The document provides guidelines for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) including: - ART is recommended for all patients with a CD4 count ≤350 cells/μL, and is moderately recommended for those with a CD4 count >500 cells/μL. - Earlier ART may prevent end organ damage, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce HIV transmission. However, there are also risks of drug toxicities and resistance with early treatment. - Preferred initial ART regimens include combinations of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus an integrase inhibitor, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or protease inhibitor (PI). Guidelines are updated