This document contains a chemistry test with 5 questions. Question 1 involves calculations about densities and masses of gold and sand. Question 2 involves solving math problems with significant figures. Question 3 asks about Michael Phelps' swimming speed in different units. Question 4 calculates the atomic weight of a gold sample with multiple isotopes. Question 5 completes a chart with information about atoms including protons, electrons, neutrons, and atomic weight.
A detailed explanation about Rankine cycle or vapour power cycle for mechanical 2nd year students.Areas of uses of vapour power cycle or steam power cycle.
A detailed explanation about Rankine cycle or vapour power cycle for mechanical 2nd year students.Areas of uses of vapour power cycle or steam power cycle.
CONVERSIONS TO USE
METRIC PREFIXES
This table uses liters (L) as the base unit, but you can use this table for ANY base unit. For example, 1 s = 1×106 µs.
OR Base Unit Prefix
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
NOTE: Two equivalence statements are written for each prefix. Either is equally correct (they are exactly the
same). Use whichever makes more sense to you.
OTHER CONVERSIONS
All of these are exact numbers except those marked with *
METRIC tt METRIC ENGLISH tt
ENGLISH
ENGLISH tt
METRIC
LENGTH 1 cm = 1×108 Å
(Å is the symbol for
angstroms)
12 in. = 1 ft.
3 ft. = 1 yd.
5280 ft. = 1 mi.
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 mile = 1.609 km*
MASS / WEIGHT 1000 kg = 1 metric ton 2000 lb. = 1 ton
16 oz. = 1 lb.
1 lb. = 453.6 g*
VOLUME 1 L = 1 dm3
1 mL = 1 cm3
1000 L = 1 m3
3 tsp. = 1 Tbsp.
16 Tbsp. = 1 cup
2 cups = 1 pint
2 pints = 1 quart
4 quarts = 1 gal.
8 fluid oz. = 1 cup
1 qt. = 0.9464 L*
1 fluid oz. = 29.57 mL*
1 ft3 = 28.32 L*
TEMPERATURE TK = TC + 273.15 TF = 1.8(TC) + 32
TC = (TF - 32) / 1.8
ENERGY 1 cal = 4.184 J
NOTE: The ounces that measure mass are completely different from and unrelated to the fluid
ounces that measure volume.
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET
Symbol Meaning Base Unit Prefix
giga, G billion 1 L = 1×10–9 GL
mega, M million 1 L = 1×10–6 ML
kilo, k thousand 1 L = 0.001 kL
deci, d tenth 1 L = 10 dL
centi, c hundredth 1 L = 100 cL
milli, m thousandth 1 L = 1000 mL
micro, µ millionth 1 L = 1×106 µL
nano, n billionth 1 L = 1×109 nL
pico, p trillionth 1 L = 1×1012 pL
1×109 L = 1 GL
1×106 L = 1 ML
1000 L = 1 kL
0.1 L = 1 dL
0.01 L = 1 cL
0.001 L = 1 mL
1×10–6 L = 1 µL
1×10–9 L = 1 nL
1×10–12 L = 1 pL
SOME CONSTANTS AND EQUATIONS
density =
mass
volume
mass % element in a compound = g element
g compound
⨯ 100
c = speed of light = 3.00x108 m/s
Ephoton = h Planck’s constant = 6.626x10–34 J´s
E = hc
λ
Avogadro’s Number = 6.022x1023
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
ELECTRONEGATIVITIES FOR SOME OF THE ELEMENTS
H
2.1
Li
1.0
Be
1.5
B
2.0
C
2.5
N
3.0
O
3.5
F
4.0
Na
0.9
Mg
1.2
Al
1.5
Si
1.8
P
2.1
S
2.5
Cl
3.0
K
0.8
Ca
1.0
Sc
1.3
Ti
1.5
V
1.6
Cr
1.6
Mn
1.5
Fe
1.8
Co
1.9
Ni
1.9
Cu
1.9
Zn
1.6
Ga
1.6
Ge
1.8
As
2.0
Se
2.4
Br
2.8
Rb
0.8
Sr
1.0
Y
1.2
Zr
1.4
Nb
1.6
Mo
1.8
Tc
1.9
Ru
2.2
Rh
2.2
Pd
2.2
Ag
1.9
Cd
1.7
In
1.7
Sn
1.8
Sb
1.9
Te
2.1
I
2.5
Cs
0.7
Ba
0.9
La
1.0
Hf
1.3
Ta
1.5
W
1.7
Re
1.9
Os
2.2
Ir
2.2
Pt
2.2
Au
2.4
Hg
1.9
Tl
1.8
Pb
1.9
Bi
1.9
Po
2.0
At
2.2
Hp
0.7
Hm
0.8
Ws
1.0
Ss
1.2
Lp
1.3
Bl
1.5
Ad
1.7
Nv
1.9
Le
2.0
Mc
2.1
Rs
2.3
Gh
1.8
An
1.8
Fd
1.9
Sw
1.9
Gm
2.0
Gf
2.1
DO NOT WRITE ...
CONVERSIONS TO USE
METRIC PREFIXES
This table uses liters (L) as the base unit, but you can use this table for ANY base unit. For example, 1 s = 1×106 µs.
OR Base Unit Prefix
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
OR
NOTE: Two equivalence statements are written for each prefix. Either is equally correct (they are exactly the
same). Use whichever makes more sense to you.
OTHER CONVERSIONS
All of these are exact numbers except those marked with *
METRIC tt METRIC ENGLISH tt
ENGLISH
ENGLISH tt
METRIC
LENGTH 1 cm = 1×108 Å
(Å is the symbol for
angstroms)
12 in. = 1 ft.
3 ft. = 1 yd.
5280 ft. = 1 mi.
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 mile = 1.609 km*
MASS / WEIGHT 1000 kg = 1 metric ton 2000 lb. = 1 ton
16 oz. = 1 lb.
1 lb. = 453.6 g*
VOLUME 1 L = 1 dm3
1 mL = 1 cm3
1000 L = 1 m3
3 tsp. = 1 Tbsp.
16 Tbsp. = 1 cup
2 cups = 1 pint
2 pints = 1 quart
4 quarts = 1 gal.
8 fluid oz. = 1 cup
1 qt. = 0.9464 L*
1 fluid oz. = 29.57 mL*
1 ft3 = 28.32 L*
TEMPERATURE TK = TC + 273.15 TF = 1.8(TC) + 32
TC = (TF - 32) / 1.8
ENERGY 1 cal = 4.184 J
NOTE: The ounces that measure mass are completely different from and unrelated to the fluid
ounces that measure volume.
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS SHEET
Symbol Meaning Base Unit Prefix
giga, G billion 1 L = 1×10–9 GL
mega, M million 1 L = 1×10–6 ML
kilo, k thousand 1 L = 0.001 kL
deci, d tenth 1 L = 10 dL
centi, c hundredth 1 L = 100 cL
milli, m thousandth 1 L = 1000 mL
micro, µ millionth 1 L = 1×106 µL
nano, n billionth 1 L = 1×109 nL
pico, p trillionth 1 L = 1×1012 pL
1×109 L = 1 GL
1×106 L = 1 ML
1000 L = 1 kL
0.1 L = 1 dL
0.01 L = 1 cL
0.001 L = 1 mL
1×10–6 L = 1 µL
1×10–9 L = 1 nL
1×10–12 L = 1 pL
SOME CONSTANTS AND EQUATIONS
density =
mass
volume
mass % element in a compound = g element
g compound
⨯ 100
c = speed of light = 3.00x108 m/s
Ephoton = h Planck’s constant = 6.626x10–34 J´s
E = hc
λ
Avogadro’s Number = 6.022x1023
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
ELECTRONEGATIVITIES FOR SOME OF THE ELEMENTS
H
2.1
Li
1.0
Be
1.5
B
2.0
C
2.5
N
3.0
O
3.5
F
4.0
Na
0.9
Mg
1.2
Al
1.5
Si
1.8
P
2.1
S
2.5
Cl
3.0
K
0.8
Ca
1.0
Sc
1.3
Ti
1.5
V
1.6
Cr
1.6
Mn
1.5
Fe
1.8
Co
1.9
Ni
1.9
Cu
1.9
Zn
1.6
Ga
1.6
Ge
1.8
As
2.0
Se
2.4
Br
2.8
Rb
0.8
Sr
1.0
Y
1.2
Zr
1.4
Nb
1.6
Mo
1.8
Tc
1.9
Ru
2.2
Rh
2.2
Pd
2.2
Ag
1.9
Cd
1.7
In
1.7
Sn
1.8
Sb
1.9
Te
2.1
I
2.5
Cs
0.7
Ba
0.9
La
1.0
Hf
1.3
Ta
1.5
W
1.7
Re
1.9
Os
2.2
Ir
2.2
Pt
2.2
Au
2.4
Hg
1.9
Tl
1.8
Pb
1.9
Bi
1.9
Po
2.0
At
2.2
Hp
0.7
Hm
0.8
Ws
1.0
Ss
1.2
Lp
1.3
Bl
1.5
Ad
1.7
Nv
1.9
Le
2.0
Mc
2.1
Rs
2.3
Gh
1.8
An
1.8
Fd
1.9
Sw
1.9
Gm
2.0
Gf
2.1
DO NOT WRITE ...
1. TEST 1
Name________________________________________________
1) In the opening scenes of the movie Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones tries to
remove a gold idol from a booby-trapped pedestal. He replaces the idol with a bag of
sand of approximately equal volume. (Density of gold = 19.32 g/cm3; density of sand 3
g/cm3.) {from Zumdahl, Chemistry, Saunders (1994)}.
a. Did he have a reasonable chance of not activating the mass-sensitive booby trap?
(assume the bag and idol have a volume of 1.0L, and use NUMBERS to justify the
answer)
Gold is over 6 times as dense as sand. The bag would only weigh 1/6th the weight of the
idol.
g g
ρAu = 19.32 3
⇒ ρsand 3 3
cm cm
g
19.32
cm3 = 6.44
g
3 3
cm
b. In a later scene he and an unscrupulous guide play catch with the idol. Assume
that the volume of the idol is about 1.0 L. If it were solid gold, what mass would
the idol have? Is playing catch with it plausible?
m = ρ *V
g 1000cm3
m = 19.32 3 *1l * = 19.32 Kg = 43lb
cm l
It’s hard to play catch with a 43 pound ball.
2. 2) Solve the following problems and express the results with the correct number
of significant figures.
a. 3.894 x 2.16 = 8.41
b. 2.96 + 8.1 + 5.0214 = 16
c. 2.17 * (4.32 + 401.278) + 21.826 =
2.17 * (405) + 21.826
879 + 21.826=903
d. 485 ÷ 9.231= 52.5
e. 2.46 x 2 = 5
3. 3) At the 2009 Olympic Games, Michael Phelps set the world record for the 200
meter free style with a time of (app) 1minute 43 seconds.
a. What is the speed in m/s?
200m m
= 1.94
(60 + 43) sec sec
b. What is the speed in km/h?
1.9m 1km 3600 sec km
* * = 6.98
sec 1000m hr h
c. What is the speed in ft/s?
1.9m 3.28 ft ft
* = 6.36
sec m sec
d. What is the speed in mi/h?
6.8km 1000m 6.21 *10−4 mi mi
* * = 4.33
hr km m hr
4. 4) A sample of gold is comprised of 60% 197Au, 15% 196Au, 10% 198Au, and 5%
199Au. Find the atomic weight of the sample.
Weight Fraction Atomic Mass Partial Mass
0.60 197
0.15 196
0.20 198 39.60
0.05 199 9.95
TOTALS 197.15
5. 5) Complete the chart. Atoms are electrically neutral.
56 281 108
Symbol Mg Fe Tc At H Pa Lr Ds Nd Ag
Protons 12 26 43 85 1 91 103 110 60 47
Electrons 12 26 43 85 1 91 103 110 60 47
Neutrons 12 30 55 124 2 140 159 171 84 61
Atomic
24 56 98 209 3 231 262 281 144 108
Weight
8. i
1
IA
Electronegativity
← ValuesCourtesy of
Dr. Fred. Garces
Miramar College, 2007
fgarces@sdccd.edu18
VIIIA11
H
1.00797
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA2
He
4.002623
Li
6.9394
Be
9.01225
B
10.8116
C
12.01127
N
14.00678
O
15.99949
F
18.998410
Ne
20.179311
Na
22.989812
Mg
9. 24.305
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8
9
VIIIB
10
11
IB
12
IIB13
Al
26.981514
Si
28.08615
P
30.973816
S
32.06417
Cl
35.45318
Ar
39.948419
K
39.10220
Ca
40.0821
Sc
44.95622
Ti
47.9023
V
50.94224
Cr
51.99625
Mn
54.938026
Fe
55.84727
Co
58.933228
Ni
58.7129
Cu
10. 63.5430
Zn
65.3731
Ga
65.3732
Ge
72.5933
As
74.921634
Se
78.9635
Br
79.90936
Kr
83.80537
Rb
85.4738
Sr
87.6239
Y
88.90540
Zr
91.2241
Nb
92.90642
Mo
95.9443
Tc
[99]44
Ru
101.0745
Rh
102.90546
Pd
106.447
Ag
107.87048
Cd
112.4049
In
114.8250
Sn
118.6951
Sb
121.7552
Te
127.6053
I
126.90454
Xe
131.30655
11. Cs
132.90556
Ba
137.3471*
Lu
174.96772
Hf
178.4973
Ta
180.94874
W
183.8575
Re
186.276
Os
190.277
Ir
192.278
Pt
195.0979
Au
197.080
Hg
200.5981
Tl
204.3782
Pb
207.1983
Bi
208.98084
Po
[210]85
At
[210]86
Rn
[222]787
Fr
[223.02]88
Ra
[226.03]103‡
Lr
[260]104
Rf
[261.11]105
Db
[262.11]106
Sg
[266.12]107
Bh
[264.12]108
Hs
12. [269.13]109
Mt
[268.14] 110
Ds
[271]111
Rg
[272]112
[277]
114
[289]116
[292]
*
Lanthanide
Series57
La
138.9158
Ce
140.11559
Pr
140.907760
Nd
144.2461
Pm
(145)62
Sm
150.36863
Eu
151.96564
Gd
157.2565
Tb
158.925466
Dy
162.5067
Ho
164.930368
Er
167.2669
Tm
168.934270
Yb
173.04‡
Actinide
Series89
Ac
[227.03]90
Th
13. 232.038191
Pa
231.035992
U
238.028993
Np
237.04894
Pu
[244]95
Am
[260]96
Cm
[247]97
Bk
[247]98
Cf
[251]99
Es
[252]100
Fm
[257]101
Md
[258]102
No
[259]
