Tech presentation (part 1)

Technology Terms
─ Abhijit Roy

Hardware
• Computer hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer and related devices.
• Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard drives, and RAM.
• External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and scanners.
• In information technology, hardware is the physical aspect of computers,
telecommunications, and other devices.

Software
• Computer software is a general term that describes computer programs. Related terms such
as software programs, applications, scripts, and instruction sets all fall under the category of
computer software.
• Software is a general term for the various kinds of programs used to operate
computers and related devices.

Browser
• Browser interprets HTML code including text, images, hypertext links, Javascript, and Java
applets. After rendering the HTML code, the browser displays a nicely formatted page.
• Some common browsers are:
• Microsoft Internet Explorer,
• Mozilla Firefox,
• Google Chrome
• Apple Safari.
• A Web browser, often just called a "browser," is the program people use to
access the World Wide Web.

HTML
• Web pages must conform to the rules of HTML in order to be displayed correctly in a Web browser.
• The markup tells the Web browser how to display a Web page's words and images for the user.
• Each individual markup code is referred to as an element (also refer to it as a tag) like <html>, <head>,
<head>, <title>, <script>, <body>, <div>…
• HTML 5 is the next revision of the HTML, with many addition like
• New attributes
• Drag and drop
• Back button management
• Timed media playback
• Offline editing
• Messaging enhancements
• Stands for "Hyper-Text Markup Language." HTML is the set of markup
symbols or codes inserted in a file intended for display on a standard Web
browser.

HTTP
• HTTP functions as a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model.
• HTTP defines methods (also referred to as verbs) to indicate the desired action to be
performed on the identified resource.
• Requests methods in use:
• GET
• HEAD
• POST
• PUT
• TRACE ...
• Stands for "HyperText Transfer Protocol." This is the protocol used to transfer
data over the World Wide Web.

DBMS
• The DBMS manages incoming data, organizes it, and provides ways for the data to be
modified or extracted by users or other programs.
• Some DBMS examples include
• Oracle,
• SQL Server,
• DB2 / DB 400
• MySQL
• Stands for "Database Management System." DBMS is a software system that
uses a standard method of cataloging, retrieving, and running queries on
data.

Table
• Databases often contain multiple tables, with each one designed for a specific purpose.
• A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of rows.
• Each row is identified by the values appearing in a particular column subset which has been
identified as a unique key index.
• A table is a data structure that organizes information into rows and columns.
It can be used to both store and display data in a structured format.

SQL
• SQL is a query language used for accessing and modifying information in a database.
• Some common SQL commands include "insert," "update," and "delete.“
• Stands for "Structured Query Language," and can be pronounced as either
"sequel" or "S-Q-L."

Index
• Most database software includes indexing technology that enables sub-linear time lookup to
improve performance, as linear search is inefficient for large databases.
• Indices are used to police database constraints, such as UNIQUE, EXCLUSION, PRIMARY KEY
and FOREIGN KEY.
• An index may be declared as UNIQUE which creates an implicit constraint on the underlying
table.
• Database systems usually implicitly create an index on a set of columns declared PRIMARY
KEY, and some are capable of using an already existing index to police this constraint.
• In a relational database, indexes are used to quickly and efficiently provide
the exact location of the corresponding data.

API
• An API is a set of commands, functions, and protocols which programmers can use when
building software for a specific operating system.
• The API allows programmers to use predefined functions to interact with the operating
system, instead of writing them from scratch.
• API makes the programmer's job easier, it also benefits the end user, since it ensures all
programs using the same API will have a similar user interface.
• Stands for "Application Program Interface," though it is sometimes referred
to as an "Application Programming Interface."

SSRS
• SSRS includes a complete set of tools for you to create, manage, and deliver reports, and APIs
that enable developers to integrate or extend data and report processing in custom
applications.
• With SSRS, one can create interactive, tabular, graphical, or free-form reports from relational,
multidimensional, or XML-based data sources.
• Reports can include rich data visualization, including charts, maps, and sparklines.
• One can publish reports, schedule report processing, or access reports on-demand.
• One can select from a variety of viewing formats, export reports to other applications such as
Microsoft Excel, and subscribe to published reports.
• SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) is a server-based reporting platform
from Microsoft that provides comprehensive reporting functionality for a
variety of data sources.

XML
• The design goals of XML emphasize simplicity, generality, and usability over the Internet
• It is a textual data format with strong support via Unicode for the languages of the world
• It is identified as best method of exchanging data between distinct application
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a markup language that defines a set of
rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and
machine-readable.

CSS
• CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a
similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the
layout, colors, and fonts.
• This separation can improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and
reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tableless
web design).
• CSS can also allow the same markup page to be presented in different styles for different
rendering methods, such as on-screen, in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based
browser or screen reader) and on Braille-based, tactile devices
• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the
presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a
markup language.

IDE
• The IDE may be a standalone application or may be included as part of one or more existing
and compatible applications.
• IDEs provide a user-friendly framework for many modern programming languages, such as
MS Visual Studio, Eclipse, PL/Sql Developer etc..
• IDEs for developing HTML applications are among the most commonly used.
• An Integrated Development Environment is a programming environment that
has been packaged as an application program, typically consisting of a code
editor, a compiler, a debugger, and a graphical user interface (GUI) builder.

Cloud Computing
• The idea of the "cloud" simplifies the many network connections and computer systems
involved in online services.
• Any user with an Internet connection can access the cloud and the services it provides.
• Since these services are often connected, users can share information between multiple
systems and with other users.
• Cloud computing refers to applications and services offered over the Internet.
These services are offered from data centers all over the world, which
collectively are referred to as the "cloud."

Batch File
• A user can also create a custom batch file to automate tedious processes such as copying
multiple directories or renaming several files at once.
• Batch files are run by the COMMAND.COM program, which is part of DOS and Windows.
• Linux and Unix have other scripting tools, such as shell commands, that can be used for
similar tasks.
• Windows batch file have extension as .bat; Linux and Unix files have extension as .sh or .bsh
• A batch file is a type of script that contains a list of commands. These
commands are executed in sequence and can be used to automate processes.

Compiler
• Compiler is included as part of the integrated development environment IDE with most
programming software packages.
• The compiler takes source code files that are written in a high-level language, such as C#, CB,
or Java, and compiles the code into a low-level language, such as machine code or assembly
code.
• After a compiler compiles source code files into a program, the program cannot be modified.
• Therefore, any changes must be made in the source code and the program must be
recompiled.
• A compiler is a software program that compiles program source code files into
an executable program.

DLL
• Dynamic links help programs use resources, such as memory and hard drive space, more
efficiently.
• DLL files can also be used by more than one program, they can even be used by multiple
programs at the same time.
• DLLs are compiled programs that need not be opened rather it will be referred or called for
specific function (purpose).
• Stands for "Dynamic Link Library." A DLL (.dll) file contains a library of
functions and other information that can be accessed by a Windows program.
When a program is launched, links to the necessary .dll files are created.

ASP.NET
• ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write
ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language.
• ASP.NET aims for performance benefits over other script-based technologies (including
classic ASP) by compiling the server-side code to one or more DLL files on the Web server.
• ASP.NET website must be published to a Web server that supports ASP.NET applications.
• Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS) Web server is by far the most common
platform for ASP.NET websites.
• ASP.NET is a server-side Web application framework designed for Web development
to produce dynamic Web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to allow
programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services.

Programming Language
• Languages that programmers use to write code are called “high-level languages”.
• This code can be compiled into a “low-level language”, which is recognized directly by the
computer hardware.
• Examples of high-level languages include C++, C#, Java, Perl & Php.
• Languages like C#, C++ and Java are called “compiled languages” since the source code must
first be compiled in order to run.
• Languages like Perl and PHP are called “interpreted languages” since the source code can be
run through an interpreter without being compiled.
• A programming language is a set of commands, instructions, and other syntax
use to create a software program.

Java
• Java was originally designed for developing programs for set-top boxes and handheld devices,
but later became a popular choice for creating web applications.
• The Java syntax is similar to C++, but is strictly an object-oriented programming language.
• Java programs are interpreted by the Java Virtual Machine, or JVM, which runs on multiple
platforms.
• JVM is included as part of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE)
• Java is a high-level programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. Java is,
as of 2012, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for
client-server web applications, with a reported 10 million users.

Javascript
• As part of web browsers, implementations allow client-side scripts to interact with the user,
control the browser, communicate asynchronously, and alter the document content that is
displayed.
• It has also become common in server-side programming, game development and the
creation of desktop applications.
• JavaScript has become one of the most popular programming languages on the web.
• Web developers can use JavaScript to validate form input, create image rollovers, and to
open those annoying pop-up windows.
• Like Java, this is a programming lanuguage designed by Sun Microsystems, in
conjuction with Netscape, that can be integrated into standard HTML pages.

UI
• A good user interface provides a "user-friendly" experience, allowing the user to interact with
the software or hardware in a natural and intuitive way.
• Nearly all software programs have a graphical user interface, or GUI. This means the program
includes graphical controls, which the user can select using a mouse or keyboard.
• A typical GUI of a software program includes a menu bar, toolbar, windows, buttons, and
other controls.
• A user interface, also called a "UI" or simply an "interface," is the means in
which a person controls a software application or hardware device.

UX
• Additionally, it includes a person’s perceptions of the practical aspects such as utility, ease of
use and efficiency of the system.
• User experience is subjective in nature because it is about individual perception and thought
with respect to the system.
• User experience is dynamic as it is constantly modified over time due to changing
circumstances and new innovations.
• User experience (UX) involves a person's emotions about using a particular product,
system or service. User experience highlights the experiential, affective, meaningful
and valuable aspects of human-computer interaction and product ownership

IIS
• IIS 7.5 supports HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, FTPS, SMTP and NNTP.
• It is an integral part of the Windows Server family of products (and their client counterparts
in the cases of Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000), as well as certain editions of Windows
XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7.
• IIS is not turned on by default when Windows is installed.
• The IIS Manager is accessed through the Microsoft Management Console or Administrative
Tools in the Control Panel.
• Internet Information Services (IIS) – formerly called Internet Information
Server – is a Microsoft web server software application and set of feature
extension modules created by Microsoft for use with Microsoft Windows.

Internet Information Services (IIS) | DEMO

App Pools
• Isolation of different web application
• Individual worker process for different web application
• More reliably web application
• Better Performance
• Application / App pools are used to separate sets of IIS worker processes that share
the same configuration and application boundaries. App pools used to isolate our
web application for better security, reliability, availability and performance and keep
running with out impacting each other.

Hyperlink
• Hyperlinks are found in nearly all Web pages, allowing users to click their way from page to
page.
• Text hyperlinks are by default in blue color and underlined, but it depends on how site is
designed.
• When you move the cursor over a hyperlink, whether it is text or an image, the arrow should
change to a small hand pointing at the link.
• When you click it, a new page or place in the current page will open.
• A hyperlink is a word, phrase, or image that you can click on to jump to a new
document or a new section within the current document. Hyperlinks, often
referred to as just links.

Source Code
• The source code of a program is specially designed to facilitate the work of computer
programmers, who specifies the actions to be performed by a computer mostly by writing
source code.
• The source code is often transformed by a compiler program into low-level machine code
understood by the computer.
• Most computer applications are distributed in a form that includes executable files, where
source code are not included.
• In computer science, source code is any collection of computer instructions
(possibly with comments) written using some human-readable computer
language, usually as text.

Framework
• Advantage of using framework is it streamlines the development process since programmers
don't need to reinvent the wheel each time.
• A framework is similar to an API.
• As the name suggests, a framework serves as a foundation for programming, while an API
provides access to the elements supported by the framework.
• Framework in use : Web application framework, Application framework - General GUI
applications, Middleware, Enterprise Architecture framework, Decision support systems,
Multimedia framework - Media playback and authoring, Cactus Framework - High
performance scientific computing, etc...
• A framework, is a platform that provides a foundation using which programs
can be build. Framework includes predefined functions that can be used to
build applications.

Version Control System
• Changes are usually identified by a number or letter code, termed the "revision number",
"revision level", or simply "revision".
• For example, an initial set of files is "revision 1". When the first change is made, the resulting
set is "revision 2", and so on.
• Each revision is associated with a timestamp and the person making the change. Revisions
can be compared, restored, and with some types of files, merged.
• Known VCS: Git, Mercurial, Subversion (SVN), Team Foundation Server (TFS), Visual
SourceSafe (VSS),
• Revision control, also known as version control and source control (and an aspect of
software configuration management), is the management of changes to documents,
computer programs, large web sites, and other collections of information.

Thank You | FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION
Contain from:
http://www.techterms.com/definition
http://en.wikipedia.org/

Tech presentation (part 1)

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