The document discusses various common sports injuries including sprains, strains, tennis elbow, impingement and rotator cuff tears, and knee injuries. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment for each injury. Ankle sprains are described as ligament tears caused by foot inversion that can range from mild to severe. Tennis elbow is defined as inflammation of the tendons near the outer elbow caused by overuse activities like racquet sports. Overuse syndrome is explained as joint injuries from repetitive exertion, with examples like shin splints and calluses.

1. Sports Injuries
 Sprain
 Strain
 Tenniselbow
 Impingement and rotator cuff tears
 Knee injuries (ACL injury, meniscal injury, overuse
syndrome)
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3. Sprain
 A sprain is a stretched or torn ligament.

8. Ankle sprain
 An anklesprain is a common injury to theankle.
 The mostcommonway theankle is injured is when
the ankle is twisted inward (inversioninjury).
 With this injury, ligaments that support theanklecan
be torn which lead to swelling, inflammation, and
bruising around theankle.
 An anklesprain injury may takea few weeks to many
months to fullyheal.

9.  The most common way the ankle can be injured is by
an anklesprain.
 When an ankle is sprained ligamentson the ankleare
eitherstretched, partially torn orcompletelytorn.
 The mostcommon typeof sprain is an inversion
injury, where the foot is rotatedinward.

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12.  Ankle sprains can range from mild, to moderate, and
severe.
 Type 1 anklesprain is a mild sprain. Itoccurswhen the
ligaments have been stretched ortorn minimally.
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15.  Type II ankle sprain is a moderate level of sprain. It
occurs when some of the fibers of the ligaments are
torn completely.

16.  Type III anklesprain is the mostsevereanklesprain.
 Itoccurswhen theentire ligament is torn and there is
great instability of the anklejoint.

17. Grade III ankle sprain

18.  Minor injuries like sprains may be treated at home if
broken bones are notsuspected.
 The acronym RICE is helpful in remembering how totreat
minorinjuries:
 "R" stands forrest,
 "I" is forice,
 "C" is forcompression,
 "E" is forelevation
 Pain and swelling should decrease within 48 hours, and
gentle movement may be beneficial, but pressure should
not be puton a sprained joint until pain iscompletelygone
(one to severalweeks).

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22. Strain

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27.  Tennis elbow is inflammation, soreness, or
pain on the outside side of the upper arm
near the elbow.

29.  When you use these muscles a lot, small tears
develop in the tendon. This leads to irritation
and pain where the tendon is attached to the
bone.
 This injury is most common in athletes who
play a lot of tennis, baseball, volleyball, or
golf

31.  Any activity that involves twisting of the wrist
can lead to this condition.
 This condition may also be due to constant
computer keyboard and mouse use.

32.  The first step is to rest your arm and avoid
the activity that causes your symptoms for at
least 2 - 3 weeks. You may also want to:
 Put ice on the outside of your elbow 2 - 3
times a day.
 Take anti-inflammatory medications (such as
ibuprofen, or aspirin).

35. Lateral epicondylitis
 Epitrochlearbursitis
 Tenniselbow

36. Lateral epicondylitis
 inflammation, soreness, orpain on theoutside
(lateral) sideof the upperarm near theelbow.

37. Causes, incidence, and risk factors
 Tendon - partof the muscle thatattaches toa bone
 Muscles in forearm attach to the boneon theoutside
of elbow.
 When these musclesare used overand overagain,
small tears develop in thetendon.
 Overtime, this leads to irritation and pain where the
tendon is attached to thebone.

38. Causes, incidence, and risk factors
 common in peoplewho playa lot of tennis orotherracquet
sports, hence the name "tenniselbow."
 Backhand is the mostcommon stroke tocause symptoms.
 However, anyactivitythat involves repetitivetwisting of
the wrist (like using a screwdriver) can lead to this
condition.
 Commonamong
 painters, plumbers, construction workers, cooks,and
butchers areall more likely todevelop tenniselbow.
 Thiscondition mayalso bedue toconstant computer
keyboard and mouseuse

39.  Tennis elbow is most commonly seen in two groups of
people:
 Manual Laborers
 People who work with their hands are at greater risk of
developing tennis elbow. Jobs that may lead to tennis elbow
include plumbers, painters, gardeners, andcarpenters.
 SportsParticipants
 Sports participants, especially racquetsport players, are prone
to developing tennis elbow. About a third of amateur tennis
playersexperience tenniselbowat some point in theircareers.
In addition to racquet sports, tennis elbow is seen in golfers,
fencers, and othersports participants.

40. Symptoms
 Elbow pain thatgraduallyworsens
 Pain radiating from theoutsideof theelbow to the
forearm and back of the hand when grasping or
twisting
 Weakgrasp
 Pain overtheoutsideof theelbow
 Pain when liftingobjects
 Pain radiating down theforearm

41. Dx
 diagnosis is made based on signs and symptoms,
becausex-rays are usually normal.
 Often there will be pain or tenderness when the
tendon is gentlypressed nearwhere itattaches to the
upperarm bone, overtheoutsideof theelbow.
 pain near the elbow when the wrist is extended (bent
backwards, like revving a motorcycle engine) against
resistance.
 X-rays are rarelyneeded.

42. Treatment
 Restarm
 avoid theactivity thatcauses symptoms forat least 2 -
3 weeks.
 Put iceon the outsideof elbow 2 - 3 timesaday.
 NSAIDs ( ibuprofen, naproxen, oraspirin).

43.  If due to sportsactivity
 Ask aboutanychanges can make in technique.
 Check anysports equipmentclient is using to see if any
changes mayhelp.
 Ask about how often client have been playing and
whether he/she should cutback.

44.  occupational therapist
 can show exercises to stretch and strengthen the
muscles of forearm.
 special brace for tenniselbow
 It wraps around the firstpartof forearm and takes some
of the pressure off themuscles.
 cortisone injection
 If the pain continuesafter 6 - 12 monthsof restand
treatment - surgery may berecommended

45. Surgical tx
 debridement of the diseased tissue of the extensor
carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle withdecortication
of the lateralepicondyle.
 performed through open, percutaneous,and
arthroscopicapproaches.

46. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/figures/A00068F01.jpg

47. Expectations (prognosis)
 Most people improve with nonsurgicaltreatment.
 The majorityof thosewhodo havesurgery showan
improvement insymptoms.

48. Complications
 Failure to improve with nonsurgical or surgical
treatment. This may be due to nerve entrapment in the
forearm
 Recurrence of the injurywith overuse
 Rupture of the tendon with repeatedsteroid injections

49. Prevention
 Applyan ice pack to theoutsideof theelbow
 Maintain good strengthand flexibility in thearm
muscles and avoid repetitivemotions
 Rest the elbowwhen bending and straightening are
painful

50. http://www.tennis-elbow.net/images/tennis-elbow-cure.gif

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60. ACL Injury
Meniscal Injury
OveruseSyndrome
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71. Overuse syndrome
 is a condition where a part of the body is injured by
repeatedlyoverusing orexerting to much strain on that
bodypart.
 The term overuse syndrome identifies a large group of
conditions that result from using the body in a repetitious
wayand causing injury by theamount it is done.
 These conditions are often focused on a joint and usually
affect the muscle, bone, tendon or bursa of the joint.
However other anatomical features and areas can be
stressed and theirresponse to that straincan be an injury.
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72.  Some common examples of overuse syndrome are:
 Carpal TunnelSyndrome
 Tendonitis
 Bursitis
 TennisElbow
 TriggerFinger
 BlackberryThumb
 Vibration WhiteFinger
 Shin Splints
 Calluses
 Bunyan
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73. Bursitis
 A bursa is a fluid filled sac. Theyare located around
joints and reduce friction and ease movement as
tendonsor muscles passover bonesorskin.
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