based distributed optimization algorithms to help with calibration, allowing information to be collectively optimized from data distributed across a network.
Computed tomography (CT) provides cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays. CT has evolved through several generations with advances in technology. Modern multi-detector CT allows acquisition of multiple slices simultaneously, reducing scan time. Helical or spiral CT involves continuous table movement and X-ray rotation, allowing whole organ or body coverage with minimal artifacts. Pitch relates the table speed to beam width and affects radiation dose and anatomic coverage. CT has advantages over conventional radiography including better contrast resolution and ability to distinguish between tissues.
Computed tomography (CT) uses rotating X-rays and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body. CT provides advantages over conventional radiography like distinguishing between tissues with similar densities and detecting differences as small as 0.5% contrast. Modern CT systems use multiple detector rows to acquire multiple slices simultaneously during each rotation, improving coverage and reducing scan time. Advanced techniques like multiplanar reformation and 3D rendering provide additional diagnostic information from CT images. Artifacts can arise from factors like the helical acquisition and differences between detector rows.
The potential of terahertz imaging for cancer diagnosisZahid Qaisar
This document reviews the potential of terahertz (THz) imaging and spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis. It begins with an introduction to THz radiation and the unique properties that make it suitable for medical applications, such as its non-ionizing nature. The document then discusses the principles and techniques of THz imaging and spectroscopy, including continuous wave and pulsed systems. It reviews investigations of THz imaging and spectroscopy for detecting various cancer types like skin, breast, cervical, and colon cancer. The document concludes that THz imaging could help combine macroscopic and microscopic imaging to better delineate cancer margins due to THz radiation's sensitivity to water and structural changes caused by cancer.
The facility is a multi-instrument laboratory costing £4.5 million housing instruments for structure determination, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and calorimetry. It is free for university staff, students, and postdocs to use and aims to provide a centralized location for analytical chemistry run by academic experts. Key instruments include NMR spectrometers, X-ray diffractometers, mass spectrometers, thermal analyzers, and spectroscopy equipment for applications like protein structure analysis, materials characterization, and metabolic profiling. Limited technical support is currently provided for the NMR and mass spec instruments.
This document provides information about the components of a CT scan system. It describes the console room, examination room, and control room. The console room contains graphic monitors, keyboards, mice, and computers. The examination room houses the patient table and gantry, which contains the x-ray tube, generators, detector array, and data acquisition system. The control room includes AC plants and UPS to provide backup power. The document then discusses the components in more detail, including monitors, computers, the patient table, gantry, x-ray tube, collimators, detectors, generators, slip rings, and data acquisition system.
Spectroscopy is the study of the quantized interaction of energy with the matter. In the electromagnetic spectrum, there are radiations of different energy which lead to a wide range of spectroscopy techniques like UV-Vis, Infrared, NMR etc. The spectral range from around 3.3 cm-1 to 333.6 cm-1 was mostly unexplored before 30 years and known as “terahertz gap” due to unavailability of Terahertz (THz) generators and detectors but in the last two decades, this has emerged as a field of great potential and various applications like THz imaging, chemical analysis and molecular spectroscopy, applications in biology, medicines, protein analysis and pharmaceuticals, in solid state where it can be an alternative to XRD, NMR, DSC, in radio astronomy, in environmental control, in explosive detection. The combination of all these applications falls under THz spectroscopy.
This document discusses terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and its applications. It begins by defining THz frequencies and outlining some established applications, including fundamental molecular studies, laboratory astrophysics, and remote sensing. It then discusses two promising new applications - imaging for analytical chemistry and communications technology. The document also covers THz physics concepts like energy levels, temperature effects, and linewidths. It provides examples of THz spectroscopy applications for studying gases and solids. Overall, the document promotes THz spectroscopy as an emerging field with significant opportunities but also challenges to address, such as efficient power generation and detection methods.
Terahertz technology utilizes radiation in the far-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum between microwaves and infrared for applications such as security screening and medical imaging. It can penetrate various materials while being non-ionizing. Commercial terahertz imaging and spectroscopy systems are now available. However, development of high power portable sources at room temperature remains a challenge. Promising source techniques include photoconductive antennas, quantum cascade lasers, and upconversion of radio frequencies. Broadband pulsed sources have relatively high output but are not continuous wave. Narrowband sources such as gas and semiconductor lasers provide lower power and require cooling or tuning.
This document discusses terahertz communication devices. It begins with an introduction to terahertz radiation and its spectrum. Then it provides a brief history of terahertz technology development. It describes some key properties of terahertz waves, such as their ability to penetrate certain materials. Examples of potential terahertz communication devices and applications are mentioned, such as high-speed wireless communication. Finally, it lists some references for further information.
Physics of Nuclear Medicine, SPECT and PET.pptHassan Chattha
This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine imaging techniques including SPECT and PET. It discusses the basics of gamma cameras and how they form images using collimators. SPECT imaging is described including data acquisition in projections, reconstruction using filtered back projection, and corrections for attenuation and scatter. PET imaging concepts such as coincidence detection, time-of-flight, and the need for corrections for randoms, scatter, and attenuation are covered. The document compares the relative sensitivities, resolutions, and data corrections between SPECT and PET.
Medical Imaging - Opportunities for Business Seminar
24/01/12
Session 2 Technology Showcase
Three technologies developed or enhances at the University of Leicester are presented
Lasers in the Undergraduate Laboratory: Precision Measurement for the MassesChad Orzel
This document discusses how lasers can be used in undergraduate laboratories to teach precision measurement techniques. It provides a brief history of lasers and their applications in medicine, industry, and science. Specifically, it describes how three "cheap and easy" laser experiments - measuring the speed of light, measuring the index of refraction of air, and laser spectroscopy of rubidium - can introduce students to real precision measurement techniques like lunar laser ranging, LIGO, and atomic clocks. It argues that while undergraduate experiments can't achieve the same precision as professional labs, they can provide students with the basic concepts. Resources for setting up these experiments are also provided.
2019-06-07 Characterization and research of semiconductors with an FTIR spect...LeonidBovkun
2019-06-07 Educational seminar at EP-3 University of Wuerzburg
I will present particular experiments and related results with FTIR spectrometer, so one may consider these experiments complimentary for you research.
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including:
1. The history and timeline of MRI development from the 1920s to present day. Key developments include the discoveries of nuclear magnetic resonance and techniques for generating MRI images using gradients.
2. The basic components and principles of how MRI works including strong magnets, gradient coils, radiofrequency coils, spin precession, relaxation times, and Fourier transforms to generate images.
3. Explanations of fundamental MRI sequences including T1-weighted, T2-weighted images and how contrast is achieved using repetition time and echo time.
4. Clinical applications of MRI including its advantages over other imaging modalities as well as some disadvantages and
In this study, the development of Terahertz technology from past years to today, as well as the information and working principle about Terahertz technology are explained. In addition, various usage areas are given. Also the main topics are given below.
The general principles of the Terahertz Technology.
What is the Terahertz?
How can we generate the THz?
How can we detect it ?
Application areas of Terahertz technology
If there is a place you do not understand please contact me. (Mail, social media)
I hope you like. Please like and comment.
Terahertz spectroscopy involves generating and detecting terahertz radiation in the frequency range between 0.1-10 THz. The document discusses the history and development of terahertz spectroscopy from the first terahertz images generated in 1960 to recent advances. It describes common methods for terahertz generation and detection, including terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Applications discussed include measuring aging damage in polymers, detecting glass transitions in materials, and identifying chemicals and biological samples based on their terahertz fingerprints. Limitations include strong water absorption and reflection by metals.
Gulyaev Yuri physical fields and radiations of a humanigorod
The document summarizes a seminar given by Acad. Prof. Yuri V. Gulyaev on new non-invasive medical diagnostic methods using physical fields and radiations emitted from the human body. It discusses how precise measurements of infrared, microwave, optical and acoustic radiations as well as electric and magnetic fields can provide information on the functioning of physiological systems and be used for early medical diagnosis before pathological changes occur. Specific diagnostic examples using remote thermography, magnetocardiography, electroimpedance tomography and laser analysis of breath samples are presented. The seminar highlights the importance of functional tomography techniques that allow doctors to monitor organ function in vivo for preventative medicine and treatment monitoring.
Terahertz (T-ray) techniques for measuring, profiling, and mapping of semiconductor features and doping concentration of via a T-ray volume imaging route, deep-level spectroscopy, and empirical modeling; and application thereof for semiconductor doping concentration thickness profiling and surface mapping for both undoped and doped semiconductors.
Distributed Data Processing using Spark by Panos Labropoulos_and Sarod Yataw...Spark Summit
Spark can help with distributed data processing for radio astronomy in three key ways:
1. It allows for in-memory distributed processing of very large datasets across clusters in a fault-tolerant manner, avoiding unnecessary data movement. This is crucial for processing the exabytes of data expected from projects like the Square Kilometer Array.
2. Spark supports iterative algorithms well through its Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs) abstraction, which is important for techniques like calibration and deconvolution.
3. Spark can implement consensus-based distributed optimization algorithms to help with calibration, allowing information to be collectively optimized from data distributed across a network.
Computed tomography (CT) provides cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays. CT has evolved through several generations with advances in technology. Modern multi-detector CT allows acquisition of multiple slices simultaneously, reducing scan time. Helical or spiral CT involves continuous table movement and X-ray rotation, allowing whole organ or body coverage with minimal artifacts. Pitch relates the table speed to beam width and affects radiation dose and anatomic coverage. CT has advantages over conventional radiography including better contrast resolution and ability to distinguish between tissues.
Computed tomography (CT) uses rotating X-rays and computer processing to create cross-sectional images of the body. CT provides advantages over conventional radiography like distinguishing between tissues with similar densities and detecting differences as small as 0.5% contrast. Modern CT systems use multiple detector rows to acquire multiple slices simultaneously during each rotation, improving coverage and reducing scan time. Advanced techniques like multiplanar reformation and 3D rendering provide additional diagnostic information from CT images. Artifacts can arise from factors like the helical acquisition and differences between detector rows.
The potential of terahertz imaging for cancer diagnosisZahid Qaisar
This document reviews the potential of terahertz (THz) imaging and spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis. It begins with an introduction to THz radiation and the unique properties that make it suitable for medical applications, such as its non-ionizing nature. The document then discusses the principles and techniques of THz imaging and spectroscopy, including continuous wave and pulsed systems. It reviews investigations of THz imaging and spectroscopy for detecting various cancer types like skin, breast, cervical, and colon cancer. The document concludes that THz imaging could help combine macroscopic and microscopic imaging to better delineate cancer margins due to THz radiation's sensitivity to water and structural changes caused by cancer.
The facility is a multi-instrument laboratory costing £4.5 million housing instruments for structure determination, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and calorimetry. It is free for university staff, students, and postdocs to use and aims to provide a centralized location for analytical chemistry run by academic experts. Key instruments include NMR spectrometers, X-ray diffractometers, mass spectrometers, thermal analyzers, and spectroscopy equipment for applications like protein structure analysis, materials characterization, and metabolic profiling. Limited technical support is currently provided for the NMR and mass spec instruments.
This document provides information about the components of a CT scan system. It describes the console room, examination room, and control room. The console room contains graphic monitors, keyboards, mice, and computers. The examination room houses the patient table and gantry, which contains the x-ray tube, generators, detector array, and data acquisition system. The control room includes AC plants and UPS to provide backup power. The document then discusses the components in more detail, including monitors, computers, the patient table, gantry, x-ray tube, collimators, detectors, generators, slip rings, and data acquisition system.
1. Beyond the visible: A tour to
future of spectroscopy and
imaging
Barmak Heshmat
Dr. Ramesh Raskar
Dr. C. Barsi
1
2. The big picture
• Beyond the visible/IR spectrum (THz spec.)
– New hardware trends
– New computational trends
• Beyond the line of sight (multihop imaging)
– Seeing around the corners
– Seeing through the diffusers
• Beyond the resolvable (subwavelength imaging)
– New hardware trends(course p1)
– New computational trends(course p2)
2
4. Wave of spectrometers
• They were all there in the lab but
now they are entering consumer
market!
– Optical absorption
diagnostic
– Raman food analysis
– THz skin, cosmetics,
pharm.
Electronics starting to become
portable
Optics starting to
become portable
5. Example
Just like super computers we still need the accurate lab spectrometers
but portable versions can be used in limited applications.
• Raman spectrometer from lab to
the key chain!
Tellspec
DeltaNu®
ReporteR™
Smiths Detection
RespondeR™ RCI
Microphazir™
Horiba T64000
?
9. Beating the diffraction limit
9
Superlensing Enhanced near
field probes
Fluorescence
imaging
Super oscillatory lenses
Diffraction limit has limited
our resolution in imaging
now we are learning ways
to go beyond this limit.
10. Seeking light after scattering
• Going from imaging for human to imaging for
computers (measurement in other mathematical spaces
and reconstructing the image)
• Going from single scattering imaging to multi-
scattering imaging.
10
2nd Bounce
1st
Bounce
3rd
Bounce
12. New hardware trends
• Introductions
• Applications
• PC Switches
– New Materials for THz
– Optimizing Excitation of PC Switches
– Nanoplasmonic Structures
• Summary
• Questions?
12
14. Why THz
• Noninvasive
• Water in biological systems, protein folding, disease state of
tissue
• Vibrational modes for organic molecules
• Picosecond time scale dynamics
14
15. THz and tissues
• Can measure absorption and refraction index together through pulsed
imaging.
15
16. THz imaging
• Security apps, (mm wave <> THz)
• More inspection and analysis apps
16
See a whole gallery here: http://thznetwork.net/index.php/thz-images
Jefferson Lab Ken O, UT, Texas Startiger project
D. Mittleman Rice U
Q. Hu, MITBESSY, Germany- (100um res)
17. THz microscopy
17
R. Kersting, THz-ANSOM 150nmEpithelial tumor cell, A. Tredicuccii, ~15um
Diffractionlimit
Ordinary
imaging
Near field
imaging
Scanning
probes
D. Zimdars, Picometrix, Inc,
29. Conventional Materials
The philosophy of an optical switch defines the desired properties
of the substrate material. highest level of fast
photoconductivity modulations:
• high optical density
• high thermal breakdown limit
• high mobility, and Vb and Vsat
• short carrier lifetime (sub-picosecond)
• low dark conductance
• PC switching started by Austin on Si in 1975 (D.H. Auston, Appl. Phys. Lett., 26 (3) 101
(1975))
• C.H. Lee used GaAs in 1977(C.H. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett., 30 (2) 84 (1977))
• M.Y. Frankel used LT-GaAs in 1990 (M.Y. Frankel, et al, IEEE Trans on Elec. Devices, 37, 2493, 1990).
29
30. LT-GaAs
• LT-GaAs has short carrier lifetime (<1ps)
• It has low mobility as well GaAsBi
• Bi is a group V poor metal GaAsBi is
shrinking bandgap material
30
36. Nanoplasmonics
• Engineering surface
electron density waves
in the metallic
nanostructures to
achieve an enhanced
optical response.
• A key property of
nanoplasmonics is its
capability to efficiently
couple light into
subwavelength
structures.
36
37. Nanoplasmonics: An Example
Tuning annular nano-
apertures
B. Heshmat, D. Li, T. E. Darcie, R. Gordon, " Tuning plasmonic resonances of an annular aperture in
metal plate "Optics Express, Vol. 19, Iss. 7, pp. 5912–5923 (2011). 37
39. Nanoplasmoincs in THz PC switches
B. Heshmat, H. Pahlevaninezhad,Y. Pang, M. Masnadi, R. Lewis, T. Tiedje, R. Gordon and T. E.
Darcie "Nanoplasmonic Terahertz Photoconductive Switch" Nano letter, accepted. 39
40. Results of Using Nanoplasmonic
Structures
Peak-to-peak response enhancements of 40×,
10×, and 2×, compared to GaAs, LT-GaAs and
Commerical device.
40
42. Challenges
• THz waves have long wavelength; biological structures, many
important ones, are small…
• Living things need water: THz radiation and water are not
“best friends”…
• Unless you work hard, no clear spectroscopic features at THz
are visible for many samples.
• Some solutions to above problems are coming out.
42
43. Summary of new trends in hardware
• 100 GHz to 10THz region of EM waves are called THz,
have been unexplored, but we are finally closing the
gap.
• Main challenge is detection and generation.
• Major sources and QCLs, schottky diodes, PC switches
and nonlinear crystals.
• There is room for enhancement through material,
optics and nanoplasmonics.
• Many exciting applications from early cancer detection
to inspection of organic materials and faster
telecommunication. 43
51. The optimal block size for the block-based CS is a function of the local image
characteristics, and different block sizes can be assigned to different regions.
52.
53.
54.
55. Summary of computational trends
• Compressive measurements, where you
measure the minimum amount of points to
reconstruct an image with known priors.
• Layer separation based on pulse features
• Reference-free measurements in THz imaging
• Here is a demo:
55
57. Time-of-flight
In Situ remote sensing
Require direct path between objects sensor
JPL
Hyperspectral Imaging
Spectroscopic
Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
http://www.mbari.org/coastal/
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Lidar/
http://aviris.jpl.nasa.gov/html/aviris.freedata.html
Optical remote sensing
59. Computation + optics
J. Bertolotti, et al. Nature 491 (2012).S. M. Popoff, et al. Nat. Commun. 1 (2010)
• Relies on coherence/correlation
• Small field of view
• Short standoff distance
64. Il R(x), N(qin,out ){ }
1)(0for,ˆˆ1
minarg
1
2(.)),(
xRII
L
L
l
num
ll
meas
l
NxR
Inverse problem
Given a set of streak images
Find the unknown reflectance R(x)
71. Time of flight camera
• Continuous wave instead of pulsed
• Cheaper, safer, more compact, but less accurate.
R. Raskar, et al., “Coded Time of Flight Cameras: Sparse Deconvolution to Address Multipath Interference and Recover Time Profiles”, SIGGRAPH
Asia 2013.
72. 3d imaging through
turbulence
Solving occlusion
problems
www.picassodreams.com/photos/nyc_skyscrapers/
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/h2005_katrina.html
http://www.fjellandfjord.com/article.php?id=166
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/loihi.html
Generalizations for remote imaging
73. Summary of time of flight imaging
• Moving from single scattering to multiscattering
(multihop) imaging
• Different reconstruction techniques that rely on
previous optimization techniques can be used.
• Moving from expensive ultrafast hardware to
cheaper slow hardware that operates on modulated
light
• Now we can recover what is in the visible volume
of these cameras
N. Naik, C. Barsi, A. Velten, R. Raskar.
“Estimating spatially varying reflectance through scattering layers using time-resolve inversion.” JOSA A.