1. Teaching & Assessing with the ACRL Framework
DIANE FULKERSON
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA SARASOTA-MANATEE
PLAN FLA MINI -CONFERENCE GULF COAST STATE COLLEGE
SEPTEMBER 11, 2015
3. A Threshold Concept is…
•New way to solve problems
•An easily grasped lesson for one-shots
•A problem encountered by newly weds
•Theoretical approach to learning focused on the transformative,
educationally critical content of a discipline
4. When I define “information literacy” for a non-librarian
colleague I…
•Tell them it is librarian terminology for research skills
•Give them a copy of the ACRL Framework or Standards
•Tell them it is a librarian thing
•Change the subject
5. Teaching with the Framework
Do we need to use the Framework?
Threshold Concept theory
Teaching with the Frames
Assessing Instruction
6. What is a threshold concept?
“A threshold concept can be considered as akin to a portal opening up a
new and previously inaccessible way of thinking about something.”
--Meyer & Land
7. Threshold Concepts are…
Transformative—cause a shift in perspective
Irreversible—once learned cannot be unlearned
Integrative—unifies facts/lessons/concepts
Bounded—defines the boundaries of a particular discipline
Troublesome—counter-intuitive
9. New Opportunities
Less is more
More flexibility
Move away from skills
Knowledge based learning/discovery
Assignment focused one-shots
Explore your options
Combine Frames
10. Instructional Design
Understanding by Design—Wiggins and McTighe
Develop “essential questions” and “understandings”
Understandings=Learning Outcomes
Use Frames to create “essential questions”
Interactive learning
Predictable misunderstandings
11. Understandings/Learning Outcomes
Important inferences—specific and useful generalization
Transferable big ideas—enduring value
Abstract, counterintuitive, easily misunderstood
Developed by “uncovering” and “doing”—realistic
Summarizes important strategic principles in skill areas
13. Creating a One-Shot Class
Three stages of design development are:
Desired result is for learners to…(Stage 1)
Student evidence of their ability to…(Stage 2)
Learning activities need to…(Stage 3)
Let’s create a class focused on the Frame--
◦ Searching as Strategic Exploration
◦ This frame can be used in combination with:
◦ Authority is Constructed and Contextual
◦ Information Creation as Process
14. Stage 1 Desired Result
Students can search effectively and efficiently
◦ Develop a search strategy
◦ Use database resources to find other articles
◦ Determine information need
◦ Identify scholarly and non-scholarly sources
15. Stage 2 Student Evidence of Ability to…
Develop a search strategy
Use search limiters to expand or narrow results
Find information from different sources
16. Stage 3 Learning Activities
Provide students with a search scenario
◦ Ask two questions
◦ What do you know?
◦ Where will you find the information?
◦ Provide an overview of relevant library resources
◦ Ask them to develop a search strategy
◦ Identify a blog/wiki they would use
◦ Evaluate the blog for content/purpose/authority
17. Assessment
Two questions to ask when developing assessment
◦ How will you know students achieved the outcome?
◦ How will students demonstrate they’ve achieved it?
18. Assessing our Example
How would we assess students for Information has Value?
◦ Class discussion/questions asked
◦ For this scenario walk around the classroom
◦ Listen to discussion
◦ Ask students to share their answers to the questions
◦ Formative vs. Summative Assessment
22. Authority is Constructed and Contextual
● Big Questions
o What makes someone an authority on a topic?
o What are some indicators of authority?
o How does bias privilege some sources over others?
● Understandings/Learning Outcomes
o Evaluate a source in order to determine if it meets their information need
o Define or identify different types of authority
o Identify ways authority can limit diverse ideas
● Instruction Activities
○ Provide student with three different sources on the same topic
○ Select different formats for each of the sources
○ Ask them to explain why the articles are authoritative
○ Ask students evaluate/analyze social media posts for a current event and determine why the post is or is not credible
○ Ask students to find movie reviews from different sources and identify biases, authority, and format
23. Information Creation as a Process
● Big Questions
o Does the format indicate credibility and/or quality?
o How does one match information need with the information creation process?
o Why was a particular format used?
● Understandings/Learning Outcomes
o Distinguish between different formats and their limitations
o Identify how the creation process impacts the way the information will be used
● Instruction Activities
o Use a Wikipedia article to discuss how information is created
o Provide sources in different formats--students will try to determine if they are primary, secondary, or tertiary
24. Information has Value
● Big Questions
o How can powerful interests use the value of information to marginalize certain interests?
o What is the impact of open access publications on the value of information?
o Why is it important to cite sources in research?
● Understandings/Learning Outcomes
o Explain the value/importance of citing sources
o Identify why some groups are marginalized through the production and dissemination of information
o Determine how the personal information shared online has value
● Instruction Activities
○ Use the recent court case between the estate of Marvin Gaye and Robin Thicke and have students discuss/explain issues
of copyright, plagiarism, and intellectual property.
○ Have students demonstrate how their online information has value to others
○ Identify issues that impact access to information
25. Research as Inquiry
● Big Questions
o In what ways is research an iterative process?
o How does the research need determine the questions to be answered?
o How can information gaps be found through the research process?
● Understandings/Learning Outcomes
o Students will develop research questions based on information need
o Use research questions to identify key concepts to create a search strategy
o Apply various research methods based on need and type of inquiry
● Instruction Activities
o Use mind mapping software such as Coogle to identify search terms
o Ask them to list the type of information and where they would find it to purchase an item such as a car
26. Scholarship as Conversation
● Big Questions
o How does someone become part of the scholarly conversation?
o Why is it important to find more than one perspective about a topic?
o How do authority structures limit the ability to enter into the scholarly conversation?
● Understanding/Learning Outcomes
o Citing sources in the creation of information
o Become a contributor at the appropriate level
o Identify the contribution of scholarly materials to disciplinary knowledge
● Instruction Activities
o Provide reference page from an article and ask students to find one of the articles listed using the citations provided
o Divide students into group and have them search for different types of information then teach other how to find
information
o Peer review of their evaluation of a scholarly article
27. Searching as Strategic Exploration
● Big Questions
o What role does serendipity play in the search process?
o How does the research need determine the type of search strategy to use?
o Why is it necessary to search a variety of sources to find the needed information?
● Understandings/Learning Outcomes
o Use brainstorming and other techniques when searching
o Match information need with search strategy.
o Use previous search results to expand or refine search strategies
● Instruction Activities
o Concept Maps
o Use bibliography to find another source
o Jigsaw method to develop a search strategy
o Identify the types of sources needed
29. Sources
ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework
Cowan, S.M. (2014) “Information Literacy: The Battle We Won That We Lost? portal: Libraries and the Academy, 14(1), 23-32
Fister, B. (2015) A Bit of a Tall Order. Retrieved from: http://goo.gl/d8vPoN
Fister, B. (2015) Standards, Frameworks, and the Work We Need To Do. Retrieved from: http://goo.gl/pf84zr
Hofer, A., Brunetti, K. & Townsend, L. (2013) A Thresholds Concepts Approach To The Standards Revision. Communications in Information Literacy, 7(2)
108-113
Knapp, M. & Brower, S. (2014) The ACRL Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education: Implications for Health Sciences Librarianship. Medical
Reference Services Quarterly, 33(4) 460-468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2014.957098
Launius, C. & Hassel, H. (2015) Threshold Concepts in Women’s and Gender Studies: Ways of Seeing, Thinking, and Knowing. New York, NY: Routledge
Meyer, J. & Land, R. (2003) Threshold Concepts and Troublesome Knowledge: Linkages to Ways of Thinking and Practising within the Disciplines.
Enhancing Teaching-Learning Environments in Undergraduate Courses Project, Occasional Report 4. Retrieved from: http://www.etl.tla.ed.ac.uk/
Oakleaf, M.(2014) A Roadmap for Assessing Student Learning Using the New Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. The Journal of
Academic Librarianship, 40(5) 510-514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aclib.2014.08.001
30. Sources
Houvis, A. (2015) “Part 2: ACRL Alignments-Current and Proposed.” Retrieved from https://designerlibrarian.wordpress.com/tag/information-
literacy-competency-standards-for-higher-education/
Swanson, T. (2004) A Radical Step: Implementing A Critical Information Literacy Model. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 4(2) 259-273. DOI:
10.1353/pla.2004.0038
Wiggins, G. & McTighe, J. (2005) Understanding by Design. Alexandria, VA: ACSD (Association for Supervision and Curriculum)
ACRL Crossing the Threshold Workshop Outcomes http://guides.library.unlv.edu/content.php?pid=655776&sid=5494090
Nicole Pagowsky’s Outcomes http://pumpedlibrarian.blogspot.com/2014/12/acrlilrevisions-next-steps.html
Threshold Concepts & Information Literacy http://www.ilthresholdconcepts.com/
Black, B. & Diaz, K. (2015) The Problem with teaching “the Library” to First Years and How Metacognition Can Help. Retrieved from:
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/68605/IL-Symposium-PresentationSlides-10April2015.pdf?sequence=1
USC Libraries Information Literacy Outcomes for Undergraduates http://libguides.usc.edu/ld.php?content_id=10093239
ACRL Framework List http://lists.ala.org/wws/info/acrlframe
Bravender, P., McClure, H. & Schaub, G. (eds.) (2015) Teaching Information Literacy Threshold Concepts. Chicago, IL: Association of College and
Research Libraries
Smith, K. (2015) “Intersections, Frames, and Lines.” Peer to Peer Review Academic Voices. Retrieved from http://goo.gl/zIUlpZ