This file covers the basic concepts of kingdom system

1. TAXONOMY
2 BIO-DOMAINS
1. DomainProkarya
a) KingdomProkaryotae orBacteria
a.Archeaor Archebacteria
b.Eubacteria
Prokaryotes,Unicellularand/colonial,Some
Have cell wall made of peptidoglycan,some are
Autotroph(ChemoorPhoto) andsome are heterotroph,
Some are aerobicandsome are anaerobic.
All prokaryotesonlyperformasexual reproductionb/c
theyhave only1 chromosome (nor unpaired) i.e they
don’thave 2n (Paired) chromosomes
2. DomainEukarya
I. Kingdom Animalia or Animal
 No Cell wall,
 Heterotroph
 No Chlorophyll or Chloroplasts
 Eukaryotes (Complete Nucleus)
 All eukaryotes have double layered cell organelles (Mitochodria,
Golgi bodies,Endoplasmic Reticulum)
 Multicellular
II. Kingdom Plantaeor Plant
 Have Cell wall made of mainly cellulose
 Photoautotroph
 Have Plastids (Chloroplasts,Chromoplastsand Leucoplasts)
 Eukaryotes
 All eukaryotes have double layered cell organelles (Mitochondria,
Golgi bodies,Endoplasmic Reticulumand here also Chloroplasts)
 Multicellular
III. Kingdom Mycota or Fungi (singular isFungus)
 Have Cell wall made of chitin
 Absorptive Heterotrophs i.e they perform extracellular
Digestion(out sideof the cells) by releasingextracellular
Digestive Enzymes.
 Have no chlorophyll or Chloroplasts
 Eukaryotes
 All eukaryotes have double layered cell organelles (Mitochondria,
Golgi bodies,Endoplasmic Reticulum)
 Some are unicellular (e.g.Yeast) and
some aremulticellular (e.g. Mushrooms)
Pro = Primitive/ immature/ early/ before/ Simplest
Karyo or Karyon = Nucleus
Eu = full / complete
Zoa = Zoo = Animals
Moulds = molds = fungal cell
Hetero = Different
Troph = Dependent or Food
Trop = move or towards
Auto = Self
Photo= Light
Chloro = Green
Chromo =Coloured
Leuco = colourless
Mito = Thread like
Chonrion = granular or capsular
Mitochondrion is singularand plural ismitochondria
Endo = inside
Plasmic =Cytoplasmor plasma
Reticulum=tubular
Soma = Body or unit
Archea= veryoldor ancient
Chemo= Chemical (specially)
Eukaryon = Full Nucleus consists of:
i. Nuclear Mebrane
ii. Nucleoplasm
iii. Nucleolus
iv. Nuclear Material/Chromosomes
Those organisms who keepthe fullnucleus
are calledEUKARYOTIC ORGANISMS or
EUKARYOTES
Prokayon = Simplest or immature nucleus consists of
onlyNUCLEAR MATERIAL or CHROMOSOME .
Those organisms who have Primitive Nucleus are
called PROKAYOTICORGANISMS or PROKARYOTES
Viruses are not included in any kingdom –
they are not considered to be living
organisms because they lack cell membranes
(made of protein and
lipid), cytoplasm and ribosomes and do not
demonstrate the characteristics of living
things: they do not feed, respire, excrete or
grow. Although viruses do reproduce, this
only happens inside the
cells of living organisms, using materials
provided by the host cell.

2. IV. Kingdom Protoctistor Protista
Animal Like Protoctists (Protozoa)
PlantLike Protoctists (Algae) and
Fungi likeProtoctists (slimmoulds and water moulds)