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1. Starch
Sucrose

2.  Electron micrographs showing prominent starch
deposits,
as well as enzyme localization studies, leave
no doubt that
the chloroplast is the site of starch synthesis in
leaves.
 Starch is synthesized from triose phosphate via
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
 The glucose-1-phosphate intermediate is
converted to ADP-glucose via ADP-glucose
pyrophosphorylase in a reaction that requires
ATP and generates pyrophosphate (PPi).

3.  As in many biosynthetic reactions, the
pyrophosphate is hydrolyzed via a specific
inorganic pyrophosphatase to two
orthophosphate (Pi) molecules, thereby
driving reaction toward ADP-glucose
synthesis.
Finally, the glucose moiety of ADP-glucose is
transferred to the nonreducing end (carbon
4) of the terminal glucose of a growing starch
chain, thus completing the reaction
sequence

4. 1

5.  Enzyme analyses have shown that
sucrose is synthesized in the cytosol from
triose phosphates
 In sucrose synthesis, the glucose-1-phosphate
is converted to UDP-glucose via a specific
UDP-glucose
pyrophosphorylase that is analogous to the
ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase of
chloroplasts.
 At this stage, two consecutive reactions
complete the synthesis of sucrose

6.  First, sucrose-6-phosphate synthase catalyzes
the reaction of UDP-glucose with fructose-6-
phosphate to yield sucrose-6-phosphate
and UDP

7.  Second, the sucrose-6-phosphate
phosphatase (phosphohydrolase) cleaves the
phosphate from sucrose-6-phosphate,
yielding sucrose