study of swine influenza

1. Presented by:
Anil Adhikari
Subash Rimal
Source: omics online journal
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2. Table of contents:
 Introduction
 History
 Classification
 Mode of transmission
 Antigenic shift & drift
 Zoonosis
 Signs and symptoms
 Prevention
 References
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3. Introduction:
 Synonyms:
swine flu, H1N1 Flu, Hog Flu, Pig Flu
 Swine flu is acute contagious respiratory disease of
swine that results from infection with type A
influenza virus (….. Mereks veterinary mannual)
 Swine influenza virus (SIV) or swine-
origin influenza virus (S-OIV) is any strain of
the influenza family of viruses that is endemic
in pigs.
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4. History:
 1918 Flue pandemic: the worth pandemic so called
Spanish flu. Affected nearly 1 third of world population
 In 1976 october 1st , H1N1 Outbreak
 1988 zoonosis:- 32 yrs healthy pregnant women died
after visiting pig farm in U.S
 1998 outbreak in swine
 2009 pandemic in human
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5. History of virus
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6. 2009 outbreak in human
 Total conformed cases in india : 24439
 Total death in india: 811
 Total conformed cases (world): 622482
 Total death (atleast):- 10582
 In Nepal :- 302 are infected
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7. Cont…
 In Nepal, 3 people died:
 first case chitwan madi, 31 yrs female
 2nd case bhaktapur jadibuti 29 yrs female
 3rd case kathmandu female 23 yrs
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8. Morbidity and mortality
Morbidity:- 100%
Mortality :- 1-4%
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9. Classification:
a. Influenza A: H1N1, H1N2, H2N3,H3N2 strain
Infects birds ,swine, birds.
b. Influenza C: Infect both human and pigs but do not
effect birds. Transmission between pigs and human have
occurred in the past.
The newest swine flu virus that has caused swine flu is
influenza A H3N2v that began as an outbreak in 2011.
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10. Transmission:
 Swine influenza is transmitted from person to person
by inhalation or ingestion of droplets containing virus
from people sneezing or coughing;
 It is not transmitted by eating cooked pork products.
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12. Transmission:
Source:http://www.insightsonindia.com
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13. How zoonotic??
 Pigs considered as “mixing vessel” for influenza virus
because of their susceptibility to infection with both
avian and human influenza viruses.
 Pigs possess both avian-type (SAα2,3Gal) and human-
type (SAα2,6Gal) receptors
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16. Antigenic drift & shift
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18. Symptoms
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19. Lesions
 Affected parts of the lungs are clearly demarcated and
consolidated.
 Generalised lymphadenopathy.
 Exudative tracheitis and exudative bronchiolitis.
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20. Diagnosis:
 RT-PCR
 ELISA
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21. Treatment:
Antiviral agents:
 zanamivir
 oseltamivir
 and peramivir
Symptomatic treatment
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22. Prevention control
Prevention of swine influenza has three components:
 Prevention in swine
 Prevention of transmission to humans
 Prevention of its spread among human
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24. Vaccines:
 The injectable H1N1 influenza virus vaccine is a
"killed virus" vaccine.
 H1N1 influenza virus vaccine is also available in a
nasal spray form, which is a "live virus" vaccine.
 Vaccination difficult due to various strain.
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25. References:
 https://www.healthhype.com/swine-flu.html
 https://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/index.htm
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-
and-veterinary-medicine/swine-influenza
 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Information-of-
death-cases-in-Nepal-by-Pandemic-influenza-A-
H1N1_fig4_50807663
 https://www.msdvetmanual.com/SearchResults?query=swi
ne+influenza
 http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Animal_Health_i
n_the_World/docs/pdf/Disease_cards/SWINE_INFLUENZ
A.pdf
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26. Thank you
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