Symbiosis
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Symbiosis refers to two organisms living together where at least one benefits. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, where one benefits and one is harmed; mutualism, where both benefit; and commensalism, where one benefits and the other is unaffected. Examples provided include acacia plants with ant galls in a parasitic relationship and moray eels with cleaner fish in a mutualistic relationship.
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Symbiosis refers to the living together of two organisms where at least one benefits. There are three types of symbiotic relationships: parasitism, where one benefits while harming the other; mutualism, where both benefit; and commensalism, where one benefits while the other is unaffected. Examples include parasites like Taenia worms harming humans, and mutualisms like clownfish and anemones, where the fish is protected and the anemone is kept clean.
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Describe three different symbiotic relationships, with examples. Which relationship produces the
most coevolution? Explain.
Please type the answer. Type the answer in your own words please. no copying from the internet
has to be in own words
Solution
Three different types of symbiotic relatioships are :
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
1.Mutualism is the relationship between organisms where both are benefitted from each other.
Examples of mutualism:
a. Oxpecker on zebra eats pest. Oxpecker gets food and zebra gets rid of pest.
b. Shape of flower and structure of pollinator is also an example of mutulism as shape of the
flower is specific for the pollinator to allow pollination.
c. Bacteria in gut of human intestine benefit human by partially digesting the food difficult to
digest. Bacteria gets food through this and human is able to digest tougher to dogest food.
d. Mycorhhiza is association between fungus and gymnosperm root. Plant gets benefitted by
collection of nutrients from soil and fungus gets benefit by plant in form of food and shelter.
2. Commensalism: In commensalism association, one organism is benefitted whereas other is not
affected at all.
examples:
a. Cattle Egret and cattle: as cattle grazes and uproots plants, insects that escape are eaten by
egret. Egret gets the benefit wheras cattle is not affected.
b Sucker fish attaches itself to the shark and travels along. Shark doesnt get affected whereas the
sucker fish gets left over food of shark.
c.Epiphytes are plants that grow on larger trees. They just climb the trees for receiving sunlight
and do not cause any affect to the plant.
d. CLown fish lives in tentacles of Sea anemones. Sea anemone doesnt get affected whereas
clown fish gets the advantage of protection from predators.
3. Parasitism: In this relationship, the parasite harms the host to derive the benefit in terms of
food or shelter or both. In this type of relationship one species is harmed whereas other is
benefitted.
examples of parasitism:
a. Lice on Human body: Lice sucks blood can causes harm to human.
b. Cuscuta causes harm to higher plants by living on it and taking the benefit of food and shelter.
c. Ascaris lives in human intestine . It benefits from receiving food and shelter and causes harm
to human.
d. tapeworm in Human intestine as they get partially digested food and deprive human of
nutrients.
Out of these relationships, coevolution is most important for species showing mutualistic
behaviour as:
1. They both have large dependency on each other for their survival.
2. Any change in one species can lead to extinction of the other. Coevolution is the only strategy
for their survival..
06 ecol inter
The document summarizes a lecture on ecological interactions between organisms. It discusses the five major categories of interactions: predation, competition, parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. For each interaction it provides examples and explains whether the interaction benefits, harms, or has no impact on the interacting species. It also discusses how humans have altered these natural interactions through activities like introducing invasive species, destroying habitats, and overexploiting resources.
Community Interactions And Sucession
Community interactions include competition, predation, and symbiosis. Competition occurs when organisms attempt to use the same ecological resource, leading to winners and losers. Predation involves one organism capturing and feeding on another. Symbiosis is a close relationship between two species, and includes mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Ecosystems are constantly changing over time through ecological succession in response to disturbances. Succession involves predictable changes in a community's composition as older species decline and new species move in.
The Biosphere
The biosphere is the layer of Earth where life exists, including all ecosystems. It is one of four spheres surrounding Earth, along with the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. Organisms within ecosystems engage in various relationships including cooperation, competition, predation, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Food chains and webs show the transfer of energy between organisms as some produce food, others consume plants or animals, and decomposers break down remains. Loss of biodiversity through extinction threatens ecosystems, so conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and their habitats.
How organisms interact in communities
1) Organisms in an ecosystem are bound together in a web of interactions and coevolve over time to support each other.
2) Predators and prey coevolve through natural selection, with predators developing traits for hunting and prey developing defenses for escaping predators.
3) Symbiotic relationships can benefit both organisms, like aphids and ants, or benefit one organism without harming the other, like clown fish living among sea anemones.
How organisms interact in communities
1) Organisms in an ecosystem are bound together in a web of interactions and coevolve over time to support each other.
2) Predators and prey coevolve through natural selection, with predators developing traits for hunting and prey developing defenses to escape, ensuring both survive.
3) Symbiotic relationships between species can be mutualistic, benefiting both; commensalistic, benefiting one; or parasitic, harming the host.
interactionsoforganisms-180323200310.ppt.pptx
An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic interactions within a defined space. Organisms within an ecosystem engage in various types of relationships including competition, predation, and symbiosis. Competition occurs when organisms strive for limited resources, often resulting in one species dominating the other over time. Predation describes the interaction where one organism kills another for food. Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism and involve close interactions between species.
Symbiotic relationships
The document discusses symbiotic relationships between different species. It defines symbiosis as a close, long-term relationship between two organisms where at least one benefits. There are several types of symbiotic relationships including mutualism, where both species benefit; commensalism, where one benefits and the other is not affected; and parasitism, where one harms the host. Examples given include relationships between bees and flowers, cattle egrets and livestock, and intestinal parasites and humans. Symbiosis is described as an important process for species survival and a fundamental part of ecosystems.
Symbiosis.docx
There are three main types of symbiotic relationships among animals: mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. Mutualism benefits both organisms, such as the relationship between crocodiles and birds where the bird removes food from the crocodile's teeth. Parasitism benefits one organism, usually a parasite, at the harm of the host, like ticks feeding on a cat's blood. Commensalism benefits one organism without affecting the other, for example remoras attaching to sharks for transportation without impacting the shark.
Symbiosis parasitism
Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, and harms the host by consuming its resources. Parasites include viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, insects, and arachnids that live on or in animals and viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes that infect plants. A classic example is the relationship between a tapeworm and the human intestines, where the tapeworm receives nourishment from the human's tissues while damaging the host.
Natural selection script and answer key
Today I’m talking to Doctor James Smith, who will be discussing the subject of natural selection. Dr. Smith, can you please explain what it’s all about?
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Symbiosis
- 3. What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism both organisms benefit one organism benefits one organism benefits one organism is unaffected one organism is harmed
- 4. Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls Ants lay eggs on acacia tree Acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (gall)
- 5. Mutualism: both benefit Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal
- 6. Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected Example 3: Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects
- 7. Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected Example 4: Clown fish with anemone Clown fish gets protection Anemone is unaffected
- 8. Mutualism: both benefit Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal
- 9. Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind
- 10. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.