5. Why did the vocabulary
instruction not increase
comprehension?
6. What type of vocabulary
instruction does not
increase comprehension?
• “Wrong” words are taught.
• Indepth-word knowledge is not
produced.
7. What type of vocabulary
words and instruction does
improve comprehension?
• ‘Mature’ and/or ‘Domain Specific’
words are taught.
• Indepth-word knowledge is produced.
9. Types of Vocabulary Words
Tier Label Features Utility Examples
3
Domain
Words
•low frequency
•domain specific
•specializing
language user
high
inside
knowledge
domain
isotope
lathe
peninsula
refinery
2
Mature
Words
•high frequency
•across domains
•maturing language
user
high
across
knowledge
domains
incidence
absurd
industrious
fortunate
1
Basic
Words
•high frequency
•in everyday
domains
•beginning language
user
high
in
everyday
domain
clock
baby
happy
walk
Beck, McKeown, & Kucan (2002)
12. Selecting Words: Quantity
• How many words to teach?
• Depends on -- your students
-- your subject
-- your materials
-- your goals
13. Selecting Words: Quantity
• How many words to teach?
• “The Magical Number Seven,
Plus or Minus Two”1
• 5-10 words (at a time)
1
Miller, G.A. (1956). The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on our Capacity for
Processing Information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97.
20. Example: tamper
• Definition: “to interfere in a secret
or incorrect way”
• Explanation: “to change something
secretly so that it does not work
properly or becomes harmful”
21. Example: ally
• Definition: “one associated with
another”
• Explanation: “someone who helps
you in what you are trying to do,
especially when there are other
people who are against you”
22. Example: illusion
• Definition: “appearance or feeling
that misleads because it is not real”
• Explanation: “something that looks
like one thing but is really something
else or is not there at all”
23. Engaging
• Have students use word meanings
right away
• Have students process word meanings
deeply
24. Example: Word Associations
• Explanations for: accomplice,
virtuoso, philanthropist, novice
• Which word goes with crook?
• Which word goes with “gift to build a
new hospital”?
• Which word goes with piano?
• Which word goes with kindergartner?
25. Example: Have You Ever …?
• Describe a time when you might:
• -- urge someone
• -- commend someone
• --banter with someone
26. Example: Idea Completions
• The audience asked the virtuoso to
play another piece of music because
…
• The skiing instructor said Maria was a
novice on the slopes because …
• When might you … ?
• How might you … ?
29. Review
“Mastering the information and ideas
of any language or discipline is
largely a matter of mastering the
vocabulary used to represent
concepts.”
--Doug Hartman
37. Homonym, Homophone &
Homograph
Sound Spelling Meaning Example
4. Homonym same same different
calculus/
calculus/
calculus
5. Homophone same different different
carat/
caret/
carrot
6. Homograph different same different
bow/
bow
51. 9. Semantic Word Map
Word
Feeling Explanation
Experience
malfrat
thug,
crook
52. 9. Etymology
(The study of word histories.)
DIEGO
Gender: Masculine
Usage: Spanish
Pronounced: DYE-go
Possibly a short form of SANTIAGO, but it is more
likely derived from the medieval name Didacus
which meant "teaching" from Greek διδαχη
(didache).
A famous bearer of this name was Mexican
muralist Diego Rivera.
53. 9. Etymology
• FRACTION: 1391, from L.L. fractionem
(nom. fractio) "a breaking," especially into
pieces, from root of L. frangere (pt. fregi)
"to break," from PIE base *bhr(e)g- (cf. Skt.
(giri)-bhraj "breaking-forth (out of the
mountains);" Goth. brikan, O.E. brecan "to
break;" Lith. brasketi "crash, crack;" O.Ir.
braigim "break" wind). Mathematical sense
was the original one in Eng. Sense of
"broken off piece, fragment," is from 1606.
• Synonyms (in ancient Greek syn 'συν' = plus and onoma 'όνομα' = name) are different words with similar or identical meanings and are interchangeable.
• Which synonym is the most energetic and vivacious, which the least?
• A ntonyms , from the Greek anti ("opposite") and onoma ("name") are word pairs that are opposite in meaning , such as hot and cold , obese and skinny , and up and down .
• Which is the strongest, most negative opposite?
･ Denotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the "dictionary definition." ｬ For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you will discover that one of its denotative meanings is "any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptiles ﾁ Khaving a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions.” ･ Connotation , on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meanings of a word exist together with the denotative meanings. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger.
• Homonym - 1. Pathology An abnormal concretion in the body, usually formed of mineral salts and found in the gallbladder, kidney, or urinary bladder, for example. - 2. Dentistry See tartar . - 3. Mathematics a. The branch of mathematics that deals with limits and the differentiation and integration of functions of one or more variables. b. A method of analysis or calculation using a special symbolic notation. c. The combined mathematics of differential calculus and integral calculus. - 4. A system or method of calculation: " [a] dazzling grasp of the nation's byzantine budget calculus" David M. Alpern. • Homophone - ･ Carat (mass) , a unit of mass for gemstones, equal to 0.2 gram ･ Carat (purity) or karat, a unit of purity for gold - Caret is the name for the symbol ^ in ASCII and some other character sets . - A carrot ( Daucus carota ) is a root vegetable , usually orange or white in color with a woody texture. The edible part of a carrot is a taproot . -----> chow/ciao (interlingual homophones) • Homograph - bow, the front part of a ship - bow, to bend - bow, a decorative knot
Littice: From http://www.jfsowa.com/logic/math.htm
Littice: From http://www.jfsowa.com/logic/math.htm
• un malfrat [mal fra](informal) - thug, crook, truant; Il y a une bande de malfrats dans ce quartier - There's a gang of truants around here.Related: malfaisant (adj) - evil, wicked; un malfaiteur - criminal, gangster, thief
• un malfrat [mal fra](informal) - thug, crook, truantIl y a une bande de malfrats dans ce quartier - There's a gang of truants around here.Related: malfaisant (adj) - evil, wicked; un malfaiteur - criminal, gangster, thief
