The document provides information about various aspects of photography including shutter speed, aperture, ISO, pixels, zoom, photo formats, types of cameras, and common challenges with digital cameras. It discusses key photography concepts and terms, gives examples of their uses, and shares tips for improving photo quality.

1. sekilas tentang fotografi

4. In photography, shutter speed is the common term for exposure time, the effective length of time a shutter is open; the total exposure is proportional to this exposure time, or duration of light reaching the film or image sensor. Shutter speed

6. Low shutter speed

7. Contoh penggunaan low shutter speed

8. 24 mm 35 mm 100 mm 50 mm Contoh penggunaan lensa

9. Contoh penggunaan lensa 1200 mm 800 mm 400 mm 200 mm

10. Diafragma (aperture) In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, or relative aperture) of an optical system expresses the diameter of the entrance pupil in terms of the focal length of the lens; in simpler terms, the f-number is the focal length divided by the "effective" aperture diameter. It is a dimensionless number that is a quantitative measure of lens speed, an important concept in photography.

11. Diafragma (aperture) Diafragma atau aperture (atau sering disebut bukaan) berfungsi untuk mengatur jumlah volume cahaya yang masuk. Alat ini biasanya terdapat di belakang lensa. Terdiri dari 5-8 lempengan logam yang tersusun dan dapat membuka lebih lebar atau lebih sempit. Semakin kecil angka diafragma, maka bukaan yang dihasilkan akan semakin lebar sehingga cahaya yang masuk semakin banyak, dan sebaliknya.

22. pixels The more pixels used to represent an image, the closer the result can resemble the original. The number of pixels in an image is sometimes called the resolution, though resolution has a more specific definition. Pixel counts can be expressed as a single number, as in a "three-megapixel" digital camera, which has a nominal three million pixels, or as a pair of numbers, as in a "640 by 480 display", which has 640 pixels from side to side and 480 from top to bottom (as in a VGA display), and therefore has a total number of 640 × 480 = 307,200 pixels or 0.3 megapixels.

23. ISO Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light. Film with lower sensitivity (lower ISO/ASA speed) requires a longer exposure and is thus called a slow film, while stock with higher sensitivity (higher ISO/ASA speed) can shoot the same scene with a shorter exposure and is called a fast film.

24. Zoom (optical/digital) Of the two types of zoom available, optical and digital, optical zoom is far more important. Optical zoom uses the camcorder's lens to magnify part of the image without losing any image quality. Digital zoom also enlarges images, but loses some of the image quality.

27. Format foto digital 2. RAW RAW, sebenarnya bukan merupakan singkatan, melainkan istilah bahasa inggris yang berarti “mentah”. RAW di sini berarti bahwa setiap data yang dihasilkan oleh sensor digital tidak dimampatkan (dikompresikan) seperti halnya format JPG. Keunggulannya adalah jenis file ini merekam 100% data tanpa mengalami penurunan kualitas gambar. Namun kelemahannya adalah besarnya file yang membengkak beberapa kali lipat.

28. Format foto digital 3. Bitmap Image (.bmp) Format ini adalah format grafis windows, kelemahannya tidak bisa menyimpan alpha channel serta pertukaran platform, yang diperlukan untuk membuat sebuah obyek gambar menjadi desktop wallpaper. 4. Graphics Interchange Format (.gif) Format ini adalah format standar internet atau electonic publishing, mampu menyimpan gambar dan animasi dua dimensi.

29. Jenis kamera

32. accessories

33. accessories

39. Contoh back light

41. Photo samples

46. Petra, Jordan

47. Stonehenge, Salisbury, Southern England

48. The Collosseum, Rome-Italy

49. Machu, Peru

50. Mosque, IRAN

51. Jesus, Brazil

52. AMONA, West Bank/Feb. 2006 A Jewish settler struggles with an Israeli security officer as authorities evacuate a West Bank settlement near the Palestinian town of Ramallah after Israel’s Supreme Court cleared the way for the demolition of nine homes at the site. This photo won first prize in The World Press Photo awards. (AP Photo/Oded Balilty)

54. News & Notes , March 2, 2006 · Farai Chideya talks to Dan Krauss, the director of The Death of Kevin Carter, an Oscar-nominated documentary about the life, work and suicide of a Pulitzer-prize winning South African photojournalist. Carter's winning photo shows a heart-breaking scene of a starving child collapsed on the ground, struggling to get to a food center during a famine in the Sudan in 1993. In the background, a vulture stalks the emaciated child. Carter was part of a group of four fearless photojournalists known as the "Bang Bang Club" who traveled throughout South Africa capturing the atrocities committed during apartheid. Haunted by the horrific images from Sudan, Carter committed suicide in 1994 soon after receiving the award. So be a good friend of this world. With your pictures, share the moments with others.

55. Good Luck ! Wishing You A Joyful and Prosperous New Year 2009 ! Thank You