1. The document discusses various categories and technologies for knowledge management (KM) as identified by Liao in a 2003 literature review, including KM frameworks, knowledge-based systems, data mining, information and communication technologies, expert systems, database technologies, and modeling. 2. It also discusses main functions of KM aided by information technology, including knowledge creation, accumulation, and sharing. 3. Key challenges discussed for adoption of KM technologies include the need for organizational culture and mindset changes, as well as ensuring meaningful knowledge sharing and distribution within appropriate contexts.

1. By Juan D. Machin M. Tallinn University Institute of Information Studies March 2011 Part of the Information and Knowledge Management Course for DILL 4 students

6. IMS: software that enables a range of practices involving information. KMS: an instance of IMS emphasizing an approach to build knowledge out of information (managed or contained). Companies “try” to build KMS to manage organizational learning and business know-how. Tseng (2008)

7. Early (mid 90s) KMS were just corporate yellow pages as indexes of professionals by expertise in an organization Then, semantic technologies for search & retrieval and the development of e-learning tools for communities of practice ( Capozzi 2007) . social networking tools allow unstructured, self-governing or ecosystem approaches to the transfer, capture and creation of knowledge, and with it, the development of communities and networks.

8. Main functions of KM aided by IT (Sher & Lee, 2004, pp. 3-4) : 1. knowledge creation (black box) a knowledge spiral framework (Nonaka & Takeuchi, 1995) has been proposed as having more descriptive value in explaining the process of socialization, articulation, combination, and internalization. 3. knowledge sharing: provides employees encountering similar decisions short-cuts to solutions and thus enhances learning, enabling employees to respond to environmental change at an increased pace with less cost.

10. Liao (2003) surveyed knowledge management development using a literature review and classification of articles from 1995 to 2002. He classified KM technologies using seven categories: 1. KM Framework 2. Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) 3. Data Mining (DM) 4. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) 5. Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Expert Systems (ES) 6. Database Technology (DT) 7. Modeling

11. Defined by Liao as technological frameworks created from different KM theories such as: Knowledge creation (Nonaka et al, 1996), Knowledge assets (Wilkins et al, 1997), and (Wiig et al, 1997), Organizational learning (Heijst et al, 1997), Organizational innovation (Johannessen et al, 1999), Intellectual capital (Liebowitz and Wright, 1999), Strategy management (Drew, 1999) and (Hendriks and Vriens, 1999), Organizational impact (Hendriks and Vriens, 1999), Systems thinking (Rubenstein-Montano et al, 2001), Artificial intelligence/Expert systems (Liebowitz, 2001), Knowledge inertia (Liao, 2002).

13. “ The process of selecting, exploring, and modeling large amounts of data to uncover previously unknown patterns.” (Tyndale, 2002, p. 6) . Based on knowledge discovery on databases Amazon recommends the user similar products...

14. This category is broadly based on Information and Communication Technologies for exchanging and sharing data. Using applications or platforms that make use of the Internet, Intranets or Virtual Private Networks.

18. 1. Intranets Distribution system that uses Internet tools and technology. Access company documents (policies, manuals procedures), software (!), scheduling, databases, newsletters, publishing. 2. Web portals Provides links to other sites to be accessed directly by clicking on a designated part of it, or by browsing through categories.

30. 16. Knowledge creation applications Include: brainstorming applications, concepts mapping, mind mapping, decision support applications. From the earlier list KM framework...

31. Glorified content management systems? Too many or too few features? Difficult to adopt, utility vs. effort Major re-engineering/organization born that way Best open source KMS? MediaWiki?

33. Google doesn’t have answers > sites like forums or Q&A sites Web 2.0 > user generated content > experts anyone? Wisdom of the crowd Using social networking tools in combination, you can create a platform for the distribution and sharing of knowledge. Starting a wiki can serve for the establishment of an online community of practice.

34. Corporate and web 2.0 are different environments, operate under different rules. What is acceptable in social or leisure time is not necessarily acceptable professional time. Why has the corporate world been so slow to adopt these technologies? Necessary paradigm shift related to how we process information, from hierarchical order and paper to higher levels of comfort with user contribution, less order, and a "please, no paper" attitude. (White, P., 2009, para. 5-6) Meaningfulness…

35. Folksonomy can succeed in a world where so many people tag, that there will be enough similar tagging to what is wanted by each person, no matter how he or she thinks. Organizational world is much smaller and therefore the rules are different. It has already experienced this difference, while trying to copy internet forums to organizational internal discussion groups, which yielded much smaller success. (Levy, 2009, pp. 13-14) In the Internet, it is enough that a minority share and we will feel like the whole world is sharing. (Levy, 2009, pp. 13-14)

36. Success will not be triggered by adopting tools. IKM world might not be mature enough to loose control and move to altruism without any organizational central guidance. It is too soon to let free, and enable people to share where and only when they wish. Organizations do not have the mass of people of the WEB, a critical factor of its success. The issue of the value of the intangible