2. The limits of my language are the
limits of my mind.
All I know is what I have words for.
-Ludwig Wittgenstein
3. Does this sound familiar?
“When I’m starting to read a chapter, I just sit
down and open the book up and start from the
top. I read every line once slowly, but if it’s too
long, I skip to a new paragraph. If it is a long
chapter I will take a few breaks. If there is a
difficult word I don’t know, I try to pronounce it or
I might just skip it so I can finish faster. If it is
really hard, I just wait for the teacher to go over
it.”
4. Effects of weakness in oral
language
Because poor readers read
considerably less than better readers,
the gap between good and poor
readers in number of words read, and
both receptive and expressive
vocabulary becomes progressively
greater as the child advances through
school.
Cunningham, A. and Stanoich
5. Importance of Vocabulary
There is a strong relationship between
vocabulary knowledge and reading
comprehension.
Vocabulary knowledge is so strongly related
to intelligence that Klouis Terman, creator of
modern IQ tests, stated that if he could use
only one factor to determine a person’s
intelligence, it would be vocabulary.
6. How do you build vocabulary?
Determine critical terms to be explicitly
taught. Keep the list short.
Essential lesson concept words
Academic Vocabulary (see slide 20)
Teach students meaningful work parts-
prefixes, suffixes, and roots (handouts sent).
Students must participate actively and
accountably in explicit vocabulary instruction
to process words more deeply.
Reinforce use of vocabulary multiple times.
7. Explicit Vocabulary Teaching
Connect - Create explanations before
definitions. Longman’s Dictionary does this.
Process - Active elaboration through use of
synonyms/antonyms, verbal examples, non-
verbal examples, compare and contrast,
apply in new contexts
Practice - Receptive (read and listen) and
Expressive (speak and write)
9. Vocabulary Knowledge Rating
High Knowledge Low Knowledge
4- I could teach it to the class 2- I recognize it, but need review
3 - I am pretty sure what it means 1. I have no clue what it means
Term Before
Instruction
After
Instruction
estatic, adj.
Lexicon, n
11. Instructional Sequence for
Teaching Critical Words
Taken from Dr. Kate Kinsella:
Make sure students see the new word
Lexicon
Pronounce the new word
Lek si kan
Ask students to repeat the new word
Lexicon
Clarify the part of speech
Noun
12. Instructional Sequence
Provide an accessible synonym and/or a
brief explanation
Synonym: a dictionary
Definition: all of the words of a particular
language, the special vocabulary of a
profession, hobby
Provide a visual or non-linguistic
representation and/or “showing” sentence.
Medical lexicon
Skater lexicon
13. Instructional Sequence
Rephrase the simple definition/explanation,
asking students to complete the statement by
substituting aloud the new word
To understand the doctor’s prognosis, you had to
understand his lexicon.
It was difficult to understand what the skater was explaining
because of his lexicon.
Check for understanding with a brief, focused
question/task.
Would you have a lexicon if you were cooking?
14. Effective Vocabulary Instruction
Descriptions as opposed to definitions (see
Longman dictionary)
Use of linguistic and non linguistic
representations
Gradual shaping of word meaning over
multiple exposure
Teaching and using word parts
Students interacting with the words they are
learning
15. Differentiate Instruction
Prepare lesson
Provide note-taking scaffold to support
listening and review. This provides for active
participation in vocabulary instruction.
Structure routine opportunities for students to
apply the new word both in speaking and
writing.
16. Vocabulary Note-taking
Scaffold - Prepare Lesson
Term Synonym/explanation Example/image/showing
sentence
Comparison
n
An examination/study of
two or more things to
show how they are alike
and different
• comparison shopping for a new
car
• The jeep looks tiny in
comparison to the Hummer.
Impact, n Effect or influence • image of a Big Mac and fries
• Eating a junk food diet will have
a negative impact on your health
17. Heavy Scaffold
Term Synonym/explanation Example/image/showing
sentence
Comparison
n
An examination/study of
two or more things to
show how they are alike
and ____________.
• comparison shopping for a new
car
• The jeep looks tiny in
comparison to ______________.
Impact, n Effect or influence • image of a Big Mac and fries
• Eating ____________ will have
a negative impact on your health
18. Weaning from Scaffold
Term Synonym/explanation Example/image/showing sentence
Comparison
n
• An examination/study of
two or more things to
show how they are alike
and different
• comparison shopping for ________
•.
Impact, n •
•
• image of a Big Mac and fries
• Eating a junk food diet will have a
___________ impact on
__________.
19. Plan Vocabulary Instruction
Which key words or concepts are vital to
understanding?
Is the word encountered frequently?
Are their words that can be grouped together to
enhance understanding of a central concept?
How can I help students use the word/concept in
meaningful ways in future speaking and writing
contexts?
How will I teach them to study academic vocabulary?
What method is most appropriate for student to study
the words?
20. Another resource for
vocabulary instruction
The Academic Word List - a high-
incidence and high-utility 500 word list
occur frequently over wide range of
academic texts
http://language.massey.ac.nz/staff/awl/ind
21. Assignment
Create a vocabulary lesson using the
note-taking structure.
Modify the lesson by substituting blanks
for some of the words based on the
needs of the student you are following.