SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women of childbearing age and is the most common form of lupus.
The exact cause is still unknown.
For more informations you can read the following file.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease most common in women of childbearing age. It can affect multiple organ systems. Common manifestations include fatigue, arthritis, rashes, hematologic abnormalities, and kidney involvement. The diagnosis is based on clinical features and autoantibodies. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system such as antimalarials, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants. Lupus nephritis requires aggressive therapy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants like cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil. Research is ongoing into more targeted biologic therapies.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs. It is more common in females and is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. The activation of immune cells leads to the formation of autoantibodies which can damage tissues. Symptoms vary but may include rashes, arthritis, kidney inflammation, and fatigue. Diagnosis requires meeting several clinical and laboratory criteria. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms, preventing flares, and minimizing organ damage.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children and adolescents. Key points include: SLE is an autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs, most commonly the skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, blood vessels and central nervous system. Diagnosis requires meeting 4 out of 11 classification criteria. Management involves controlling disease activity and flares with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs like hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine. Prognosis has improved over time but organ involvement like lupus nephritis can be severe and require aggressive treatment.
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of auto-antibodies against components of the cell nucleus.
2. SLE affects multiple organ systems and is more common in females, with a female to male ratio of 9:1 before puberty.
3. Diagnosis of SLE requires meeting 4 out of 11 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria, including at least 1 clinical and 1 immunological criterion. Common clinical manifestations include malar rash, arthritis, renal disease, and hematological abnormalities.
Autoimmunity occurs when circumstances impair the regulation of cells with autoimmune potential, allowing them to attack the body's own tissues. Autoimmune conditions are common and often occur together in clusters across multiple organ systems. While specific diagnoses are applied, it is best to think of autoimmunity existing on a spectrum of related processes rather than rigid categories.
The document discusses autoimmune disease in pregnancy. It notes that autoimmune diseases involve the immune system attacking the body's own tissues. When autoimmune diseases occur during pregnancy, careful monitoring is needed as disease activity may be exacerbated or confused with normal pregnancy symptoms. For lupus specifically, outcomes are best if the disease is inactive prior to conception and complications like preeclampsia are avoided. Active management includes monitoring for signs of lupus flares or preeclampsia through laboratory tests and urine analysis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease most common in women of childbearing age. It can affect multiple organ systems. Common manifestations include fatigue, arthritis, rashes, hematologic abnormalities, and kidney involvement. The diagnosis is based on clinical features and autoantibodies. Treatment involves medications to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system such as antimalarials, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants. Lupus nephritis requires aggressive therapy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants like cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mofetil. Research is ongoing into more targeted biologic therapies.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs. It is more common in females and is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. The activation of immune cells leads to the formation of autoantibodies which can damage tissues. Symptoms vary but may include rashes, arthritis, kidney inflammation, and fatigue. Diagnosis requires meeting several clinical and laboratory criteria. Treatment focuses on reducing symptoms, preventing flares, and minimizing organ damage.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children and adolescents. Key points include: SLE is an autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs, most commonly the skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, blood vessels and central nervous system. Diagnosis requires meeting 4 out of 11 classification criteria. Management involves controlling disease activity and flares with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs like hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine. Prognosis has improved over time but organ involvement like lupus nephritis can be severe and require aggressive treatment.
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of auto-antibodies against components of the cell nucleus.
2. SLE affects multiple organ systems and is more common in females, with a female to male ratio of 9:1 before puberty.
3. Diagnosis of SLE requires meeting 4 out of 11 American College of Rheumatology diagnostic criteria, including at least 1 clinical and 1 immunological criterion. Common clinical manifestations include malar rash, arthritis, renal disease, and hematological abnormalities.
Autoimmunity occurs when circumstances impair the regulation of cells with autoimmune potential, allowing them to attack the body's own tissues. Autoimmune conditions are common and often occur together in clusters across multiple organ systems. While specific diagnoses are applied, it is best to think of autoimmunity existing on a spectrum of related processes rather than rigid categories.
The document discusses autoimmune disease in pregnancy. It notes that autoimmune diseases involve the immune system attacking the body's own tissues. When autoimmune diseases occur during pregnancy, careful monitoring is needed as disease activity may be exacerbated or confused with normal pregnancy symptoms. For lupus specifically, outcomes are best if the disease is inactive prior to conception and complications like preeclampsia are avoided. Active management includes monitoring for signs of lupus flares or preeclampsia through laboratory tests and urine analysis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can damage any body organ by generating autoantibodies and immune complexes. It predominantly affects women aged 15-65 and has the highest prevalence in African-American and Afro-Caribbean women. While the cause is unknown, genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors likely play a role. Symptoms vary but can include rashes, fatigue, joint pain, and organ involvement. Diagnosis involves clinical criteria and serological markers. Treatment focuses on controlling disease activity and inflammation using medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). It discusses the pathogenesis, epidemiology, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management approaches for NPSLE. Regarding management, it describes general treatment approaches as well as specific therapies aimed at inflammatory NPSLE such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and intravenous immunoglobulin. It also covers primary and secondary prevention strategies as well as treatments targeting ischemic events like antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and organ damage. It predominantly affects women of childbearing age. The disease has an unknown etiology involving genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. Common clinical manifestations include arthritis, rash, oral ulcers, photosensitivity, and involvement of major organ systems like the kidneys, heart, and lungs. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and the presence of autoantibodies. Treatment involves managing symptoms, preventing flares, and suppressing the immune system using medications like corticosteroids, antimalarials, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide. Pro
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. It predominantly affects women and can involve multiple organ systems. The disease is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that lead to immune tolerance breakdown and production of autoantibodies like anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm. These autoantibodies form immune complexes that deposit in tissues, especially the kidney glomeruli, and cause inflammation and damage. Clinical manifestations include a butterfly rash, arthritis, serositis, and kidney involvement. Treatment involves immunosuppression with corticosteroids and other drugs.
This document discusses systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease where organs and cells are damaged by autoantibodies and immune complexes. It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of SLE. Key points include that SLE affects multiple organ systems and has varied clinical presentations. Diagnosis is based on meeting 4 out of 11 American College of Rheumatology criteria including positive antinuclear antibodies and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Treatment involves managing symptoms across organ systems with medications like steroids, hydroxychloroquine, immunosuppressants, and targeting specific organ involvement. The goal is to control disease activity, prevent organ damage, and improve quality of life.
This document discusses systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management. It outlines the 2019 EULAR classification criteria for SLE which uses 7 clinical and 3 immunological criteria weighted from 2 to 10, with a score of 10 or more required for classification. Treatment involves glucocorticoids, antimalarials like hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressives depending on disease severity.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It discusses the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, management, and complications of SLE. The pathogenesis involves genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers leading to abnormal immune responses and autoantibody production. Diagnosis is based on the SLICC classification criteria. Management involves controlling symptoms, preventing organ damage, and treating flares and complications using medications like glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Life-threatening complications can include renal disease, neurological involvement, hematological abnormalities and vasculitis.
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. There are several mechanisms that normally prevent this, including central tolerance in the thymus and bone marrow, and peripheral tolerance by regulatory T cells. A failure of these tolerance mechanisms can result in autoimmune diseases. Genetic and environmental factors also contribute to predisposing individuals. Autoimmune diseases can be organ-specific or affect multiple systems. Diagnosis involves detecting elevated levels of autoantibodies through various tests. Treatment aims to suppress immune induction and restore tolerance, as well as inhibit effector mechanisms causing organ damage.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by excessive autoantibody production leading to tissue damage. It has a wide variety of clinical manifestations that can affect many different organ systems. Some key points:
- SLE predominantly affects women of childbearing age and has a strong genetic component. Certain genetic and environmental factors can increase risk.
- Clinical features include skin rashes, arthritis, kidney involvement ranging from mild proteinuria to severe nephritis, neurological/psychiatric symptoms, hematological abnormalities and involvement of other organs.
- Diagnosis is based on identifying a combination of clinical and laboratory criteria including high titers of antinu
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-gene autoimmune disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is characterized by abnormal immune responses that result in inflammation and damage to various organs. Diagnosis requires meeting 4 out of 11 classification criteria relating to clinical symptoms and blood markers. Management aims to induce remission of acute flares, maintain improvements to suppress symptoms, and prevent organ damage. Treatment choices depend on the severity and potential reversibility of manifestations. The goal is controlling symptoms without cure since complete sustained remission is rare.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. SLE most commonly affects women in their 20s and 30s. The course of SLE is unpredictable, with periods of illness alternating with remission. Common initial symptoms include fatigue, fever, joint pain, and weight changes. SLE can cause skin rashes, oral ulcers, hair loss, serositis, lung involvement including pleurisy, heart involvement such as pericarditis, and kidney disease. The prognosis for SLE has improved in recent decades due to medical advances, with survival rates of approximately 95% at 5 years and 90% at 10 years. SLE is treated symptomatically mainly with
This presentation encompasses SLE as well Lupus nephritis,Antiphospholipid Syndrome and other special situation related to SLE such as SLE and Pregnancy.
This document provides information about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It defines SLE as a multi-system autoimmune disease affecting various organs mediated by autoantibodies and immune complexes. The causes are unknown but may involve genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. SLE can affect many organ systems like the kidneys, lungs, heart, and nervous system, causing a variety of clinical manifestations. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, medical history, physical exam, and laboratory tests. Treatment depends on disease severity and organ involvement, and may include medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs. Special considerations are given to SLE in pregnancy and neonates.
This patient has a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and pregnancy losses. She presents with right calf swelling and tenderness and is found to have thrombocytopenia and a prolonged PTT. Testing reveals a positive lupus anticoagulant on two occasions more than 12 weeks apart, meeting criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome which can present as recurrent thrombosis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. It can affect multiple organ systems. The presentation, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, management, and prognosis of SLE are discussed in detail in this document. Key points include that SLE predominantly affects women and certain races disproportionately. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. A variety of clinical manifestations are described affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, and other organs. Management involves controlling symptoms, preventing organ damage, and maintaining remission, often through medications like hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids. Prognosis has improved over time but risks of infection and accelerated
This document discusses autoimmune diseases and provides an overview of key concepts. It covers mechanisms of autoimmunity like central and peripheral tolerance. It also discusses theories of autoimmunity such as susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. The document then describes the spectrum of autoimmune disorders including organ-specific and systemic diseases. It concludes by noting the diagnostic problems associated with autoimmune diseases.
This document provides information on mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). It discusses the definition, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of MCTD. MCTD is a rare autoimmune disease with overlapping features of at least two connective tissue diseases like SLE, SSc, PM and DM. It is characterized by the presence of anti-U1 RNP antibodies. Symptoms can affect multiple organ systems. Diagnosis involves assessing clinical features and antibody levels. Treatment aims to control symptoms and is tailored based on organ involvement. Prognosis varies, with some patients experiencing complete resolution while others face life-threatening complications like pulmonary hypertension.
This document discusses autoimmune diseases, which constitute 1-2% of the population. It defines pathologic autoimmunity and lists common organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms of self-tolerance and its breakdown leading to autoimmunity are described. In-depth details provided on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) include diagnostic criteria, associated autoantibodies, clinical features, pathology, and treatment approaches.
Connective tissue diseases share features of immune dysregulation and autoantibody production directed at nuclear components, causing widespread tissue damage. Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by arthritis, rashes, kidney involvement and positive ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Systemic sclerosis involves skin thickening from fibrosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and autoantibodies like anti-Scl-70. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis cause proximal muscle weakness and inflammation with skin lesions in dermatomyositis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the body's own cells and tissues, causing inflammation and damage. It most often affects the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, and kidneys. SLE prevalence is highest in women aged 15-65 years old. While the cause is unknown, genetic and environmental factors like UV light, infections, and smoking may play a role. Symptoms include rashes, fatigue, joint pain, and organ involvement. Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms with drugs like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants to minimize long-term damage. With effective treatment
endometriosis is a common, benign, and chronic disease in women of reproductive age that is characterized by the occurrence of endometrial tissue ourside the uterus.
for more informations you can read this file.
hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract, most commonly occurs as a result of a pulmonary infection (tuberculosis), while lung cancer is the second most frequent cause of hemoptysis.
for more informations you can read the following file.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can damage any body organ by generating autoantibodies and immune complexes. It predominantly affects women aged 15-65 and has the highest prevalence in African-American and Afro-Caribbean women. While the cause is unknown, genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors likely play a role. Symptoms vary but can include rashes, fatigue, joint pain, and organ involvement. Diagnosis involves clinical criteria and serological markers. Treatment focuses on controlling disease activity and inflammation using medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). It discusses the pathogenesis, epidemiology, classification, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management approaches for NPSLE. Regarding management, it describes general treatment approaches as well as specific therapies aimed at inflammatory NPSLE such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and intravenous immunoglobulin. It also covers primary and secondary prevention strategies as well as treatments targeting ischemic events like antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production and organ damage. It predominantly affects women of childbearing age. The disease has an unknown etiology involving genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. Common clinical manifestations include arthritis, rash, oral ulcers, photosensitivity, and involvement of major organ systems like the kidneys, heart, and lungs. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and the presence of autoantibodies. Treatment involves managing symptoms, preventing flares, and suppressing the immune system using medications like corticosteroids, antimalarials, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide. Pro
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. It predominantly affects women and can involve multiple organ systems. The disease is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors that lead to immune tolerance breakdown and production of autoantibodies like anti-dsDNA and anti-Sm. These autoantibodies form immune complexes that deposit in tissues, especially the kidney glomeruli, and cause inflammation and damage. Clinical manifestations include a butterfly rash, arthritis, serositis, and kidney involvement. Treatment involves immunosuppression with corticosteroids and other drugs.
This document discusses systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease where organs and cells are damaged by autoantibodies and immune complexes. It covers the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of SLE. Key points include that SLE affects multiple organ systems and has varied clinical presentations. Diagnosis is based on meeting 4 out of 11 American College of Rheumatology criteria including positive antinuclear antibodies and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Treatment involves managing symptoms across organ systems with medications like steroids, hydroxychloroquine, immunosuppressants, and targeting specific organ involvement. The goal is to control disease activity, prevent organ damage, and improve quality of life.
This document discusses systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management. It outlines the 2019 EULAR classification criteria for SLE which uses 7 clinical and 3 immunological criteria weighted from 2 to 10, with a score of 10 or more required for classification. Treatment involves glucocorticoids, antimalarials like hydroxychloroquine, and immunosuppressives depending on disease severity.
This document provides an overview of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It discusses the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, management, and complications of SLE. The pathogenesis involves genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers leading to abnormal immune responses and autoantibody production. Diagnosis is based on the SLICC classification criteria. Management involves controlling symptoms, preventing organ damage, and treating flares and complications using medications like glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressants, and biologics. Life-threatening complications can include renal disease, neurological involvement, hematological abnormalities and vasculitis.
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues and organs. There are several mechanisms that normally prevent this, including central tolerance in the thymus and bone marrow, and peripheral tolerance by regulatory T cells. A failure of these tolerance mechanisms can result in autoimmune diseases. Genetic and environmental factors also contribute to predisposing individuals. Autoimmune diseases can be organ-specific or affect multiple systems. Diagnosis involves detecting elevated levels of autoantibodies through various tests. Treatment aims to suppress immune induction and restore tolerance, as well as inhibit effector mechanisms causing organ damage.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by excessive autoantibody production leading to tissue damage. It has a wide variety of clinical manifestations that can affect many different organ systems. Some key points:
- SLE predominantly affects women of childbearing age and has a strong genetic component. Certain genetic and environmental factors can increase risk.
- Clinical features include skin rashes, arthritis, kidney involvement ranging from mild proteinuria to severe nephritis, neurological/psychiatric symptoms, hematological abnormalities and involvement of other organs.
- Diagnosis is based on identifying a combination of clinical and laboratory criteria including high titers of antinu
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-gene autoimmune disease caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is characterized by abnormal immune responses that result in inflammation and damage to various organs. Diagnosis requires meeting 4 out of 11 classification criteria relating to clinical symptoms and blood markers. Management aims to induce remission of acute flares, maintain improvements to suppress symptoms, and prevent organ damage. Treatment choices depend on the severity and potential reversibility of manifestations. The goal is controlling symptoms without cure since complete sustained remission is rare.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems. SLE most commonly affects women in their 20s and 30s. The course of SLE is unpredictable, with periods of illness alternating with remission. Common initial symptoms include fatigue, fever, joint pain, and weight changes. SLE can cause skin rashes, oral ulcers, hair loss, serositis, lung involvement including pleurisy, heart involvement such as pericarditis, and kidney disease. The prognosis for SLE has improved in recent decades due to medical advances, with survival rates of approximately 95% at 5 years and 90% at 10 years. SLE is treated symptomatically mainly with
This presentation encompasses SLE as well Lupus nephritis,Antiphospholipid Syndrome and other special situation related to SLE such as SLE and Pregnancy.
This document provides information about systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It defines SLE as a multi-system autoimmune disease affecting various organs mediated by autoantibodies and immune complexes. The causes are unknown but may involve genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. SLE can affect many organ systems like the kidneys, lungs, heart, and nervous system, causing a variety of clinical manifestations. Diagnosis involves evaluating symptoms, medical history, physical exam, and laboratory tests. Treatment depends on disease severity and organ involvement, and may include medications like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs. Special considerations are given to SLE in pregnancy and neonates.
This patient has a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and pregnancy losses. She presents with right calf swelling and tenderness and is found to have thrombocytopenia and a prolonged PTT. Testing reveals a positive lupus anticoagulant on two occasions more than 12 weeks apart, meeting criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome which can present as recurrent thrombosis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by autoantibodies against nuclear antigens. It can affect multiple organ systems. The presentation, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, management, and prognosis of SLE are discussed in detail in this document. Key points include that SLE predominantly affects women and certain races disproportionately. Genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. A variety of clinical manifestations are described affecting the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, and other organs. Management involves controlling symptoms, preventing organ damage, and maintaining remission, often through medications like hydroxychloroquine and corticosteroids. Prognosis has improved over time but risks of infection and accelerated
This document discusses autoimmune diseases and provides an overview of key concepts. It covers mechanisms of autoimmunity like central and peripheral tolerance. It also discusses theories of autoimmunity such as susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. The document then describes the spectrum of autoimmune disorders including organ-specific and systemic diseases. It concludes by noting the diagnostic problems associated with autoimmune diseases.
This document provides information on mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). It discusses the definition, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of MCTD. MCTD is a rare autoimmune disease with overlapping features of at least two connective tissue diseases like SLE, SSc, PM and DM. It is characterized by the presence of anti-U1 RNP antibodies. Symptoms can affect multiple organ systems. Diagnosis involves assessing clinical features and antibody levels. Treatment aims to control symptoms and is tailored based on organ involvement. Prognosis varies, with some patients experiencing complete resolution while others face life-threatening complications like pulmonary hypertension.
This document discusses autoimmune diseases, which constitute 1-2% of the population. It defines pathologic autoimmunity and lists common organ-specific autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms of self-tolerance and its breakdown leading to autoimmunity are described. In-depth details provided on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) include diagnostic criteria, associated autoantibodies, clinical features, pathology, and treatment approaches.
Connective tissue diseases share features of immune dysregulation and autoantibody production directed at nuclear components, causing widespread tissue damage. Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by arthritis, rashes, kidney involvement and positive ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Systemic sclerosis involves skin thickening from fibrosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, and autoantibodies like anti-Scl-70. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis cause proximal muscle weakness and inflammation with skin lesions in dermatomyositis.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the body's own cells and tissues, causing inflammation and damage. It most often affects the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, and kidneys. SLE prevalence is highest in women aged 15-65 years old. While the cause is unknown, genetic and environmental factors like UV light, infections, and smoking may play a role. Symptoms include rashes, fatigue, joint pain, and organ involvement. Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms with drugs like NSAIDs, antimalarials, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants to minimize long-term damage. With effective treatment
endometriosis is a common, benign, and chronic disease in women of reproductive age that is characterized by the occurrence of endometrial tissue ourside the uterus.
for more informations you can read this file.
hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the lower respiratory tract, most commonly occurs as a result of a pulmonary infection (tuberculosis), while lung cancer is the second most frequent cause of hemoptysis.
for more informations you can read the following file.
Acute liver failure is a severe condition seen in individuals without previous hepatic disease, and it is characterized by rapidly progressive liver injury, hepatic encephalopathy, and impaired synthetic function, which results in coagulopathy.
for more informations you can read the folllowing file.
mesentric ischemia is a reduction in arterial or venous blood flow to the small intestine, may result in bowel ischemia or infarct.
for more informations you can read the following file.
peptic ulcer disease is the presence of one or more ulcerative lesions in the stomach or duodenum.
for more informations you can read the following file.
Gastritis refers to inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Acute gastritis is commonly caused by NSAIDs/aspirin use, H. pylori infection, alcohol, smoking, or stress. Clinical features include epigastric pain, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, or black tarry stools. Diagnosis involves endoscopy and biopsy. Treatment focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause, such as eradicating H. pylori infections or discontinuing NSAID use. Chronic gastritis can develop from repeated episodes of acute gastritis and increases the risk of gastric ulcers or cancer over time.
cholangitis: an ascending becterial infection of the biliary tract facilitated by bile stasis which caused by bile duct stones, ERCP, or strictures.
for more informations you can read the following file.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help alleviate symptoms of mental illness and boost overall mental well-being.
Hyperthyroidisim is a condition charactrized by the overproduction of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland.
for more informations you can read the following file.
Pulmonary embolism is a blood clot that develops in another part of the body and travels to the lungs, obstructing blood flow. Risk factors include older age, cancer, prior history of DVT/PE, and prolonged immobility. Symptoms can include dyspnea, chest pain, and cough, though many cases are asymptomatic. Diagnosis involves tests like CT angiography, ventilation-perfusion scanning, ultrasound, and D-dimer level. Treatment consists of oxygen, anticoagulation with heparin or warfarin, and sometimes thrombolysis for large clots or right heart strain. Long-term anticoagulation aims to prevent future clots.
Cor pulmonale is an imparied function of the right ventricle due to pulmonary hypertension resulting from a primary disorder of the respiratory or pulmonary artery system.
Is also known as pulmonary heart disease.
for more information read the following file.
rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints, but may also manifest with extraarticular features.
For information about the disease and learn more, you can obtain basic informations from the following file.
Ankylosing spondylitis is a seronegative sponyloarthropathy and a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton that leads to partial or complete fusion and rigidity of the spine.
If you are interested in medical information and have a passion for our filed, you can learn more through the following file.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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4. ● An autoimmune disorder leading to
inflammation and tissue damage in
multiple organ systems.
● Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an
idiopathic chronic inflammatory disease
with genetic, environmental, and
hormonal factors.
SLE
5. ● The pathophysiology involves autoantibody production, deposition of
immune complexes, complement activation, and accompanying
tissue destruction/vasculitis.
Pathophysiology
6. Types of SLE
Spontaneous
SLE.
• Procainomide
• Hydralazine
• Isoniazid
Drug-induced lupus
• Arthritis, Raynaud phenomenon, subacute
cutaneous lupus Serology: Ro (anti-SS-A)
or antiphospholipid antibody-positive, ANA
negative
• Risk of neonatal lupus in infants of affected
women
• ANA negativity can be influenced by
laboratory testing methods, disease
duration, and treatment
ANA-negative lupus
Skin lesions without systemic disease.
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus
01 02
03 04
7. ● Women of childbearing age account for 90% of cases, but men have
more severe disease.
● African-American patients are more frequently affected than
Caucasian patients.
● Milder in elderly patients; more severe in children.
● Usually appears in late childhood or adolescence.
Epidemiology of SLE
9. 1. Constitutional symptoms: Fatigue, malaise, fever, weight loss.
2. Cutaneous: Butterfly rash (erythematous rash over cheeks and bridge of nose—
found in one-third of patients) , photosensitivity, discoid lesions (erythematous
raised patches with keratotic scaling), oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers, alopecia,
Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm of small vessels when exposed to cold, usually in
fingers—found in about 20% of cases)
Clinical features
10. 3. Musculoskeletal: Arthralgias (may be the first symptom of the disease—found in
90% of patients), arthritis (inflammatory and symmetric, rarely deforming as in
rheumatoid arthritis [RA]), myalgia with or without myositis
Clinical features
11. 4. Cardiac: Pericarditis, endocarditis ( Libman–Sacks endocarditis is a serious
complication), myocarditis
Clinical features
12. 5. Pulmonary: Pleuritis (most common pulmonary finding), pleural effusion,
pneumonitis (may lead to fibrosis), pulmonary HTN (rare)
Clinical features
13. 6. Hematologic: Hemolytic anemia with anemia or reticulocytosis of chronic disease,
leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia
7. Renal: Proteinuria >0.5 g/day (may have nephrotic syndrome), cellular casts,
glomerulonephritis (may have hematuria), azotemia, pyuria, uremia, HTN
8. Immunologic: Impaired immune response due to many factors, including
autoantibodies to lymphocytes, abnormal T-cell function, and immunosuppressive
medications; often associated with antiphospholipid syndrome
9. GI: Nausea/vomiting, dyspepsia, dysphagia, peptic ulcer disease
10. CNS: Seizures, psychosis (may be subtle), depression, headaches, TIA,
cerebrovascular accident
Clinical features
14. 11. Other findings include conjunctivitis and an increased incidence of Raynaud
phenomenon and Sjögren syndrome
Clinical features
16. 1. Diagnosis is made based on the 2012 SLICC criteria. The patient must have at least 4
criteria (at least 1 clinical criteria and 1 immunologic criteria) OR biopsy proven lupus
nephritis with a positive ANA or anti-dsDNA.
17. 2. Autoantibodies in lupus:
a. ANA: Sensitive but not specific; almost all patients with SLE have elevated serum
ANA levels.
b. Anti-ds DNA (in 70%): very specific (but not sensitive)
c. Anti-Smith (in 30%): very specific (but not sensitive)
d. Antiphospholipid antibody positivity, as determined by positive lupus anticoagulant,
false-positive RPR, medium- or high-titer anticardiolipin antibody level, or positive
anti-β-2 glycoprotein.
Diagnosis
18. e. Antihistone Abs (in 70%) are present in >95% of cases of drug-induced lupus. If
negative, drug-induced lupus can be excluded.
f. Ro (SS-A) and La (SS-B) are found in 15% to 35%. Associated with:
● Sjögren syndrome
● Subacute cutaneous
● SLE Neonatal lupus (with congenital heart block)
● Complement deficiency (C2 and C4)
● ANA-negative lupus
Diagnosis
21. Avoid sun exposure
because it can
exacerbate cutaneous
rashes
Treatment
NSAIDs—for less severe
symptoms
Either local or systemic
corticosteroids—for
acute exacerbations
22. Systemic steroids for
severe manifestations
Treatment
Best long-term therapy is antimalarial agents such as
hydroxychloroquine—for constitutional, cutaneous, and
articular manifestations. Hydroxychloroquine is continued
as a preventative measure even after resolution of
symptoms. Baseline and subsequent annual eye
examinations are needed because of retinal toxicity.
23. Cytotoxic agents such
as cyclophosphamide—
for active
glomerulonephritis
Treatment
Monitor the following and treat
appropriately:
a. Renal disease, which produces the
most significant morbidity
b. HTN