This paper reports a numerical study on natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow in a square cavity filled with CuO–Water nanofluids. Both upper and lower surfaces are being insulated, whilst a uniform constant temperature field applied in horizontal walls. The governing equations of fluid flow are discretized using a finite volume method with a collocated grid arrangement. The numerical results are reported for the effect of Rayleigh number, solid volume fraction and both presence and absence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects.
Measuring the Thermal Conductivities of Low Heat Conducting Disk Samples by M...IJERA Editor
This article aims to establish an experimental procedure to measure heat transmission coefficients in low heat conductive materials. The newly developed model takes as starting point the application of Fourier’s law to a disk sample when a temperature gradient is established between its faces. The power of a heating element is determined as the heat transfer coefficient of the problem disk. Initially, a glass vessel containing water is placed in direct contact with the heating element; then, a problem plastic disk is placed between this element and the glass vessel, treating the set as a composite wall. Prior to the above the water equivalent of a calorimetric set (vessel + water + accessories) and the thermal conductivity of the vessel must be determined. The thermal conductivity of the problem plastic disk sample is obtained for temperatures ranging from 30 to 70° C. The results reveal the existence of some type of structural transition for the problem material.
Study on Thermal and Hydrodynamic Indexes of a Nanofluid Flow in a Micro Heat...A Behzadmehr
The paper numerically presents laminar forced convection of a nanofluid flowing in a duct at microscale.
Results were compared with both analytical and experimental data and observed good concordance with
previous studies available in the literature. Influences of Brinkman and Reynolds number on thermal and
hydrodynamic indexes have been investigated. For a given nanofluid, no change in efficiency (heat dissipation
to pumping power) was observed with an increasing in Reynolds number. It was shown that the pressure was
decrease with an increase in Brinkman number. Dependency of Nu increment changes with substrate material.
Magnetic field effect on mixed convection flow in a nanofluid under convectiv...IAEME Publication
An analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of the prominent magnetic effect on mixed convection heat and mass transfer in the boundary layer region of a semi-infinite vertical flat plate in a nanofluid under the convective boundary conditions. The transformed boundary layer,ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fourth order method.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Measuring the Thermal Conductivities of Low Heat Conducting Disk Samples by M...IJERA Editor
This article aims to establish an experimental procedure to measure heat transmission coefficients in low heat conductive materials. The newly developed model takes as starting point the application of Fourier’s law to a disk sample when a temperature gradient is established between its faces. The power of a heating element is determined as the heat transfer coefficient of the problem disk. Initially, a glass vessel containing water is placed in direct contact with the heating element; then, a problem plastic disk is placed between this element and the glass vessel, treating the set as a composite wall. Prior to the above the water equivalent of a calorimetric set (vessel + water + accessories) and the thermal conductivity of the vessel must be determined. The thermal conductivity of the problem plastic disk sample is obtained for temperatures ranging from 30 to 70° C. The results reveal the existence of some type of structural transition for the problem material.
Study on Thermal and Hydrodynamic Indexes of a Nanofluid Flow in a Micro Heat...A Behzadmehr
The paper numerically presents laminar forced convection of a nanofluid flowing in a duct at microscale.
Results were compared with both analytical and experimental data and observed good concordance with
previous studies available in the literature. Influences of Brinkman and Reynolds number on thermal and
hydrodynamic indexes have been investigated. For a given nanofluid, no change in efficiency (heat dissipation
to pumping power) was observed with an increasing in Reynolds number. It was shown that the pressure was
decrease with an increase in Brinkman number. Dependency of Nu increment changes with substrate material.
Magnetic field effect on mixed convection flow in a nanofluid under convectiv...IAEME Publication
An analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of the prominent magnetic effect on mixed convection heat and mass transfer in the boundary layer region of a semi-infinite vertical flat plate in a nanofluid under the convective boundary conditions. The transformed boundary layer,ordinary differential equations are solved numerically using Runge-Kutta Fourth order method.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Analysis of mhd non darcian boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exp...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Butanenitrile - Chlorobenzene Molecular Correlation Study By Using Time Domai...IJESM JOURNAL
The dielectric parameters of butanenitrile(BN) with chlorobenzene(CBZ) mixture have been studied at 50C temperature in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 20 GHz using time domain reflectometry (TDR) for 11 different concentrations of the system. The Kirkwood correlation factor (gf) and Kirkwood averaged effective correlation factor (geff) of the mixture has been determined. The static dielectric constants for the mixtures have been fitted with the modified Bruggeman model. The investigation shows that the antiparallel alignment of the dipoles of the system. It also indicates that strong interaction between the constituent molecules of the BN and CBZ mixture.
Preparation of Nanofluid (Al2O3-water) for Energy StorageIOSR Journals
Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, a new challenge for thermal sciences providedby nanotechnology. Nanofluids have unique features different from conventional solid-liquid mixtures inwhich mm or μm sized particles of metals and non-metals are dispersed.At this research adding of small weight percent of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) for weight percent of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4wt.%) to pure water as energy storage in different industrial applications ,which gave us different behavior, adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4wt,% gave low temperature gradient than the pure water, while 0.3 wt.% gave greater temperature gradient than pure water which is desired.
Computation of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor of Water and Dimethylsulph...Scientific Review
This study examined the computation of the dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε′′) of water and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)at temperature 20oc, 30oc, 40oc and 500C within the frequency range of f GHz using Debye equations. The Debye equations were derived, and the experimental values of the static dielectric constant (εs), dielectric constant at high frequency (ε ) and the relaxation time (τ) of water and DMSO at those temperatures were substituted into the derived equations and the dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε′′) of water and DMSO were computed with aid of maple-13 and results were generated. These results revealed that the method is capable of reproducing good results forwork done using single Debye and that of the reflection cell ofdimethylsulphoxide.
Influence of input power in Ar/H2 thermal plasma with silicon powder by numer...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Numerical simulation in inductively coupled thermal plasma was made on the temperature distribution in argon (Ar)+hydrogen (H2) induction thermal plasma torch with silicon (Si) powder injection to obtain the temperature distribution and gas flow fields. The ICTP model was used in this research because it has benefit of good repeatability and no contamination process. Interactions between ICTP and injected powder are very complicated to be understood only by related experiments. Influence of input power in ICTP was numerically investigated on thermal plasma temperature fields and powder evaporation. The temperature distributions of thermal plasma and Si vapor distribution were compared at input powers of 20 kW, 30 kW, and 40 kW. Results indicated that higher input power increases the temperature of the thermal plasma with doughnut shape but it slightly enhances evaporation of the powder at the center axis of the plasma torch.
In this communication, an attempt has been made to find out the heat transfer coefficients such as internal and external heat transfer modes and thermophysical properties such as dynamic viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, latent heat of evaporation and saturated vapor pressure for active solar distillation system. It is observed that water temperature plays a vital role in the distillate output (the yield) since it increases significantly with the rise of basin water temperature. Double slope step type solar still of area 1 m2 is constructed using a glass pieces. Top Glass cover with 10° slope ensures a very good transmission of solar radiation inside the still. The distillate water productivity is in the range of 2.758 litres to 2.805 liters per day for still performance study. Similarly the instantaneous efficiency for still performance study is in the range of 17.84% to18.25%. Dimensionless numbers such as the Nusselt number (Nu), the Grashof number (Gr), the Reynolds number (Re) and the Prandtl number (Pr) were also estimated. Heat transfer coefficient were estimated for the present system since the system overall efficiency depend on heat transfer modes. Internal (convection, evaporation and radiation) and external (convection, conduction and radiation) heat transfer modes were calculated for the present system and it is found that because of rise in water temperature, evaporative heat transfer coefficient value rises significantly.
Acoustic and Viscometric studies of manitol with life-essential Co(II) and Cu...Brajendra Kusmariya
The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity of manitol in different concentration of aqueous solutions of Cu(II) and Co(II) metal ions at 298.15 K and one atmospheric pressures has been investigated to understand the molecular interactions of manitol with metal ions in aqueous medium. The acoustical parameters such as isentropic compressibility, intermolecular free length, specific acoustic impedance, relative association, free volume, internal pressure, viscous relaxation time, Gibb’s free energy, attenuation coefficient, Rao’s constant, and Wada’s constant have been calculated from the experimental data. On the basis of the Jones-Dole equation, Falkenhagen coefficient A and Jones-Dole B-coefficient have been evaluated. The data have been interpreted in terms of molecular interactions and the variations in these parameters with solute concentration give the information about intermolecular interactions.
MHD Chemically Reacting and Radiating Nanofluid Flow over a Vertical Cone Emb...IJLT EMAS
In this study, we examine the combined effects of
thermal radiation, chemical reaction on MHD hydromagnetic
boundary layer flow over a vertical cone filled with nanofluid
saturated porous medium under variable properties. The
governing flow, heat and mass transfer equations are
transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity
variables and are solved numerically by a Galerkin Finite
element method. Numerical results are obtained for
dimensionless velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume
fraction, as well as the skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood
number for the different values of the pertinent parameters
entered into the problem. The effects of various controlling
parameters on these quantities are investigated. Pertinent
results are presented graphically and discussed quantitatively.
The present results are compared with existing results and found
to be good agreement. It is found that the temperature of the
fluid remarkably enhances with the rising values of Brownian
motion parameter (Nb).
computational investigation for life cycle of alumina based induction furnace...IJCMESJOURNAL
Furnaces are most commonly used for melting of materials. Induction furnaces are more beneficial as no fuel is required. It is a problem to find life cycle of Induction Melting Furnace Wall under load variation. The induction melting furnace wall is made of alumina ramming mass which is one kind of refractory material. The failure occurs due to cyclic thermal stresses due to heating and cooling cycles. Temperature distribution and thermal stress distribution fields of the induction melting furnace refractory wall were calculated by using explicit finite difference analysis based on the physical description of its failure under low cycle thermal fatigue conditions. The life span of the refractory wall is required to be found out by means of critical thermal stresses created inside the refractory wall of induction melting furnace wall from modified S – log N Curve.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is concerned with the materials and systems whose structures and components reveal novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes due to their micro size. Workforce development is needed to achieve the benefits of nanotechnology development along with technology transfer. The intensity should be on hands-on educational experiences by developing nano-tech laboratory demonstration experiments that could be adaptable and combined into existing courses in engineering and engineering technology. Theoretical heat transfer rates were calculated using existing relationships in the literature for conventional fluids and nano fluids. Experiments were conducted to determine the actual heat transfer rates under operational conditions using nanofluids and the heat transfer enhancement determined compared to fluids without nanoparticles.
Mhd effects on non newtonian micro polar fluid with uniform suctioneSAT Journals
Abstract In this present work, the problem of heat and mass transfer on the flow of Non-newtonian micropolar fluid with uniform suction/blowing with heat generation, radiation, thermophoresis and chemical reaction effects are studied. The non-linear partial differential equation arising from the flow modeling were transformed into coupled non linear ordinary differential equations and subsequently solved by using the implicit finite difference method. The effect of relevant thermo physical parameters such as material parameter K, suction parameter A, heat generation/absorption parameter B, Prandtl number Pr, radiation parameter R, thermophoretic parameter τ, chemical reaction parameter δ , magnetic parameter Ha and Schmidt number Sc are also being numerically investigated and analyzed. Keywords: MHD, micro polar fluid, heat generation, thermophoresis, radiation and finite difference scheme.
Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Aluminium Oxide Nanofluid: Effect of the Base...CSCJournals
The flow and heat transfer is an important phenomenon in engineering systems due to its wide application in electronic cooling, heat exchangers, double pane windows etc.. The enhancement of heat transfer in these systems is an essential topic from an energy saving perspective. The lower heat transfer performance when conventional fluids, such as water, engine oil and ethylene glycol are used hinders improvements in performance and a consequent reduction in the size of such systems. The use of solid particles as an additive suspended into the base fluid is a technique for heat transfer enhancement. Therefore, the heat transfer enhancement in a horizontal circular tube that is maintained at a constant temperature under laminar regime has been investigated numerically. A computational code applied to the problem by use of the finite volume method was developed. Nanofluid was made by dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles in pur water and ethylene glycol. Results illustrate that the suspended nanoparticles increase the heat transfer with an increase in the nanoparticles volume fraction and for a considered range of Reynolds numbers. And in other hand, the heat transfer is very sensitive to the base fluid.
The Effects of Nanofluids on Forced Convection Heat Transfer Inside Parallel ...AI Publications
A numerical solution on forced convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid for different volume fractions is investigated for laminar flow through a parallel plate with flush mounted discrete heat sources. The model used for nanofluid mixture is a single-phase approach and fluid properties are considered constant with temperature. The finite difference method is used for solutions and four different volume fractions are considered varying from 0% to 4%. A fully developed laminar velocity profile is considered and the parallel plate is assumed as heated with three discrete heat sources flush mounted to the top and bottom plate with the same lengths. Uniform wall temperature boundary condition is taken for discrete heaters. Peclet numbers are in the range of 20-100. For comparison and validity of the solution the results for a classical problem, laminar flow through a parallel plate which is heated at the downstream region with constant temperature, are obtained. Results are presented in terms of bulk temperature, heat flux, and local Nusselt number. Heat transfer is enhanced with the particle volume concentration. For comparison, pure water results are also shown in the figures. At the locations where heat is applied the heat flux values decrease as the volume fraction increase and the bulk temperature values are higher for the higher volume fractions at the heated locations. As the volume fraction increases the local Nusselt number can increase up to 30% than to pure water.
Esign and thermal evaluation of shell and helical coil heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract
Heat exchangers are the important engineering equipments used for transferring heat from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers are widely used in various kinds of application such as power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, heat recovery systems, petrochemical, mechanical, biomedical industries. Helical coil heat exchangers are gaining wide importance now-a-days because it can give high heat transfer coefficient in small footprint of surface area. This paper focuses on the designing of shell and helical coil heat exchanger and its thermal evaluation with counter flow configuration. The thermal analysis is carried out considering the various parameters such as flow rate of cold water, flow rate of hot water, temperature, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient.
Keywords— Helical coil heat exchanger, Counter flow, Flow rate, effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient etc.
Analysis of mhd non darcian boundary layer flow and heat transfer over an exp...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Butanenitrile - Chlorobenzene Molecular Correlation Study By Using Time Domai...IJESM JOURNAL
The dielectric parameters of butanenitrile(BN) with chlorobenzene(CBZ) mixture have been studied at 50C temperature in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 20 GHz using time domain reflectometry (TDR) for 11 different concentrations of the system. The Kirkwood correlation factor (gf) and Kirkwood averaged effective correlation factor (geff) of the mixture has been determined. The static dielectric constants for the mixtures have been fitted with the modified Bruggeman model. The investigation shows that the antiparallel alignment of the dipoles of the system. It also indicates that strong interaction between the constituent molecules of the BN and CBZ mixture.
Preparation of Nanofluid (Al2O3-water) for Energy StorageIOSR Journals
Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, a new challenge for thermal sciences providedby nanotechnology. Nanofluids have unique features different from conventional solid-liquid mixtures inwhich mm or μm sized particles of metals and non-metals are dispersed.At this research adding of small weight percent of Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) for weight percent of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4wt.%) to pure water as energy storage in different industrial applications ,which gave us different behavior, adding 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4wt,% gave low temperature gradient than the pure water, while 0.3 wt.% gave greater temperature gradient than pure water which is desired.
Computation of Dielectric Constant and Loss Factor of Water and Dimethylsulph...Scientific Review
This study examined the computation of the dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss factor (ε′′) of water and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO)at temperature 20oc, 30oc, 40oc and 500C within the frequency range of f GHz using Debye equations. The Debye equations were derived, and the experimental values of the static dielectric constant (εs), dielectric constant at high frequency (ε ) and the relaxation time (τ) of water and DMSO at those temperatures were substituted into the derived equations and the dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε′′) of water and DMSO were computed with aid of maple-13 and results were generated. These results revealed that the method is capable of reproducing good results forwork done using single Debye and that of the reflection cell ofdimethylsulphoxide.
Influence of input power in Ar/H2 thermal plasma with silicon powder by numer...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Numerical simulation in inductively coupled thermal plasma was made on the temperature distribution in argon (Ar)+hydrogen (H2) induction thermal plasma torch with silicon (Si) powder injection to obtain the temperature distribution and gas flow fields. The ICTP model was used in this research because it has benefit of good repeatability and no contamination process. Interactions between ICTP and injected powder are very complicated to be understood only by related experiments. Influence of input power in ICTP was numerically investigated on thermal plasma temperature fields and powder evaporation. The temperature distributions of thermal plasma and Si vapor distribution were compared at input powers of 20 kW, 30 kW, and 40 kW. Results indicated that higher input power increases the temperature of the thermal plasma with doughnut shape but it slightly enhances evaporation of the powder at the center axis of the plasma torch.
In this communication, an attempt has been made to find out the heat transfer coefficients such as internal and external heat transfer modes and thermophysical properties such as dynamic viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, latent heat of evaporation and saturated vapor pressure for active solar distillation system. It is observed that water temperature plays a vital role in the distillate output (the yield) since it increases significantly with the rise of basin water temperature. Double slope step type solar still of area 1 m2 is constructed using a glass pieces. Top Glass cover with 10° slope ensures a very good transmission of solar radiation inside the still. The distillate water productivity is in the range of 2.758 litres to 2.805 liters per day for still performance study. Similarly the instantaneous efficiency for still performance study is in the range of 17.84% to18.25%. Dimensionless numbers such as the Nusselt number (Nu), the Grashof number (Gr), the Reynolds number (Re) and the Prandtl number (Pr) were also estimated. Heat transfer coefficient were estimated for the present system since the system overall efficiency depend on heat transfer modes. Internal (convection, evaporation and radiation) and external (convection, conduction and radiation) heat transfer modes were calculated for the present system and it is found that because of rise in water temperature, evaporative heat transfer coefficient value rises significantly.
Acoustic and Viscometric studies of manitol with life-essential Co(II) and Cu...Brajendra Kusmariya
The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity of manitol in different concentration of aqueous solutions of Cu(II) and Co(II) metal ions at 298.15 K and one atmospheric pressures has been investigated to understand the molecular interactions of manitol with metal ions in aqueous medium. The acoustical parameters such as isentropic compressibility, intermolecular free length, specific acoustic impedance, relative association, free volume, internal pressure, viscous relaxation time, Gibb’s free energy, attenuation coefficient, Rao’s constant, and Wada’s constant have been calculated from the experimental data. On the basis of the Jones-Dole equation, Falkenhagen coefficient A and Jones-Dole B-coefficient have been evaluated. The data have been interpreted in terms of molecular interactions and the variations in these parameters with solute concentration give the information about intermolecular interactions.
MHD Chemically Reacting and Radiating Nanofluid Flow over a Vertical Cone Emb...IJLT EMAS
In this study, we examine the combined effects of
thermal radiation, chemical reaction on MHD hydromagnetic
boundary layer flow over a vertical cone filled with nanofluid
saturated porous medium under variable properties. The
governing flow, heat and mass transfer equations are
transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity
variables and are solved numerically by a Galerkin Finite
element method. Numerical results are obtained for
dimensionless velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume
fraction, as well as the skin friction, local Nusselt and Sherwood
number for the different values of the pertinent parameters
entered into the problem. The effects of various controlling
parameters on these quantities are investigated. Pertinent
results are presented graphically and discussed quantitatively.
The present results are compared with existing results and found
to be good agreement. It is found that the temperature of the
fluid remarkably enhances with the rising values of Brownian
motion parameter (Nb).
computational investigation for life cycle of alumina based induction furnace...IJCMESJOURNAL
Furnaces are most commonly used for melting of materials. Induction furnaces are more beneficial as no fuel is required. It is a problem to find life cycle of Induction Melting Furnace Wall under load variation. The induction melting furnace wall is made of alumina ramming mass which is one kind of refractory material. The failure occurs due to cyclic thermal stresses due to heating and cooling cycles. Temperature distribution and thermal stress distribution fields of the induction melting furnace refractory wall were calculated by using explicit finite difference analysis based on the physical description of its failure under low cycle thermal fatigue conditions. The life span of the refractory wall is required to be found out by means of critical thermal stresses created inside the refractory wall of induction melting furnace wall from modified S – log N Curve.
Abstract: Nanotechnology is concerned with the materials and systems whose structures and components reveal novel and significantly improved physical, chemical, and biological properties, phenomena, and processes due to their micro size. Workforce development is needed to achieve the benefits of nanotechnology development along with technology transfer. The intensity should be on hands-on educational experiences by developing nano-tech laboratory demonstration experiments that could be adaptable and combined into existing courses in engineering and engineering technology. Theoretical heat transfer rates were calculated using existing relationships in the literature for conventional fluids and nano fluids. Experiments were conducted to determine the actual heat transfer rates under operational conditions using nanofluids and the heat transfer enhancement determined compared to fluids without nanoparticles.
Mhd effects on non newtonian micro polar fluid with uniform suctioneSAT Journals
Abstract In this present work, the problem of heat and mass transfer on the flow of Non-newtonian micropolar fluid with uniform suction/blowing with heat generation, radiation, thermophoresis and chemical reaction effects are studied. The non-linear partial differential equation arising from the flow modeling were transformed into coupled non linear ordinary differential equations and subsequently solved by using the implicit finite difference method. The effect of relevant thermo physical parameters such as material parameter K, suction parameter A, heat generation/absorption parameter B, Prandtl number Pr, radiation parameter R, thermophoretic parameter τ, chemical reaction parameter δ , magnetic parameter Ha and Schmidt number Sc are also being numerically investigated and analyzed. Keywords: MHD, micro polar fluid, heat generation, thermophoresis, radiation and finite difference scheme.
Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Aluminium Oxide Nanofluid: Effect of the Base...CSCJournals
The flow and heat transfer is an important phenomenon in engineering systems due to its wide application in electronic cooling, heat exchangers, double pane windows etc.. The enhancement of heat transfer in these systems is an essential topic from an energy saving perspective. The lower heat transfer performance when conventional fluids, such as water, engine oil and ethylene glycol are used hinders improvements in performance and a consequent reduction in the size of such systems. The use of solid particles as an additive suspended into the base fluid is a technique for heat transfer enhancement. Therefore, the heat transfer enhancement in a horizontal circular tube that is maintained at a constant temperature under laminar regime has been investigated numerically. A computational code applied to the problem by use of the finite volume method was developed. Nanofluid was made by dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles in pur water and ethylene glycol. Results illustrate that the suspended nanoparticles increase the heat transfer with an increase in the nanoparticles volume fraction and for a considered range of Reynolds numbers. And in other hand, the heat transfer is very sensitive to the base fluid.
The Effects of Nanofluids on Forced Convection Heat Transfer Inside Parallel ...AI Publications
A numerical solution on forced convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid for different volume fractions is investigated for laminar flow through a parallel plate with flush mounted discrete heat sources. The model used for nanofluid mixture is a single-phase approach and fluid properties are considered constant with temperature. The finite difference method is used for solutions and four different volume fractions are considered varying from 0% to 4%. A fully developed laminar velocity profile is considered and the parallel plate is assumed as heated with three discrete heat sources flush mounted to the top and bottom plate with the same lengths. Uniform wall temperature boundary condition is taken for discrete heaters. Peclet numbers are in the range of 20-100. For comparison and validity of the solution the results for a classical problem, laminar flow through a parallel plate which is heated at the downstream region with constant temperature, are obtained. Results are presented in terms of bulk temperature, heat flux, and local Nusselt number. Heat transfer is enhanced with the particle volume concentration. For comparison, pure water results are also shown in the figures. At the locations where heat is applied the heat flux values decrease as the volume fraction increase and the bulk temperature values are higher for the higher volume fractions at the heated locations. As the volume fraction increases the local Nusselt number can increase up to 30% than to pure water.
Esign and thermal evaluation of shell and helical coil heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract
Heat exchangers are the important engineering equipments used for transferring heat from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers are widely used in various kinds of application such as power plants, nuclear reactors, refrigeration and air-conditioning systems, heat recovery systems, petrochemical, mechanical, biomedical industries. Helical coil heat exchangers are gaining wide importance now-a-days because it can give high heat transfer coefficient in small footprint of surface area. This paper focuses on the designing of shell and helical coil heat exchanger and its thermal evaluation with counter flow configuration. The thermal analysis is carried out considering the various parameters such as flow rate of cold water, flow rate of hot water, temperature, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient.
Keywords— Helical coil heat exchanger, Counter flow, Flow rate, effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
CFD Analysis of a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger by using Fluid Based Nanomaterialsijtsrd
Double pipe heat exchanger design is a device which we using for heat transfer applications straightforward. This maintains one heat exchanger pipe inside another. After determining the required heat exchanger surface area, for either counter flow or parallel flow, the pipe sizes and number of bends for the double pipe heat exchanger can be selected. In double pipe heat exchanger design, an important factor is the type of flow pattern in the heat exchanger. A double pipe heat exchanger will typically be either counterblow or parallel flow. Cross flow just doesnt work for a double pipe heat exchanger. The flow pattern and the required heat exchange duty allow calculation of the log mean temperature difference. That together with an estimated overall heat transfer coefficient allows calculation of the required heat transfer surface area. Then pipe sizes, pipe lengths and number of bends can be determined. The convective heat transfer, friction factor and effectiveness of different volume concentrations of Fe3O4 Nano fluid flow in an inner tube of double pipe heat exchanger with return bend has been estimated experimentally and turbulent flow conditions. The test section used in this study is of double pipe type in which the inner tube diameter is 0.019 m, the annulus tube diameter is 0.05m and the total length of inner tube is 5 m. At a distance of 2.2mfromthe inlet of the inner tube the return bend is provided. The hot Nanofluids flows through an inner tube, whereas the cold water flows through an annulus tube. The volume concentrations of the nanoparticles used in this study are 0.03 and 8 lpm ,10 lpm mass flow rate with Reynolds number range from 9,000 to 30,000.in the process analyze the CFD analysis is performed in Ansys Fluent 15.0 workbench and its used different nanofluids used, which nanofluids better heat transfer rate find base on the results.In this process choose different nanofluids Al2o3, Cuo ,Fe3o4 this nanofluids properties taken by different base papers. Golkonda Venkata Apparao | K. Srinivasa Rao "CFD Analysis of a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger by using Fluid Based Nanomaterials" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd20306.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/20306/cfd-analysis-of-a-double-pipe-heat-exchanger-by-using-fluid-based-nanomaterials/golkonda-venkata-apparao
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling with al2 o3 water nanofluideSAT Journals
Abstract Boiling is an important phase change phenomena as it plays a crucial role in the design of high heat flux system like boilers, heat exchangers, microscopic heat transfer devices. However boiling phenomenon is limited by critical heat flux. At critical heat flux material of heated surface suffers physical damage due to lower heat transfer resulting from thin film formed over the surface. Now a days Nanofluid which is colloidal suspension of nanoparticle in base fluid is highlighted as innovative techniques to enhance critical heat flux. In the present study Al2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and XRD analysis. From SEM images it was seen that nanoparticle has spherical morphology, and from XRD analysis average nanoparticle size determined was 29.48 nm. Five different nanofluids of concentration range from 3 gram/liter to 15 gram/liter were prepared. Critical heat flux (CHF) of each Al2O3-water nanofluid in pool boiling is determined on NiCr wire of SWG 28. The minimum critical heat flux enhancement is 30.53% at 3 gram/liter nanofluid compared to critical heat flux of distilled water. The highest critical heat flux enhancement is 72.70 % at 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Critical heat flux of nanofluid increases with increase in concentration of Al2O3 nanoparticle in distilled water up to 12 gram/liter nanofluid. Surface roughness of bare wire was 0.126 μm. Surface roughness of wire sample used in pool boiling of 3 gram/liter nanofluid is 0.299μm and highest surface roughness was 0.715 μm of heater used in pool boiling of 12 gram/liter nanofluid. The Surface roughness measurement results show the evidence of nanoparticle deposition on wire surface and its effect on Critical Heat Flux enhancement. Keywords: Critical heat flux, Nanoparticle, Nanofluid, Concentration, Surface roughness.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFERFROM SQUARE CYLIND...ijmech
The enhancement of natural convection heat transfer using nanofluids from horizontal square cylinder
placed in a square enclosure is investigated numerically. Water-based Cu is used as the working nanofluid.
The investigation covered a range of Rayleigh numbers of 104
- 106
, nanoparticles volume fraction of
(0<ϕ≤0.2), enclosure width to cylinder height ratio, W/H of 2.5. The investigation includes the solution of
the governing equations in the Vorticity-Stream function space with the aid of a body fitted coordinate
system. Algebraic grid generation is used in the initial transformations, followed by an elliptic
transformation to complete the grid generation to computational domain. The resulting discretized system
of equations is solved using an ADI method. The built code is validated and the results showed an increase
in average Nusselt number with increasing the volume fraction of the nanoparticles for the whole range of
Rayleigh number. The isotherms are nearly similar when the volume fraction of nanoparticles is increased
from 0 to 0.2 for each Rayleigh number but a change in the streamlines is observed.
Comparative study of parabolic trough collector through MWCNT/H2o nanofluid a...Husain Mehdi
In this present work MWCNT nanofluid and water were used as working fluid to compare the thermal performance of solar parabolic trough collector. Both the fluids were flowing through receiver at different volume flow rates 160L/h and 100L/h. Experimental tests was performed only during sunny weather and temperature at outlet of receiver was measured through thermometer after every half an hour of total testing time period. MWCNT nanofluid with weight fraction 0.01% and 0.02% and water were used to find efficiency of system and it has been seen that MWCNT nanofluid 0.02wt% with 160L/h showed better results for overall thermal efficiency among other and also an application of surfactant Triton X-100 with in MWCNT nanofluid was used to enhance the quantity of heat absorption capability of base fluid
Optimization of a Shell and Tube Condenser using Numerical MethodIJERA Editor
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of installation of the tube external surfaces, their parameter and variable in a shell-and-tube condenser. Variation of heat transfer coefficient with each variable of shell and tube condenser was measured each test. The optimization tube outside diameter size was analyzed and use extended surface area attached tube with tube material and tube layout and arrangement (Number of tube a triangular or hexagonal arrangement) on shell-and tube condenser. The computer programming was used to get faster output in less time. Results suggest that mean heat transfer coefficient in variable condition were mainly at velocity is fixed. And also average additional surfaces and tube layout and the arrangement comparison with the quantity of the heat transfer.
Suspended nanoparticles in conventional fluids,
called nanofluids, have been the subject of intensive study
worldwide since pioneering researchers recently discovered the
anomalous thermal behavior of these fluids. The heat transfer from
smaller area is achieved through microchannels. The heat transfer
principle states that maximum heat transfer is achieved in
microchannels with maximum pressure drop across it. In this
research work the experimental and numerical investigation for
the improved heat transfer characteristics of serpentine shaped
microchannel heat sink using Al2O3/water nanofluid is done. The
fluid flow characteristics is also analyzed for the serpentine
shaped micrchannel. The experimental results of the heat
transfer using Al2O3 nanofluid is compared with the numerical
values. The calculations in this work suggest that the best heat
transfer enhancement can be obtained by using a system with an
Al2O3–water nanofluid-cooled micro channel with serpentine
shaped fluid flow
Effect of nanofluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exch...eSAT Journals
Abstract A nanofluid is a mixture of nano sized particles of size up to 100 nm and a base fluid. Typical nanoparticles are made of metals, oxides or carbides, while base fluids may be water, ethylene glycol or oil. The effect of nanofluid to enhance the heat transfer rate in various heat exchangers is experimentally evaluated recently. The heat transfer enhancement using nanofluid mainly depends on type of nanoparticles, size of nanoparticles and concentration of nanoparticles in base fluid. In the present paper, an experimental investigation is carried out to determine the effect of various concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion mixed in water as base fluid on heat transfer characteristics of double pipe heat exchanger for parallel flow and counter flow arrangement. The volume concentrations of Al2O3 nanofluid prepared are 0.001 % to 0.01 %. The conclusion derived for the study is that overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increase in volume concentration of Al2O3 nano-dispersion compared to water up to volume concentration of 0.008 % and then decreases. Keywords: Nanofluid, Heat Transfer Characteristics, Double Pipe Heat Exchagner, Al2O3 Nano-dispersion
Effect of Radiation on Mixed Convection Flow of a Non-Newtonian Nan fluid ove...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Similar to Temperature patterns of nanofluids in a square enclosure with natural convection (20)
SEMI-PARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF Px,y({(x,y)/x >y}) FOR THE POWER FUNCTION DISTR...IJESM JOURNAL
The stress-strength model describes the life of a component which has a random strength X and is subjected to random stress Y, in the context of reliability. The component will function satisfactorily whenever X>Y and it fails at the instant the stress applied to it exceeds the strength. R=P(Y<X) is a measure of component reliability .In this paper, we obtain semi parametric estimators of the reliability under stress- strength model for the Power function distribution under complete and censored samples. We illustrate the performance of the estimators using a simulation study.
Comparative study of Terminating Newton Iterations: in Solving ODEsIJESM JOURNAL
The paper deals with the numerical solution of IVP’s for systems of stiff ODE’s with particular emphasis on implicit linear multistep methods (LMM), particularly the backward differentiation formulae (BDF). In thispaper we investigate the current strategies that are used to terminate the Newton iterations in the Matlab Code ode15s.We analyse the algorithms for terminating the Newton iterations as implemented in the code ode15s. We conductnumerical experiments to investigate the levels of usage of each strategy in solving various test problems. The experiments reveal the displacement test is oftenmore stringent that other termination strategies
ON HOMOGENEOUS TERNARY QUADRATIC DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONIJESM JOURNAL
The ternary quadratic homogeneous equation representing homogeneous cone given by
2 2 2 2 x y 3xy 16z is analyzed for its non-zero distinct integer points on it. Three different
patterns of integer points satisfying the cone under consideration are obtained. A few interesting
relations between the solutions and special number patterns namely Polygonal number,
Pyramidal number, Centered Polygonal number, Centered Pyramidal number, pronic number and
Star number are presented.
HOMOGENOUS BI-QUADRATIC WITH FIVE UNKNOWNSIJESM JOURNAL
We obtain non-trivial integral solutions for the Homogeneous Bi-quadratic with five unknowns’
4 4 2 2 2 x y 26 z w T . A few interesting relations for each pattern among the solutions are
presented.
STUDY OF RECESSIONAL PATTERN OF GLACIERS OF DHAULIGANGA VALLEY, UTTRAKHAND, I...IJESM JOURNAL
The glacier study is important in the sense that it has a very direct relation with climate change. Any change in the climate can be read through glacier response. A number of Himalayan glaciers are reported to be shrinking. The retreat of Chipa glacier and Jhulang glacier in Dhauliganga valley was studied by interpreting time series optical satellite images obtained from Landsat, ASTER and IRS LISS III sensors. The change of terminus position was measured and retreat was monitored with respect to the terminus position in a topographical map (1:50,000) of 1962. The satellite data of 1989 and from 2000 to 2004 and 2012 were used for monitoring the retreat of the glacier and the result was compared with the field measured values.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the contributions of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) initiatives in reducing equipment breakdowns, increase equipment reliability and improve productivity. This will result in increased equipment utilization and life, reduced work stoppages and machine slowdowns, closer adherence to production and delivery schedules as well as increased employee morale. The Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) concept addresses these goals. The aim of TPM is to keep the plant and equipment at its highest productive level through the cooperation of all areas of the organization. TPM is a partnership between maintenance and production organization to improve product quality, reduce waste, reduce manufacturing cost and increase equipment availability.
DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE WAGE FUNCTIONIJESM JOURNAL
In this paper, a differential operator has been used to solve the wage equation. The subsequent wage function is analyzed and interpreted for stability. The equation incorporates speculative parameters operating in free range. The variations of these parameters have caused stability and instability of the wage function in certain circumstances. Where the wage function is exponential, asymptotic stability towards the equilibrium wage rate is observed but where it consists of both exponential and periodic factors, the time path shows periodic fluctuations with successive cycles giving smaller amplitudes until the ripples dies naturally. It is also observed that though differential operator is just as effective as variation of parameters demonstrated in [6], it is rather simple and fast with limited algebra.
Vocal Translation For Muteness People Using Speech SynthesizerIJESM JOURNAL
The research perform has enabled a mute man can speak without surgery. An electrode placed on the neck to get the vibration from blabbering voice of the person and also implement the special speech synthesizer for producing him vowels. It possible for the disable person to produce vowels by thinking of them, using a speech synthesizer. In the future, this breakthrough may help erase the word of speech disability.
Green supply chain management in Indian Electronics & Telecommunication IndustryIJESM JOURNAL
The study investigates the Green Supply Chain Management practices adopted by the Electronics & Telecommunication Industry in India. Study focuses on the impact of environmental collaboration in the supply chain on manufacturing and environmental performance. This paper used inductive and qualitative approaches to explore the salient factors that simultaneously enhance the “greening the supply chain” as well as maximizing the customer reach while maintaining the efficiency of the supply chain system of Electronics & Telecommunication Industry. A survey was conducted with key informants across many divisions of the Electronics & Telecommunication Industry to investigate how well these environmental and customer reach in the supply chain are in synchronized with the top management’s commitment towards environmental responsiveness and maximizing customer orientation. The responses to the survey were statistically analyzed and a relationship model was constructed with Market orientation as the dependent variable and independent variables as: environmental policies, supplier policies, commitment to human capital and diversity, sustainability and market orientation. The paper proposes to measure the performance of the corporation with respect to greening the supply chain, maximizing the reach of consumers and operational efficiency with a view of re-engineering the existing supply chain. The key indicators identified were environmental policies, supplier policies, sustainability, market orientation and commitment to human capital and diversity.
BER Performance Analysis of Open and Closed Loop Power Control in LTEIJESM JOURNAL
The power control (PC) policy in Long Term Evolution (LTE) network is important issue, the interference of cell user to neighbour cell is consider to avoid any annoying to close cells. In this paper the two uplink PC scheme close loop power control (CLPC) and open loop power control (OLPC) are modelled in order to investigate the effects of Mobile cell edge to another cell and show how to adjust the user power according to two path losses. The algorithms were simulated by using MATLAB program. The open loop technique considered that the strongest interference is caused by mobile to neighbour cell, while the power control components is adjusted continuously in the close loop technique . The effects of CLPC and OLPC are shown in term of throughput, path loss, power spectrum density (PSD) and the bit error rate (BER). Results shows that the CLPC is outperform the OLPC in term of throughput, PSD and path loss; while they are perform similarly in term of BER.
Rainfall Trends and Variability in Tamil Nadu (1983 - 2012): Indicator of Cli...IJESM JOURNAL
Rainfall trend for the past is very essential to understand the climate variability of a region and it is very significant research in developing countries. Rainfall variability is also an obligatory factor for the climate of semi arid and tropical regions. The number of rainy days and rainfall intensity are the vital feature to comprehend the climate vulnerability of a region. To attain the nature of climate variability this paper deals the rainfall trends of Tamil nadu for the past 30 years and investigated using spatial, temporal and statistical techniques. The previous woks also revealed that the rainfall variability across the world. The results are also showing the spatial and temporal variability across Tamil Nadu and the climate change projection in study area.
The Political, Legal & Technological Environment in Global ScenarioIJESM JOURNAL
The environment that international managers face is changing rapidly. The past is proving to be a poor indicator of what will happen in the future. Changes are not only more common now but also more significant than ever before, and these dramatic forces of change are creating new challenges. Although there are many dimensions in this new environment, most relevant to international management would be the economic environment that was covered in the research and the cultural environment. Also important are the political, legal and regulatory, and technological dimensions of the environment. The objective of this research is to examine how the political, legal and regulatory, and technological environments have changed in recent years. Some major trends in each that will help dictate the world in which international managers will compete also are presented.
SUPPLIER SELECTION AND EVALUATION – AN INTEGRATED APPROACH OF QFD & AHPIJESM JOURNAL
In current scenario strong competitive pressure forces several organizations to available their products and services, cheaper, faster and improved than the rivals to their valuable customer. Managers have come to comprehend that they cannot do it individually without suitable vendors. Supply Chain Management empower the flows of material, information and funds in a association consisting of customers, suppliers, manufacturers and distributors, which beings raw materials, maintain by internal operations complete with distribution of finished goods. In the continually changing world, assortment of appropriate vender is facilitating in supply chain management, selection of right vendor is extremely useful part of purchasing department. This paper seeks to propose a methodology to integrate the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for right supplier selection and evaluation and Quality Function Deployment (QFD) analysis to enhance the effectiveness of outsourcing decisions. A selection that combines the subjective factors and objective factors and attitude of the decision maker decide the best supplier in the supply chain management system. The proposed integrated model could be used for supplier selection, which involves several quantitative and qualitative factors. Also could be used to determining the optimum order quantity. The propose method is a group decision making approach which shadows the traditional approaches of supplier selection.
FURTHER CHARACTERIZATIONS AND SOME APPLICATIONS OF UPPER AND LOWER WEAKLY QUA...IJESM JOURNAL
In his paper we characterize upper and lower weakly quasi continuous fuzzy multifunction’s [3] be a new type of convergence of a net in a topological space and also characterize lower weakly quasi continuous fuzzy multifunction by a newly defined convergence of a fuzzy net. Again a new concept of regularity in a topological space has been introduced and characterized and using this regularity several applications of upper weakly quasi continuous fuzzy multifunctions have been shown.
INVARIANCE OF SEPARATION AXIOMS IN ISOTONIC SPACES WITH RESPECT TO PERFECT MA...IJESM JOURNAL
The behavior of separation axioms under perfect mappings has been studied in the realm of topological spaces. In this paper, we extend the characterization of perfect mappings to isotonic spaces and then use this class of continuous functions to investigate the behavior of separation axioms.The hierarchy of separation axioms that is familiar from topological spaces generalizes to spaces with an isotone and expansive closure functions. Neither additivity nor idempotence of the closure function need to be assumed.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF POWER OUTPUT IN A WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMIJESM JOURNAL
The developments of wind energy systems have enabled an efficient production and use of wind energy. Three widely used control schemes for wind energy systems are Pitch control, Rotor resistance control and Vector control. A traditional wind energy system consists of a stall regulated or pitch control turbine connected to a synchronous generator through gearbox. The synchronous generator operates at fixed speed and one of the earliest rotor control schemes was the rotor resistance control. The speed of an induction machine is controlled by the external resistance in the rotor circuit. The drawback of the above methods is the inability of wind turbine to capture at low wind speeds. This paper develops a model which maximizes wind energy output. This model asses the effects of friction coefficient and the height of wind above ground(given by the height of turbine from the ground i. e the hub height) on power output. The study considers an already existing model, that is the turbine model in which the study incorporates height and friction coefficient. The three methods used in wind energy systems and the output variations for the different control techniques for a change in the input wind velocity and a constant desired power output reference are compared and the methods evaluated based on the response time and the magnitude of change in the power output compared to the desired power output and also compared by simulation. The results of this study may be useful in aiding in the efficient production of electricity in a wind energy conversion system.
INTRODUCING AN INTEGRATING FACTOR IN STUDYING THE WAGE EQUATIONIJESM JOURNAL
In this paper a first order wage equation is solved by the method of integrating factor. The subsequent wage function is then analyzed and interpreted for stability. The function could initially stand off the equilibrium wage rate but in the long run, it asymptotically stabilizes in inter temporal sense. It is observed that use of an integrating factor in solving the wage equation is just as effective as Laplace transforms demonstrated in [6] but with an advantage of being simple with limited algebra.
Vocal Translation For Muteness People Using Speech SynthesizerIJESM JOURNAL
The research perform has enabled a mute man can speak without surgery. An electrode placed on the neck to get the vibration from blabbering voice of the person and also implement the special speech synthesizer for producing him vowels. It possible for the disable person to produce vowels by thinking of them, using a speech synthesizer. In the future, this breakthrough may help erase the word of speech disability.
ANALYTICAL STUDY OF WAVE MOTION OF A FALLING LIQUID FILM PAST A VERTICAL PLATEIJESM JOURNAL
In this article, the existence of gravity-capillary waves travelling down the surface of a falling liquid film past a vertical plate has been considered. Kapitza’s scheme of finding an approximate expression of velocity u when the film surface assumes an arbitrary shape y = h(x, t), which changes with time, has been emphasized. The expressions for dimensionless wavelength, dimensionless wave number and Weber number have been obtained and are computed for an admissible range of the wave celerity. The stream line pattern has also been studied and presented through graphs.
APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF VARIATION OF PARAMETERS: MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ...IJESM JOURNAL
In this paper, a second order wage equation is developed and solved by the method of variation of parameters. The subsequent wage function is then analyzed and interpreted for stability. Speculative parameters, which operate freely dictating employers’ expectations, are included in modeling this equation. The variation of these parameters causes both stability and instability of the wage function depending on circumstances. Where the wage function is exponential, asymptotic stability towards the equilibrium wage rate is observed but where it consists of both exponential and periodic factors, the time path shows periodic fluctuations with successive cycles giving smaller amplitudes until the ripples die naturally. It has been realized that where the wage rate is determined by free market forces of demand and supply, volatility in wage rate may be observed if not controlled. This may increase uncertainties and cause anxiety about investment and employment in the economy. The paper therefore proposes government intervention by creating a middle path in which wage rate is allowed to oscillate freely within a narrow band managed by employers in consultation with the workers under the watch of the government.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/