This document discusses translation techniques and the role of translation in language teaching. It begins with an essay explaining how translation was traditionally an important part of English language teaching through the grammar-translation method, but fell out of favor with the rise of communicative methodologies that emphasized active learning over passive translation. It then provides a mind map contrasting translation procedures, methods, and strategies, and how they relate to translating individual words, full texts, or problem-solving. The document concludes that while communicative methods help students acquire skills like speaking, some still believe translation can effectively teach English.

1. TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
ESSAY AND MIND MAP
STUDENT
MARUJA VELASQUEZ
CODE 30881839
TUTOR
JAIRO GUTIERREZ
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA
NOVEMBER 2017

2.  Choose one of the following postulates and write an essay about 200 – 300
words.
Translation has been an important part of English language teaching for a long
time, but it has been abandoned since communicative methodologies became
dominant.
ESSAY
According to Brislin (1976: 1) translation is a general term referring to the transfer
of thoughts and ideas from one language to another, whether the language is in
written or oral form, whether the languages have established orthographies or not;
or whether one or both languages is based on signs.
Translation has been an important part of English language teaching, but in the last
decades it has gone unnoticed because new teaching methodologies have
emerged. The teaching of the language was based on the Grammar - Translation
method which incorporated the translation as an active element and turned it into a
natural way of teaching foreign languages. However, in this method the student
had a little participatory role, was limited to attend, memorize, read and translate
(Lois Lugilde,2012), had no space for communication, or worked on aspects of oral
language.
The emergence of new pedagogical theories put aside this method to make way
for new pedagogical models that completely eliminated the use of the mother
tongue.
Additionally, the trend of progressivism in education provided further pressure for
educators to change their methods. Progressivism holds that active learning is
more effective than passive learning; consequently, as this idea gained traction, in
schools there was a general shift towards using techniques where students were
more actively involved, such as group work, role play interviews. Foreign-language
education was no exception to this trend, and teachers sought to find new
methods, such as CLT, that could better embody this shift in thinking (Rosamond,
1988).
According to the British council the communicative approach or communicative
language teaching is based on the idea that learning language successfully comes
through having to communicate real meaning. When learners are involved in real
communication, their natural strategies for language acquisition will be used, and
this will allow them to learn to use the language.
as a conclusion and in my opinion the new communicative methodologies help the
student to acquire the necessary skills for the learning of the English language,
such as speaking, listening writing and reading, although there are still many who
think that with the method of translation also It is possible to teach and learn
English.
Maruja Velasquez.

3. MIND MAP
MARUJA VELASQUEZ
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS OF
TRANSLATION
TRANSLATION
PROCEDURES
Translationprocedures
are usedforsentences
and the smallerunitsof
language
Transference
Naturalization
Calque
Transpositions
Modulation
Compensation
Paraphrase
Synonymy
Accordingto Newmark
TRANSLATION METHODS
Translationmethodsrelate to
whole texts. Types
Word for word
Literal
Faithful
Semantic
Adaptation
Free
Idiomatic
Communicative
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
Directtranslationtechniques
Are usedwhenstructural and
conceptual elementsof the
source language can be
transposedintothe target
language
Borrowing
Calque
Literal Translation
Oblique translationtechniques
Are usedwhenthe structural or
conceptual elementsof the source
language cannotbe directly
translatedwithoutalteringmeaning
or upsettingthe grammatical and
stylisticselementsof the target
language.
Transposition
Modulation
ReformulationorEquivalence
Adaptation
Compensation
TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
Loescher(1991:8) definestranslation
strategyas "a potentiallyconscious
procedure forsolvingaproblemfacedin
translatingatext,or any segmentof it."
Jaaskelainen(2005) dividesstrategiesintotwomajor
categories:some strategiesrelate towhathappensto
texts,while otherstrategiesrelate towhathappensin the
process.

4. REFERENCES
Bosco, G. (n.d.). Translation Techniques. Retrieved March 22, 2017,
fromhttp://www.interproinc.com/es/blog/translation-techniques
Ordudari, M. (july 2007). Translation procedures, strategies, and
methods. Translation Journal, 11(3). Retrieved March 22, 2017,
fromhttp://www.bokorlang.com/journal/41culture.htm
Popovic, R. (n.d.). The place of translation in Language Teaching [PDF].
Http://www.sueleatherassociates.com/pdfs/Article_translationinlanguageteaching.p
df
British Council:
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/communicative-approach