You may be interested in the results of the survey and panel discussion that took place between the attendees and the Speakers on the topic:
“How International Companies deal with Remediation in China: what are challenges and needs and which strategies are available to manage liabilities and reputation”.
Speakers included representatives from Industry, government, local institutes, Lawyers and local remediation engineering company CH2M HILL.
The document provides information about City Centre, the tallest skyscraper in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It includes details about the building such as its location, architects, area, budget, and year completed. The structural system uses a composite of RCC, flat slabs, and shear walls. Typical floors are used for commercial purposes like offices, restaurants, and other facilities. The building has parking in the basement levels and 37 total floors. Mechanical systems are located in the basement including the central AC system, generators, and water facilities.
INTRODUCTION
A developer has acquired a plot measuring about 43 by 21m,between Ndia kuu and thika street of old town mombasa,and has approached you
to redevelop the plot.an existing building built around 1900,was demolisjed under mysterious circumstances. The developer's intentionis to develop
a mixed urban development to maximize the potential for the site,while adhering to the concservation requirements posed by the stakeholder of oldtown
mombasa
The challenge presented by the project is in responding to the diversity of requirements in comprehensive urban development,site conditions and local
authority requirements and in achieving a sustainable design
REQUIREMENTS AND ACCOMMODATION SCHEDULE
1.commercial shop front
2.2bedroom unit
3.3bedroom units
3.club house
4.swimming pool
5.gym
6.parking
The Shanghai Tower project involved the construction of the second tallest building in the world at 632 meters tall. Some key aspects summarized:
- The 127-story tower incorporates sustainable design and achieved LEED Gold certification. It utilizes various green technologies to reduce its environmental impact.
- Construction began in 2008 and was completed in 2015, with the observation deck opening to visitors in 2016.
- The unique twisting form and double-skin facade allow for maximum daylighting while maintaining energy efficiency. The tower's design captures Shanghai's dynamic growth.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for his high-tech and eco-friendly designs. Some of his most notable works include London City Hall, with its distinctive oval form that minimizes energy usage, and 30 St Mary Axe (nicknamed The Gherkin) in London, known for its unique tapered and curved shape that reduces wind load and allows natural ventilation. Foster's designs are inspired by streamlined bodies and aim to create flexible, sustainable buildings through attention to structure, services, ecology and materials using principles of synthesis and energy efficiency.
APPLE'S NEW SPACESHIP CAMPUS IS FINAL GIFT FROM STEVE JOBSMichael Giffney
The first employees have entered the building but it will take 6 months for all 12,000 to move into the futuristic Apple Park campus. What they will find, is a final gift from Steve Jobs.
The document discusses energy efficiency in buildings. It defines renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable sources include solar, wind, and hydro power that can be replenished, while non-renewable sources like fossil fuels are finite. The document then discusses the Hearst Tower in New York City, designed by Norman Foster. It has a diagrid steel frame that uses 20% less steel. 90% of the steel is recycled. The tower achieves LEED Gold certification and uses efficient lighting and rainwater collection.
This document provides details about the Unitech Horizon housing project located in Greater Noida, India. It was developed by Unitech Limited on 25 acres with 23 blocks comprising 3 towers each. The housing has 600 parking spaces in its basement and facilities such as a clubhouse, swimming pool, playground, and landscaped areas. Floor plans show 3BHK flats ranging from 157-158 square meters. Diagrams and sections illustrate the project's layout, circulation, and building design.
Green building Approach for BSEC Building at Sher e Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bang...Salman Kamal
This presentation contains the procedure or idea about "how to design a green building". This specific building is designed for Bangladesh Securities and exchange commission (BSEC) in Dhaka. The client was looking for he possibilities of green features in the building.
The document provides information about City Centre, the tallest skyscraper in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It includes details about the building such as its location, architects, area, budget, and year completed. The structural system uses a composite of RCC, flat slabs, and shear walls. Typical floors are used for commercial purposes like offices, restaurants, and other facilities. The building has parking in the basement levels and 37 total floors. Mechanical systems are located in the basement including the central AC system, generators, and water facilities.
INTRODUCTION
A developer has acquired a plot measuring about 43 by 21m,between Ndia kuu and thika street of old town mombasa,and has approached you
to redevelop the plot.an existing building built around 1900,was demolisjed under mysterious circumstances. The developer's intentionis to develop
a mixed urban development to maximize the potential for the site,while adhering to the concservation requirements posed by the stakeholder of oldtown
mombasa
The challenge presented by the project is in responding to the diversity of requirements in comprehensive urban development,site conditions and local
authority requirements and in achieving a sustainable design
REQUIREMENTS AND ACCOMMODATION SCHEDULE
1.commercial shop front
2.2bedroom unit
3.3bedroom units
3.club house
4.swimming pool
5.gym
6.parking
The Shanghai Tower project involved the construction of the second tallest building in the world at 632 meters tall. Some key aspects summarized:
- The 127-story tower incorporates sustainable design and achieved LEED Gold certification. It utilizes various green technologies to reduce its environmental impact.
- Construction began in 2008 and was completed in 2015, with the observation deck opening to visitors in 2016.
- The unique twisting form and double-skin facade allow for maximum daylighting while maintaining energy efficiency. The tower's design captures Shanghai's dynamic growth.
Norman Foster is a renowned British architect known for his high-tech and eco-friendly designs. Some of his most notable works include London City Hall, with its distinctive oval form that minimizes energy usage, and 30 St Mary Axe (nicknamed The Gherkin) in London, known for its unique tapered and curved shape that reduces wind load and allows natural ventilation. Foster's designs are inspired by streamlined bodies and aim to create flexible, sustainable buildings through attention to structure, services, ecology and materials using principles of synthesis and energy efficiency.
APPLE'S NEW SPACESHIP CAMPUS IS FINAL GIFT FROM STEVE JOBSMichael Giffney
The first employees have entered the building but it will take 6 months for all 12,000 to move into the futuristic Apple Park campus. What they will find, is a final gift from Steve Jobs.
The document discusses energy efficiency in buildings. It defines renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Renewable sources include solar, wind, and hydro power that can be replenished, while non-renewable sources like fossil fuels are finite. The document then discusses the Hearst Tower in New York City, designed by Norman Foster. It has a diagrid steel frame that uses 20% less steel. 90% of the steel is recycled. The tower achieves LEED Gold certification and uses efficient lighting and rainwater collection.
This document provides details about the Unitech Horizon housing project located in Greater Noida, India. It was developed by Unitech Limited on 25 acres with 23 blocks comprising 3 towers each. The housing has 600 parking spaces in its basement and facilities such as a clubhouse, swimming pool, playground, and landscaped areas. Floor plans show 3BHK flats ranging from 157-158 square meters. Diagrams and sections illustrate the project's layout, circulation, and building design.
Green building Approach for BSEC Building at Sher e Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bang...Salman Kamal
This presentation contains the procedure or idea about "how to design a green building". This specific building is designed for Bangladesh Securities and exchange commission (BSEC) in Dhaka. The client was looking for he possibilities of green features in the building.
The Fujian Tulou are large, fortified earth buildings constructed between the 12th and 20th centuries in southeastern Fujian province, China. They housed extended family clans of up to 80 families. Tulou are usually circular or rectangular in shape, with thick compacted earth walls reinforced with materials like stone, bamboo, and wood. The walls are up to 6 feet thick and houses are arranged around an interior courtyard. Each family occupied vertically stacked rooms of identical size, promoting egalitarian living. The thick walls and single guarded entrance made Tulou effective fortresses against bandits. An ancestral hall in the center was used for worship, meetings, and other community functions.
The Sydney Harbour Bridge is the widest long span bridge in the world. It spans the Sydney Harbour and is 1,149 meters long total. It has eight vehicle lanes, two train lines, a footway, and a cycleway crossing its 49 meter wide deck. The bridge's arch span is 503 meters long and its pylons are 89 meters high above sea level, made of concrete faced with granite. It was built using temporary anchorages and wire ropes as it was constructed from both sides of the harbor.
Smart materials, also called Intelligent or responsive materials,
Designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli such as stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields etc.
This document discusses various structural systems and design considerations for high-rise buildings. It covers core types and placements, structural systems like diagrid, tube structures and load-bearing walls. It also discusses services like parking layouts, elevator types and criteria, mechanical systems, and considerations for wind loads and natural ventilation challenges in tall buildings.
The Interlace in Singapore is a residential development comprised of 31 apartment blocks stacked in a hexagonal configuration around 8 courtyards to maximize green space and connectivity. It turns vertical isolation into a network of horizontal social spaces. Landscaped sky terraces and cascading balconies optimize views of the tropical flora. The complex arrangement of the blocks provides varied sunlight and shade throughout while strategic placement of water bodies improves thermal comfort in recreational areas.
INTRODUCTION
A developer has acquired a plot measuring about 43 by 21m,between Ndia kuu and thika street of old town mombasa,and has approached you
to redevelop the plot.an existing building built around 1900,was demolisjed under mysterious circumstances. The developer's intentionis to develop
a mixed urban development to maximize the potential for the site,while adhering to the concservation requirements posed by the stakeholder of oldtown
mombasa
The challenge presented by the project is in responding to the diversity of requirements in comprehensive urban development,site conditions and local
authority requirements and in achieving a sustainable design
REQUIREMENTS AND ACCOMMODATION SCHEDULE
1.commercial shop front
2.2bedroom unit
3.3bedroom units
3.club house
4.swimming pool
5.gym
6.parking
Here are the key points covered in the scopes of study:
- Walkability and connectivity: Provision of pedestrian walkways, walking distance to amenities/services, public transportation.
- Safe neighbourhood: Application of CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) principles.
- Public open space: Provision and location of public open spaces based on guidelines.
- Green network: Availability of planting strips, street trees, neighbourhood farming plots, home green plots.
- Green infrastructure: Types of green infrastructure provided such as green roofs, rainwater harvesting, permeable pavements etc.
The scopes clearly define the different aspects of green neighborhood design that will be examined in the study such as connectivity
Norman Foster is an English architect known for his high-tech and environmentally-friendly designs. Some of his most notable buildings include London City Hall, 30 St Mary Axe (known as The Gherkin), and the Hearst Tower in New York City. His designs emphasize the use of innovative structural systems, sustainable materials, and passive design strategies to reduce energy usage and connect buildings to their surroundings. Foster's work has received many prestigious awards and he is considered a leader in modern architectural design.
The slide about sustainable of green building on design efficiency and the effect to human society, world and health. The content also support United Nation sustainable goal and carry unethical problem and suggestion to overcome.
The document provides information about the NTU School of Art, Design and Media building in Singapore. It discusses the building's passive design strategies that helped it achieve the highest Green Mark Platinum award. A key feature is the building's green roof, which acts as insulation to reduce heat gain within the building. The organic, hill-like shape of the roof allows it to seamlessly blend with the surrounding environment. The green roof and double-glazed facade help mitigate Singapore's hot and humid climate by lowering interior temperatures and energy usage at the building.
Maato ko Ghar seems like an old method of weak buildings compared to the modern RCC, Reinforced Cement Concrete. But this presentation shows that Rammed Earth is stronger than Concrete; warm in winter at 19 degree when outside temperature is -1 degrees and cooler in summer at 25 degree when outside temperatures are 35 degrees, and cost only Rs 3500 per square feet. Fascinating.
The document provides a case study analysis of Deck House in Janda Baik, Malaysia. It investigates the use of open layout plans and passive design strategies to reduce heat gain challenges in the tropical climate. Deck House integrates traditional Malay vernacular design approaches, such as elevated structures, large overhanging roofs, lightweight and breathable materials, cross ventilation, and preservation of surrounding vegetation. The open plan and minimization of interior partitions allows cross breezes to naturally ventilate the interior. Strategies like louvers, operable windows, and orientation further aid ventilation and thermal comfort without mechanical cooling. The design successfully demonstrates how vernacular principles can inform modern tropical architecture.
This document discusses high-rise buildings and defines them as multi-story structures over 40 stories tall that rely on elevators. It describes the key components of high-rise buildings including foundations, structural systems, facades, architectural elements, elevators, and mechanical systems. It also discusses factors that influence the design of tall buildings such as height, structural materials, wind loads, seismic loads, and limits to building height posed by factors like vertical transportation and construction processes.
Tall buildings emerged in the late 19th century in the United States and have since become a worldwide architectural phenomenon. High rise design considers social, economic, architectural, and environmental implications. Socially, high rises can cause psychological stress but also promote efficient land use. Economically, feasibility depends on market demand, costs, and maximizing space efficiency. Architecturally, structural systems and floor plans impact usability and costs. Environmentally, height influences sustainability and regulations provide opportunities and restrictions for innovation.
Paolo Soleri was an Italian architect known for his experimental city Arcosanti built in Arizona. He coined the term "arcology", a combination of architecture and ecology, to describe urban designs that are dense and integrated with the environment. Some of Soleri's conceptual arcology designs included Mesa City for 2 million people consisting of vertical structures, and space-based designs like Asteromo, a rotating asteroid habitat. Soleri's arcologies aimed to provide sustainable urban living that minimized environmental impact through compact and layered designs.
Eco-Friendly Construction By Shubham Shinde,Akshay Phadtare & Ganesh Phadtareakshayphadtare
This document discusses eco-friendly construction techniques. It begins with an introduction defining eco-friendly construction as building in a way that is beneficial and non-harmful to the environment and uses resources efficiently. It then covers the need for eco-friendly construction due to growth in construction negatively impacting resources and the environment. The objectives are outlined as conserving resources and minimizing environmental impact. Techniques discussed include green roofs, rainwater harvesting, solar equipment, and use of materials like aero tiles, aero bricks, and wood fibers. Benefits are reducing costs, waste and environmental impact while enhancing health. Case studies of eco-lodges in Spain and a children's center are presented. The conclusion restates that eco-
Singapore is a small country located in Southeast Asia that has become an economic powerhouse. Changi Airport, located in Singapore, is one of the busiest airports in Asia and has received numerous awards for its facilities and design. The airport has three terminals that can handle over 66 million passengers annually. Terminal 3, opened in 2008, uses sustainable design features like a unique butterfly-shaped skylight roof and extensive green walls to reduce energy usage and create a comfortable interior environment for travelers. Through its innovative design, Changi Airport has set new standards for airport design worldwide and consistently ranks as one of the world's best airports.
During the Industrial Revolution in Britain, new forms of transportation like canals, roads, and railways developed to transport goods more efficiently. This led factories and dense housing to cluster around transportation routes, creating unhealthy and overcrowded urban areas. Thinkers proposed utopian models to address these issues, including Robert Owen's planned industrial towns and J.S. Buckingham's proposals separating homes and factories with green space. Ebenezer Howard further developed the "Garden City" concept combining benefits of town and country life, with industry, commerce, and housing ringed by greenbelts. While utopian proposals aimed to improve living standards, most remained unbuilt and gridiron planning came to dominate expanding industrial cities.
A white spirit spill at a factory site located in a residential area of south eastern Australia led to contamination of shallow groundwater that fed into a nearby river. The contaminated groundwater contained toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene and n-alkanes in the C6-C36 fraction range. A funnel and gate permeable reactive barrier was designed and built, based on preliminary pilot scale tests using peat as the medium for the gate and the work conducted is presented as a case study. The technical effectiveness of the funnel and gate, over the 10 month operating period in which data was collected, indicates that peat represents an effective material for use in the gate component of funnel and gate remedial systems. The application of the funnel and gate technology represented a substantial saving to the client and was effective in preventing ongoing pollution of the nearby river. The construction of the funnel and gate system also incurred the minimum disturbance to the public access areas between the facility and the river.
Guidelines for planning_and_implementing_gw_characterization_of-contam_sitesCristobal Frausto Cruz
This document provides guidelines for planning and conducting groundwater investigations at contaminated sites in California. It is intended to assist DTSC project managers, responsible parties, and environmental consultants in characterizing the nature and extent of groundwater contamination. The document covers project planning, developing objectives for hydrogeological investigations, methods for characterizing site geology/hydrogeology and contamination, selecting appropriate field methods, and presenting characterization data. The focus is on a multi-media approach to thoroughly understand potential contaminant sources and human health risks like indoor air intrusion from groundwater contamination. Users should also refer to other DTSC, EPA, and third party guidance documents for comprehensive investigation and cleanup procedures.
The Fujian Tulou are large, fortified earth buildings constructed between the 12th and 20th centuries in southeastern Fujian province, China. They housed extended family clans of up to 80 families. Tulou are usually circular or rectangular in shape, with thick compacted earth walls reinforced with materials like stone, bamboo, and wood. The walls are up to 6 feet thick and houses are arranged around an interior courtyard. Each family occupied vertically stacked rooms of identical size, promoting egalitarian living. The thick walls and single guarded entrance made Tulou effective fortresses against bandits. An ancestral hall in the center was used for worship, meetings, and other community functions.
The Sydney Harbour Bridge is the widest long span bridge in the world. It spans the Sydney Harbour and is 1,149 meters long total. It has eight vehicle lanes, two train lines, a footway, and a cycleway crossing its 49 meter wide deck. The bridge's arch span is 503 meters long and its pylons are 89 meters high above sea level, made of concrete faced with granite. It was built using temporary anchorages and wire ropes as it was constructed from both sides of the harbor.
Smart materials, also called Intelligent or responsive materials,
Designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli such as stress, moisture, electric or magnetic fields etc.
This document discusses various structural systems and design considerations for high-rise buildings. It covers core types and placements, structural systems like diagrid, tube structures and load-bearing walls. It also discusses services like parking layouts, elevator types and criteria, mechanical systems, and considerations for wind loads and natural ventilation challenges in tall buildings.
The Interlace in Singapore is a residential development comprised of 31 apartment blocks stacked in a hexagonal configuration around 8 courtyards to maximize green space and connectivity. It turns vertical isolation into a network of horizontal social spaces. Landscaped sky terraces and cascading balconies optimize views of the tropical flora. The complex arrangement of the blocks provides varied sunlight and shade throughout while strategic placement of water bodies improves thermal comfort in recreational areas.
INTRODUCTION
A developer has acquired a plot measuring about 43 by 21m,between Ndia kuu and thika street of old town mombasa,and has approached you
to redevelop the plot.an existing building built around 1900,was demolisjed under mysterious circumstances. The developer's intentionis to develop
a mixed urban development to maximize the potential for the site,while adhering to the concservation requirements posed by the stakeholder of oldtown
mombasa
The challenge presented by the project is in responding to the diversity of requirements in comprehensive urban development,site conditions and local
authority requirements and in achieving a sustainable design
REQUIREMENTS AND ACCOMMODATION SCHEDULE
1.commercial shop front
2.2bedroom unit
3.3bedroom units
3.club house
4.swimming pool
5.gym
6.parking
Here are the key points covered in the scopes of study:
- Walkability and connectivity: Provision of pedestrian walkways, walking distance to amenities/services, public transportation.
- Safe neighbourhood: Application of CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) principles.
- Public open space: Provision and location of public open spaces based on guidelines.
- Green network: Availability of planting strips, street trees, neighbourhood farming plots, home green plots.
- Green infrastructure: Types of green infrastructure provided such as green roofs, rainwater harvesting, permeable pavements etc.
The scopes clearly define the different aspects of green neighborhood design that will be examined in the study such as connectivity
Norman Foster is an English architect known for his high-tech and environmentally-friendly designs. Some of his most notable buildings include London City Hall, 30 St Mary Axe (known as The Gherkin), and the Hearst Tower in New York City. His designs emphasize the use of innovative structural systems, sustainable materials, and passive design strategies to reduce energy usage and connect buildings to their surroundings. Foster's work has received many prestigious awards and he is considered a leader in modern architectural design.
The slide about sustainable of green building on design efficiency and the effect to human society, world and health. The content also support United Nation sustainable goal and carry unethical problem and suggestion to overcome.
The document provides information about the NTU School of Art, Design and Media building in Singapore. It discusses the building's passive design strategies that helped it achieve the highest Green Mark Platinum award. A key feature is the building's green roof, which acts as insulation to reduce heat gain within the building. The organic, hill-like shape of the roof allows it to seamlessly blend with the surrounding environment. The green roof and double-glazed facade help mitigate Singapore's hot and humid climate by lowering interior temperatures and energy usage at the building.
Maato ko Ghar seems like an old method of weak buildings compared to the modern RCC, Reinforced Cement Concrete. But this presentation shows that Rammed Earth is stronger than Concrete; warm in winter at 19 degree when outside temperature is -1 degrees and cooler in summer at 25 degree when outside temperatures are 35 degrees, and cost only Rs 3500 per square feet. Fascinating.
The document provides a case study analysis of Deck House in Janda Baik, Malaysia. It investigates the use of open layout plans and passive design strategies to reduce heat gain challenges in the tropical climate. Deck House integrates traditional Malay vernacular design approaches, such as elevated structures, large overhanging roofs, lightweight and breathable materials, cross ventilation, and preservation of surrounding vegetation. The open plan and minimization of interior partitions allows cross breezes to naturally ventilate the interior. Strategies like louvers, operable windows, and orientation further aid ventilation and thermal comfort without mechanical cooling. The design successfully demonstrates how vernacular principles can inform modern tropical architecture.
This document discusses high-rise buildings and defines them as multi-story structures over 40 stories tall that rely on elevators. It describes the key components of high-rise buildings including foundations, structural systems, facades, architectural elements, elevators, and mechanical systems. It also discusses factors that influence the design of tall buildings such as height, structural materials, wind loads, seismic loads, and limits to building height posed by factors like vertical transportation and construction processes.
Tall buildings emerged in the late 19th century in the United States and have since become a worldwide architectural phenomenon. High rise design considers social, economic, architectural, and environmental implications. Socially, high rises can cause psychological stress but also promote efficient land use. Economically, feasibility depends on market demand, costs, and maximizing space efficiency. Architecturally, structural systems and floor plans impact usability and costs. Environmentally, height influences sustainability and regulations provide opportunities and restrictions for innovation.
Paolo Soleri was an Italian architect known for his experimental city Arcosanti built in Arizona. He coined the term "arcology", a combination of architecture and ecology, to describe urban designs that are dense and integrated with the environment. Some of Soleri's conceptual arcology designs included Mesa City for 2 million people consisting of vertical structures, and space-based designs like Asteromo, a rotating asteroid habitat. Soleri's arcologies aimed to provide sustainable urban living that minimized environmental impact through compact and layered designs.
Eco-Friendly Construction By Shubham Shinde,Akshay Phadtare & Ganesh Phadtareakshayphadtare
This document discusses eco-friendly construction techniques. It begins with an introduction defining eco-friendly construction as building in a way that is beneficial and non-harmful to the environment and uses resources efficiently. It then covers the need for eco-friendly construction due to growth in construction negatively impacting resources and the environment. The objectives are outlined as conserving resources and minimizing environmental impact. Techniques discussed include green roofs, rainwater harvesting, solar equipment, and use of materials like aero tiles, aero bricks, and wood fibers. Benefits are reducing costs, waste and environmental impact while enhancing health. Case studies of eco-lodges in Spain and a children's center are presented. The conclusion restates that eco-
Singapore is a small country located in Southeast Asia that has become an economic powerhouse. Changi Airport, located in Singapore, is one of the busiest airports in Asia and has received numerous awards for its facilities and design. The airport has three terminals that can handle over 66 million passengers annually. Terminal 3, opened in 2008, uses sustainable design features like a unique butterfly-shaped skylight roof and extensive green walls to reduce energy usage and create a comfortable interior environment for travelers. Through its innovative design, Changi Airport has set new standards for airport design worldwide and consistently ranks as one of the world's best airports.
During the Industrial Revolution in Britain, new forms of transportation like canals, roads, and railways developed to transport goods more efficiently. This led factories and dense housing to cluster around transportation routes, creating unhealthy and overcrowded urban areas. Thinkers proposed utopian models to address these issues, including Robert Owen's planned industrial towns and J.S. Buckingham's proposals separating homes and factories with green space. Ebenezer Howard further developed the "Garden City" concept combining benefits of town and country life, with industry, commerce, and housing ringed by greenbelts. While utopian proposals aimed to improve living standards, most remained unbuilt and gridiron planning came to dominate expanding industrial cities.
A white spirit spill at a factory site located in a residential area of south eastern Australia led to contamination of shallow groundwater that fed into a nearby river. The contaminated groundwater contained toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene and n-alkanes in the C6-C36 fraction range. A funnel and gate permeable reactive barrier was designed and built, based on preliminary pilot scale tests using peat as the medium for the gate and the work conducted is presented as a case study. The technical effectiveness of the funnel and gate, over the 10 month operating period in which data was collected, indicates that peat represents an effective material for use in the gate component of funnel and gate remedial systems. The application of the funnel and gate technology represented a substantial saving to the client and was effective in preventing ongoing pollution of the nearby river. The construction of the funnel and gate system also incurred the minimum disturbance to the public access areas between the facility and the river.
Guidelines for planning_and_implementing_gw_characterization_of-contam_sitesCristobal Frausto Cruz
This document provides guidelines for planning and conducting groundwater investigations at contaminated sites in California. It is intended to assist DTSC project managers, responsible parties, and environmental consultants in characterizing the nature and extent of groundwater contamination. The document covers project planning, developing objectives for hydrogeological investigations, methods for characterizing site geology/hydrogeology and contamination, selecting appropriate field methods, and presenting characterization data. The focus is on a multi-media approach to thoroughly understand potential contaminant sources and human health risks like indoor air intrusion from groundwater contamination. Users should also refer to other DTSC, EPA, and third party guidance documents for comprehensive investigation and cleanup procedures.
Typically in Maine, petroleum contamination is remediated utilizing techniques that don’t take into account energy consumption or the overall “carbon footprint” of the remedial option. Soil excavation is the most common method, while groundwater extraction and treatment is used for sensitive groundwater resources. Trucking contaminated soil has the obvious environmental impacts of fuel consumption and air emissions. Pump and treat groundwater systems consume large amounts of electricity for pumps and filters, and often generate wastes that requires special disposal.
At a site in western Maine, St.Germain Collins designed and implemented a green technology for groundwater treatment that consumed no electricity, generated no waste, and had a carbon footprint limited to vehicle use for periodic site visits. This system was based on the fact that petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater are degraded by microbes naturally present in the subsurface. Biodegradation is often limited by a lack of oxygen, and to accelerate the process, St.Germain Collins installed a ten well oxygen injection system.
The effectiveness of the system was monitored by sampling five wells known to be contaminated. Before system startup, groundwater impacts were dominated by volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPH) with a high of 11,961 ug/L. After six months of operation, VPH at the same location was reduced to 4,599 ug/L. A similar pattern was observed across the Site with no significant rebound observed two months after system shutdown. Because of its effectiveness and minimal environmental impact, oxygen injection should be considered as a viable remedial method for petroleum contaminated groundwater in Maine.
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
Nordic experiences of soil and groundwater in situ remediationJarno Laitinen
Nordic experiences of soil and groundwater in situ remediation. Presented in Tallinn, 29.2.2012 on "Contaminated Sites Remediation in Estonia" seminar.
Phytoremediation..A cost effective and ecofriendly technique for removal of h...Soumyashree Panigrahi
This reflects light on the effects of Heavy metals on the contaminated soil & how to over come the ill effects by phyto remediation..or use of plants in reclaiming the soil...
Bioremediation uses microorganisms or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. There are two main types - in situ treats pollutants on site, while ex situ removes pollutants to off-site facilities. Examples of in situ techniques include bioventing, biosparging, and in situ biodegradation which supply oxygen and nutrients to stimulate bacteria. Ex situ methods include slurry and aqueous reactors which process contaminated materials in a contained system. Bioremediation can degrade pollutants like copper but has limitations such as environmental constraints and long treatment time.
15) groundwater contamination, prevention and remedial techniques as on 27-05...Najam Ul Syed Hassan
This document discusses groundwater contamination and remediation. It introduces groundwater and its importance as a source of drinking water for over 50% of the world's population. It describes how groundwater can become contaminated through human activities like industrial chemical spills and leaks, improper waste disposal, and excessive pesticide and fertilizer use. Both ex-situ and in-situ remediation techniques are discussed for removing contaminants from groundwater, such as pump and treat methods, bioremediation, and air sparging. Specific contaminants like TCE, MTBE, EDC, and gasoline are also summarized along with their typical treatment technologies. The document emphasizes the importance of preventing groundwater contamination to avoid costly
The document discusses hazardous waste management and the design of a Hazardous Waste Treatment Center (HWTC). The HWTC would include facilities for liquid waste treatment, land farming, hazardous and regular waste landfilling, solidification and stabilization, and incineration. The design aims to safely manage hazardous wastes while minimizing environmental and health risks through a modular and flexible approach.
Biorestoration deals with restoring or bringing back to an original or near original state using living micro-organisms. Nature has a built in check and balance system in everything it does. If there is too much or too little of something nature will use various life forms to try to re-establish a balance
PHYTOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS (WAQAS AZEEM)Waqas Azeem
This document discusses heavy metals contamination of soil and their uptake in the food chain. It provides details on various techniques used for remediation of contaminated soils, with a focus on phytoremediation. Phytoremediation uses plants and their associated microbes to remove, contain or render harmless contaminants in soil and water. Factors that affect phytoremediation like plant species, soil properties and metal properties are discussed. The use of hyperaccumulator plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals like arsenic is also described.
Randy Higgison has over 20 years of experience in high-volume thin film manufacturing. He has a strong track record of leading new production start-ups, optimizing operations, and reducing costs. Currently, he is a consulting to help companies improve manufacturing processes and expand operations.
How To Grow Your Business Green, Woodbridge Bizmania October 2009Victoria Zelin
This document summarizes a panel discussion on sustainability and green business practices. The panel discussed how businesses can reduce their environmental impact through various strategies like assessing energy usage, setting reduction goals, improving efficiency, and obtaining green building certifications. Government incentives are available to help businesses implement sustainability projects that save energy and cut costs. Going green can provide competitive advantages and improved financial performance over the long run.
Hudson Gain lead Panel including Mannington, Ingersoll Rand, and New Jersey Clean Energy. Presentation explores what these organizations are doing to grow their businesses in a more sustainable manner. You will learn various approaches to help build your own sustainable organization. Panel discussion was part of the Woodbridge Bizmania Program,
This document provides an agenda for a two-day event on practical ways for businesses to implement environmental sustainability. The event will feature case studies and best practices from various companies on topics like measuring carbon footprints, complying with environmental regulations, making economic cases for sustainability programs, managing energy and waste. Speakers will provide advice on tracking resources, supplier selection, product carbon labeling, and total cost of ownership for IT equipment. The goal is to translate sustainability into measurable business value.
EHS 2017 Summit Shanghai - what's in the Tool Kit of an EHS Manager in China ...Johnny Browaeys - 庄博闻
In today's China the role of an EHS Manager not only has become more critical, but also more complex than ever. They need to close or move and clean up old factories, strongly reduce environmental impacts of existing factories, increase awareness, develop processes and transform culture in the organisation, and act with a multiple of new stakeholders in- and outside of the company.
This track at the conference focuses on process design and plant production improvements. Sessions will cover innovative strategies for chemical process optimization, increasing production through design and equipment revamps, innovative materials for construction, and using modeling, automation and control to overcome challenges. Attendees will learn novel approaches to apply in their work. Specific sessions will discuss topics like diversifying raw materials, ultrasonic techniques, compact heat exchangers, process intensification, microchannel reactors, hydrocracking technology, and selecting materials to prevent corrosion and leaks.
12th Annual Discussions of The Round Table - ReviewedLOESCHE
1) The 12th Annual Discussions of the Round Table Symposium hosted 89 guests from 10 countries to discuss Loesche VRM technology.
2) Over two days of presentations and discussions, participants learned about Loesche's latest grinding technologies and new plant concepts, regulations affecting the cement industry, and case studies of Loesche mill installations.
3) Social events including tours of a classic car collection, a dinner cruise, and fishing trip provided opportunities for networking and informal discussion among attendees from around the world.
ICCC2009 - Conference Program as of 21 Sept 2009Rita Hausmann
This document provides an overview of the agenda and sessions at the 2nd International Conference on Climate Change in 2009. It includes:
- Plenary sessions on communicating climate science facts, climate change mitigation efforts required, and regional leadership in China on low-carbon development.
- Parallel sessions over the three day conference on topics like low-carbon finance, energy efficiency, green supply chains, business risks and adaptation, urban planning and adaptation.
- Keynote speakers and panelists from government agencies, intergovernmental organizations, universities, and private companies from China, US, UK, Denmark and other places.
- Moderated discussions and presentations on best business practices, opportunities in low-carbon
The document provides background information on the Orchard Garden Hotel project, which focuses on researching the sustainable practices of the Orchard Garden Hotel. It discusses the hotel's profile, reasons for adopting sustainable practices, sustainable building designs and practices implemented, and highlights from an interview with the General Manager Stefan Muhle on how the green practices have affected operations. The summary is:
The document summarizes the sustainable features and practices of the Orchard Garden Hotel in San Francisco, including its construction, operations, and an interview with the General Manager discussing the impacts of green practices on the facility.
This document summarizes a presentation on sustainability and green engineering benefits for urban areas in Jamaica. The presentation covered various topics related to sustainability including life cycle modeling, green engineering principles, local research on indoor environmental quality, thermal comfort, recommendations for green/sustainable office building design, and conclusions about understanding microclimates and reducing urban heat island effects. The presentation provided an overview of concepts related to sustainable engineering design and development.
This document summarizes a presentation on sustainability and green engineering benefits for Jamaica. It discusses principles of green engineering like minimizing pollution, conserving resources, and engaging communities. It also presents a case study on sugar production lifecycle assessment and recommendations for designing more energy efficient, sustainable buildings in Jamaica like considering microclimate, reducing urban heat island effects, and prioritizing occupant comfort. Local research on indoor environment quality in offices is analyzed to develop guidelines for better indoor environments and energy efficiency.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Future 500 on incentives for industries to protect water resources in China. It discusses Future 500's work engaging stakeholders on issues like water, climate change, and labor practices. It also provides a case study on Coca-Cola's water management policies in India, including an independent assessment of their practices that found some areas for improvement and recommendations around local water use, effluent treatment, and community engagement. The presentation outlines Coca-Cola's actions taken in response to the assessment findings to strengthen their policies.
This document provides an overview of rating green buildings and sustainability certification schemes. It discusses the BREEAM certification system, how to choose an appropriate rating system, and considerations around energy performance certificates. It also touches on the economic benefits of green buildings and future developments in sustainable building standards and regulations. In particular, it notes that BREEAM is one of the leading certification schemes and discusses some of its credit categories and assessment process. It also provides a case study of applying BREEAM certification to a development in Bucharest, Romania.
Sustainability activities carried out by RPL, covering CO2 Reduction, Circular Economy (zero waste, remanufacturing) Corporate Biodiversity natural capital development and CSR stakeholder engagement.
The document summarizes the Korea Business Forum on water solutions to be held in Singapore on July 4, 2012. The forum will showcase Korea's advances in water technology, policy changes, and business opportunities in the Korean water market. The morning session will include opening remarks and presentations on Korea's green stimulus projects, sustainable water management policies and trends. The afternoon session consists of a panel of Korean water companies discussing challenges, technologies and opportunities in areas like membranes, desalination, treatment and more. The forum aims to provide insights into Korea's emerging water industry and expand international business partnerships.
Learn how to achieve a measurable balance—creating an office that is energy efficient and sustainable, as well as a place where employees are healthy, comfortable and can do their best work.
This document discusses developing a greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting framework and assessing strategies to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions for a chemical company. It summarizes the project goals, acknowledges those who provided guidance and support, and provides an overview of the client company Deloitte and its environmental services. The document outlines the methodology used in the carbon footprint assessment, which included identifying GHG sources and sinks, defining organizational boundaries, collecting data, and calculating emissions. Key recommendations identified opportunities to reduce GHG emissions across the company's business operations and installations.
Rajni Kant Verma has over 23 years of experience in strategic management, project management, operations management and maintenance management. He has successfully led large projects in aluminum smelting and carbon plants for companies like Hindalco, Aditya Birla Group, and Alba Aluminum Bahrain. Verma holds an M.Tech from IIT Delhi and has extensive skills in areas like production management, quality assurance, maintenance, commissioning, and team management.
Jeffrey A. Dahl is a results-driven production and completion engineer with over 30 years of experience in well completion operations, hydraulic fracturing, production, artificial lift design, recompletions, waterfloods, EOR, reservoir characterization, project management, and team leadership. He has worked for Devon Energy and Mack Energy, where he oversaw completion operations and increased production. Dahl has also authored several publications and holds multiple patents related to well completion and stimulation techniques.
The document provides a summary of an individual's experience working in operations management roles in the petrochemical and chemical industries over 18 years. It summarizes their responsibilities and accomplishments in 3 roles:
1. Current role as Middle Management Professional at CHIRA PETROCHEM since 2006, overseeing plant operations, safety, and reliability.
2. Prior role as Senior Manager-Production at Reliance Industries from 2006-2014, ensuring production targets were met at an integrated petrochemical complex.
3. Early role as Engineer-Production at Hindalco Industries from 2001-2006, operating sulphuric acid plants and coordinating annual maintenance.
Similar to Sustainable Brownfield Redevelopment in China (20)
This document provides guidance for clean-tech companies entering or expanding in China. It summarizes China's transition to a green economy, the supporting mechanisms in place, and recommendations. China is prioritizing environmental protection and has implemented central campaigns to tackle pollution while encouraging green innovation. The government provides fiscal and financial support for green industries and has evaluation standards for green factories. Foreign clean-tech companies can take advantage of the growing market by providing green products and services or acting as consultants and enablers for other companies' green transitions. The document recommends a two-step approach of combining Western and Chinese best practices.
Part 2 digitization in operational and supply chain risk managementJohnny Browaeys - 庄博闻
This is the second of a series of three videos. Topics of the 3 videos are listed below:
1) How environmental policies and enforcement in China changed in 5 years
2) Digitisation is shaping the future of Operational & Supply Chain Risk Management
3) Green Manufacturing and Circular Economy - growing GDP from transformation
This document discusses environmental governance in China and the shift towards digitization. It summarizes China's systematic development of environmental policies from 2002 to the present, focusing on urban and industrial transformation. It outlines China's paradigm shifts towards transparency, public participation, and multi-stakeholder scrutiny. It also describes how China is digitizing environmental governance through proprietary databases, real-time company and compliance monitoring, and detection of policy movements. The document is from a presentation by Johnny Browaeys of Greenment, a leading environmental consulting firm in China.
Boletinomap 210 - CircularEconomy and Transformation GDP leading to growth an...Johnny Browaeys - 庄博闻
Spanish Translation of my Article in the Eurobiz magzine of Jan/Feb 2020 (business magazine of the European Chamber in China): about how Circular Economy and Transformation leads to extra GDP and employment, including specific guidance for companies
Impact from the Jiangsu explosion on Chemical Business in ChinaJohnny Browaeys - 庄博闻
This document discusses using data and technology to improve business and supply chain resilience in China. It describes how companies can use environmental data and monitoring to conduct risk screening of suppliers and operations. This allows companies to identify which entities may face issues like relocation or closure due to changing policies. Companies can then take proactive steps to mitigate risks and ensure the resilience of their business operations and supply chains. The document also introduces Greenment, a Chinese environmental consulting firm that has developed proprietary databases and technology to help companies with these types of data-driven risk assessments and dynamic risk management.
This was my closure presentation at the AMCHAM event where we discussed how digitisation and social credit scoring will change environmental governance and risk management in China.
GREENMENT is hosting two events about Sustainable Supply Chains in China in Shanghai (November 16th) and Shenzhen (November 30th). The half-day Forum is designed to introduce the latest Chinese local environmental regulatory enforcement cases, impact on supply chains, including recent production factories’ suspensions and other disruptive events to companies due to changes and risks, as well as corporate strategies to proactively mitigate the risk.
The event is invite only. If you have a role in China procurement or supply chain management and are interested to attend you can send me a private message. Our Shanghai event is fully booked, our Shenzhen event still has some seats left.
White Paper on 3-dimensional environmental protection in China's New Environm...Johnny Browaeys - 庄博闻
Regulatory compliance in China has become more complicated and confusing in the last 2 years. New requirements and enforcement seem to come out of the blue. This White Paper examines the root causes of rapidly changing environmental policies and recommends a quick and cost-effective approach to risk management in China that is aligned with the Government’s regulatory intent and with minimum impact on the sites’ operations.
Weathering the Environmental Storm in China's - Beyond ComplianceJohnny Browaeys - 庄博闻
Any large business today has significant exposure to China as a manufacturing base, market for your products and/or technology development partner
China’s industrial landscape is being reshaped by environmental policy priorities and a central government that is stronger now than at any time in the last 200 years. These changes will force many production sites to close or relocate at great expense, and with associated supply chain disruptions.
Impacts will vary according to regional sensitivities and cross-checking is necessary to get reliable impact assessments.
Being a multinational manufacturer in or sourcing from China remains a solid business proposition, but critical business decisions may be required to sustain your advantage.
The first step is assessing site-specific vulnerability to China’s policy changes.
This document outlines a roadmap for successfully developing a soil remediation business in China. It discusses focusing on capturing market share quickly through speedy implementation of new technologies, team building, and project completion. It also emphasizes aligning with government priorities and local needs by targeting contaminated industrial sites undergoing urbanization. The roadmap stresses including all relevant stakeholders in business development and marketing, as well as carefully selecting technology, manufacturing, and local partners for sustainable long-term collaborations. Finally, it recommends having a value proposition focused on target clients, a localized market approach, and an organization with clear processes and communication to achieve business goals.
The year 2016 was a turning point in the way China deals with soil pollution. The 10-Chapter Soil Pollution Action Plan laid the foundation and was followed by a rapid rolling out of new initiatives, regulations and enforcement programs. This presentation was given at the European Chamber in Shanghai to provide companies operating in China an update about these new requirements and to share with some insights in strategies leading MNC’s are implementing to manage their liabilities.
A personal story about coaching David with building a team and business culture, allowing him to drive his BU from being the laggard to being ranked Third globally in his company in just 6 months.
The document discusses integrated water management and sustainability concerns related to industry water use. It notes that water stress is prominent in industrial areas and outlines three strategic signals related to increasing business disruption risks, license to operate risks, and rising water management costs. The document advocates for assessing the economics of water use, managing water risks, implementing advanced solutions like water reuse, and striving to ultimately reduce source water needs. An example case study highlights how a manufacturing company implemented water reuse measures to lower costs and environmental impacts.
This presentation gives an overview of the company I proudly joined a little over half a year ago. Our Vision is to Create Value for our customers, Make a profit for our sustainable growth and help society build a better world, this all based on ethical principles and a long-term vision. We are not listed and purely employee owned.
This presentation was given by our President at the Ecocities Seminar in Beijing early June 2009 and reflects the kind of projects we assist with in China
Social responsibility is an important consideration for businesses operating in China. The challenges include frequent regulatory changes, inconsistent enforcement of regulations, and lack of awareness around sustainability issues among local suppliers. However, there are also opportunities for companies that integrate social responsibility into their strategies. Success stories include companies that improved their reputations and secured deals by engaging with local communities and adopting sustainable practices. When operating in China, it is important to understand these challenges and opportunities and strive for partnerships that benefit all stakeholders.
2. Table Of Content
• Agenda and Venue
• Summary Survey and Panel Discussion
• Slides of the presentations
• White Paper on Sustainable Remediation providing
the latest insight on Sustainable Remediation
(published 30 June 2009)
• For info on event:
- johnny.browaeys@ch2m.com (+86 1376 1894 720)
- Lie.Ma@ch2m.com (+86 1370 1742 423)
- speakers contact details at the first page of respective presentations
3. Sustainable Redevelopment of Contaminated Site Seminar
B
受污染地块可持续性再开发研讨会
About CH2M HILL
Jiuzhou Conference Room D
Headquartered in Denver, Colo., employee-owned
4 Floor, Jianguo Hotel Shanghai
CH2M HILL is a global leader in full service consulting,
439 Cao Xi Bei Road,
construction and operations for government, civil, industrial
Shanghai China
and energy clients. CH2M HILL has over 25,000
Tuesday 23rd June, 2009
employees and USD 5.8 billion in revenue in 2008. The
firms’s work is concentrated in the areas of environment,
会议地点:上海市建国宾馆 4 楼九州厅 D
water, energy, transportation, nuclar and industrial facilties.
上海市漕溪北路 439 号建国宾馆 4 楼南丹路口
CH2M HILL has long been recognised as a most admired
会议时间:二〇〇九年六月二十三日 (星期二)
company and leading employer, including being named by
主办单位:西图中国公司
Fortune as one of the 100 Best Companies to Work For in
the US and one of America’s Most Admired Companies
Subjects of the Seminar:
(2008).
• Updating remediation regulations and technologies
CH2M HILL is recongised as the largest environmental firm
• Soil remediation in Shanghai
in the US for consective three years by Engineering-News
• Best practice of property remediation and
Record (ENR).
sustainable approach in industry
As the first international company operating in China,
• Case studies of successful revitalization of
CH2M HILL obtained Environmental Impact Assessment
contaminated properties
License from Chinese government in 2001.
研讨会的主题:
• 地块修复技术和法规的最新发展
• 当前上海地区的土壤修复的状况 关于西图集团
• 土壤修复可持续方法在企业中的实践和管理模式 西图集团总部位于美国科罗拉多州的丹佛是一家
• 受污染地块重新开发的真实成功案例 全球领先的项目咨询、设计、施工和运营公司。
西图集团在全球拥有约 25,000 名员工, 2008 年营
Eminent speakers from: 业额约为 58 亿美元,是美国财富 500 强企业。西
• Shanghai Environmental Protection Bureau 图集团侧重的行业领域包括环境、水、能源、交
• Shanghai Environmental Science and Research Institute 通、核能和工业设施。
• CH2M HILL
• Honeywell 西图集团长期被认为是最受尊敬的公司和雇主。
• Squire, Sanders & Dempsey L.L.P. 集团得到的荣誉包括被财富杂志评为 2008 年美国
最受尊敬的公司和最佳 100 家雇主之一。
主要发言人将来自于:
• 上海市环境保护局 西图集团已经连续三年被美国权威的工程新闻杂
• 上海市环境科学研究院 志(Engineering -News-Record)评为美国最大的环
• 西图公司 境公司。西图中国公司在 2001 年成为第一家获得
• 霍尼维尔公司 中国政府颁发的环境影响评价资质的外资咨询公
• 美国翰宇律师事务所 司。
4. Seminar Agenda 日程安排
Tuesday 23rd June, 2009 2009年6月23日(星期二)
13:00 Registration 13:00 签到
13:30 Kick Off Speech: Mr. Gene Lupia 开幕致词:
13:30 开幕致词
President, Environmental Services Business Gene Lupia 先生
Group, CH2M HILL 环境服务集团总裁
集团总裁,
环境服务集团总裁 西图公司
13:45 Words from Shanghai EPB 13:45 上海市环境保护局领导致词
Mr. Hailing Luo 罗海林先生
罗海林先生
Director of Aquatic Environment and Ecology
水环境与自然生态处处长
Department, Shanghai EPB
上海市环境保护局
第一部分:
14:00 第一部分 如何运用先进的地块分析手段及修复
14:00 Session One: Streamlined Site Characterization
and Risk-based Remediation to Facilitate 技术来推动受污染地块的复原和重新开发
Expedited Revitalization and Redevelopment of Terry Feng 博士
Contaminated Properties 首席技术专家
Dr. Terry Feng 西图公司
Principal Technologist, CH2M HILL
14:30 Session Two: Remediation and Re-development in 14:30 第二部分: 上海地区的土壤修复和开发
部分 上海地区的土壤修复和开发
Shanghai and Case Studies 罗启仕博士
罗启仕博士
Dr. Qishi Luo 土壤修复所所长
Remediation Manager, Shanghai Acadmey of 上海市环境科学研究院
Environmental Science
15:00 Tea Break 15:00 茶歇
15:30 Session Three: The Sustainable Approach to
第三部分:
15:30 第三部分 环境修复的可持续方法
Environmental Remediation
吴涛先生
Mr. Tao Wu
Manager of Global Remediation and Evaluation, 全球场地修复和评价经理
Honeywell 霍尼维尔公司
16:00 Session Four: Review of Contaminated Land 第四部分:
16:00 第四部分 中国的污染场地的环境责任
Environmental Liabilities in China 李康熙先生
李康熙先生
Mr. Charles R. McElwee, II 美国翰宇律师事务所
Squire, Sanders & Dempsey L.L.P.
16:15 Open Discussion, Challenges and Practices of 16:15 第五部分: 讨论, 跨国公司在场地污染和修复问
部分 讨论,
MNCs in China on site contamination and 题上面对的挑战和实践
remediation 庄尼先生
庄尼先生
Moderator: Mr. Johnny Browaeys 环境业务总监,
环境业务总监,西图公司
Operations Director of Environmental Services
CH2M HILL
16:45 Adjourn 16:45 休会
5. Survey and Panel Discussion
CH2M HILL
西图建筑工程(上海)
西图建筑工程(上海)有限公司
Johnny Browaeys
johnny.browaeys@ch2m.com
6. Approach
• Survey based on feedback from 55 participants
(50MNC, 5 institutes)
• Enquiring for challenges and needs for stakeholders
considering remediation in China
• Interactive discussion between attendees and panel:
Legal Advisor Squire, Sanders & Dempsey L.L.P.
Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences (SAES)
Industry: Honeywell
Remediation Engineer: CH2M HILL
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2
7. Survey: CHALLENGES (scale 1-10)
• Managing environmental liabilities for soil and
groundwater pollution during transactions – 4.7
• Unclear regulatory framework – eg. when is
remediation required, which clean up objectives? – 4.6
• Lack of consistency between different regions – 4.5
• Quality of consultants – 4.3
• Quality of labs – 4.2
• Consistency between National and Local policies – 4.1
• Lack of companies in China experienced with remedial
engineering – 4.0
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8. Survey: NEEDS (scale 1-10)
• Find a way to solve the pollution problem without
interfering with production – 5.3
• Control of costs, especially now during the financial
crisis – 4.8
• Better understanding of what are the real risks related
to soil and groundwater – 4.6
• More knowledge of the regulations – 4.4
• More knowledge on understanding the business risks
related with soil and groundwater pollution – 4.3
• Better understanding of your corporate strategy on soil
and groundwater liabilities – 3.4
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9. Panel – strategies for MNC
• Remediation in China: waking sleeping dog or
managing future (and actual) liability?
• Communication strategy for dealing with local
authorities that have different agenda or lack
experience with soil and groundwater pollution
• Managing “2 dreams in one bed” (Joint-Ventures)
• Importance of Asset Management Strategy
• Different drivers behind implementation of grey
regulatory framework (eg. closure EIA’s / clean up)
• Rising awareness and managing expectation
• Clean up triggers and “Stay Out” situations
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10. Panel – remediation technologies
• Commercially available solutions versus locally design
and build ?
• Remediation “Engineering” versus “Solutions from the
shelf”
• Reducing Capital Investment and managing O&M costs
• Optimizing remediation budget in the financial crisis
• Leveraging facility upgrades (remediate and build)
• Engineer solutions using excess capacity existing
facility utilities (steam etc.)
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11. Panel – government and policy
• New soil regulation “next year” (since the last 5 years)
• Unclear reporting level to submit Remedial Action Plan
• Link with EIA regulations
• Independency
• MEP vs Superfund
• MEP vs RBCA
• What changed from SEPA to MEP?
• Local government “developing” brown fields
• Value of brown fields in cities – forced relocations
• Role of project developers and MNC for cleaning up
China?
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13. Sustainable Redevelopment of Contaminated Land Seminar
June 23, 2009, Shanghai, China
Streamlined Site Characterization and Risk-
based Remediation to Facilitate Expedited
Revitalization and Redevelopment of
Contaminated Properties
June 23, 2009
Terry Feng, Ph.D., P.E.
Terry.Feng@ch2m.com
14. Presentation Outline
Introduction –
Drivers, trends, and tools for revitalization and/or
redevelopment of contaminated properties
Examples
Highlight of October 2008 U.S. EPA Document
Revitalization of a closed chemical plant in Southern
California
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 2
15. Drivers / Motivations
Why do we care about contaminated properties? We care
because it is an intuitively right thing to do. More
specifically, it is:
good for the economy
necessary to ensure protection of human health and environment
added value for property owners – enhanced property value and
reduced liability
a part of many deep-pocket corporations’ asset management / property
divestiture program
a demonstration of great Corporation Citizenship
a contractual obligation for sellers or buyers through real estate
transactions
required by regulation
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 3
16. It also fits nicely with the three parts
sustainability model…
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June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 4
17. Trends (Observed in U.S.)
Government leads the way
More corporations are doing it
More investors and developers are involved
More owners interested
More reputable and experienced contractors
involved
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 5
18. Tools and Methodologies
Brownfield regulations (U.S., Europe, Canada….)
Incentives from federal, state and local governments
Risk sharing through contractual and legal mechanisms (liability
transfer, insurance, price guarantee)
Risk management through land use covenant (deed restriction
and institutional controls)
Flexible and streamlined regulatory processes
Support for application of innovative site characterization and
remediation technologies
Triad, DPT, MIP
ERD, ISCO, SVE/MPE, GCW/ART, ERH/ISTD, PRB, Phytoremediation
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 6
19. Presentation Outline
Introduction –
Drivers, trends, and tools for revitalization and/or
redevelopment of contaminated properties
Examples
Highlight of October 2008 U.S. EPA Document
Revitalization of a closed chemical plant in Southern
California
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 7
20. October 2008 U.S. EPA Document
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 8
21. U.S. EPA: 10 Contributors for Successful
Revitalization of Mothballed Properties
1. Reuse First (owners take initiative)
2. Recruit Redevelopers
3. Local Leadership
4. Craft Creative Corporate Strategies
5. Take Advantage of State Tools & Resources
6. Coordinate Cleanups
7. Leverage Federal Funding & Support
8. Assist the Mom & Pops
9. Reduce Risks
10. Create Comfort
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 9
22. U.S. EPA: 11 Project Profiles of Successful
Mothballed Property Revitalization
1. Car Company Revitalizes Old Manufacturing Sites
2. Ohio Development Team Overcomes Barriers to Reuse of Mothballed Waterfront Property
3. Manufacturer Takes a Prevention Approach to Mothballed Properties
4. Chemical Company Ranks Sites and Reaches out to Regulators for Reuse of
Underutilized Properties
5. Pennsylvania Buyer-Seller Agreement Facilitates Reuse of Old Manufacturing Site
6. Vacant Site to Become Rochester Sports Complex
7. Milwaukee Master Plan Renews Old Industrial Valley
8. Environmental Extension Center Helps Seattle Small Businesses on Contaminated Properties
9. West Virginia Small Cities Create A Commerce Corridor
10. Colorado Brownfields Foundation Helps Mom & Pops with Environmental Stewardship
Program
11. Innovative Building Reuse Program Spurs Revitalization of North Carolina Small Towns
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 10
23. Presentation Outline
Introduction –
Drivers, trends, and tools for revitalization and/or
redevelopment of contaminated properties
Examples
Highlight of October 2008 U.S. EPA Document
Revitalization of a closed chemical plant in Southern
California, U.S.A.
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 11
24. Site Location and Surroundings
Prime South Bay
location – only a few
miles from the
Pacific Ocean and
LAX
Surrounded by
industrial /
commercial
properties
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 12
25. Site History
The 56-acre chemical
plant was initially
developed in 1920s and
ceased operation in 2003
Main industrial activities
included:
Sulfuric acid production
Pesticides
packaging/distribution
Phthalic anhydride
production
Solvents packaging and
distribution
Refrigerants production
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 13
26. 1991 Aerial Photo of the
Chemical Plant
June 23, 2009 Copyright 2009 by CH2M HILL. Reproduction and distribution in whole or in part without the written consent of CH2M HILL is prohibited. 14
27. Feb. 2003 Aerial Photo – Right before Plant
Closure and Facility Demolition
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28. 2004 - Demolition Completed
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29. Site Revitalization Strategy
City re-zoned the parcel from
Industrial to Commercial and
approved the plan to develop
the land into an nice retail
center
Prime location helps -
developer agreed to pay
$1,000,000 USD per acre for
redevelopment while the plant
owner carries all environmental
liabilities including achieving
“Regulatory Closure” on
Closure
shallow soil and “Approved
RAP” for deep soil before the
RAP
buyer writes the check
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30. Phased Redevelopment Plan
Phase I:
43 acres including northern
parcels and southwest corner lot
parcel
Retail center including Whole
Foods, Best Buy, Barnes & Noble,
etc. as well as restaurants
Retail center open for business
by 2006 holiday season
Phase II:
13 acres of UND-4&5 parcels
Industrial/commercial
development at a later time along
with the parcels in the east and
west
This presentation focuses on
Phase I project
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31. Aggressive Schedule Milestones
Feb. 2003 - ceased facility operation and began facility demolition
and site characterization
Early 2004 - completed demolition and site characterization
Late 2004 – completed remediation of 23 shallow soil hot spot areas
Middle 2005 – received regulatory no-further-action (NFA) letter
(a.k.a., “Regulatory Closure”) for shallow soil on Phase I parcels
Late 2005 – regulatory approval of sitewide remedial action plan
(RAP) for deep soil vapor plume (a.k.a., “Approved RAP”)
Early 2006 – Began redevelopment grading and vertical construction
Late 2006 – newly constructed retain center opened for business
Achieving “Regulatory Closure” for shallow soil and “Approved
RAP” for deep soil vapor plume were two owner’s obligations that
must be satisfied prior to the real estate closure
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32. Strategic Planning
Identify critical success factor – meeting
schedule milestones
Focus on critical path work scope:
Site characterization
Risk assessment
Shallow soil remediation
Find and use innovative solutions
Strive for dedication, cooperation and teamwork
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33. Technical Approaches
The following three technical elements were critical
contributors to the overall success of the project:
Expedited Site Characterization supported by a “dynamic” work
plan - the Triad approach
Expedited Risk Assessment conducted concurrent with the field
investigation; early development of site-specific “risk per unit
concentration” values for all site chemicals allowed real time
cumulative risk calculations
Expedited Shallow Soil Remediation conducted as an interim
remedial measure (IRM) led to significant schedule savings
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34. Expedited Site Characterization
More than 500 soil borings drilled
More than 1400 soil samples
collected
More than 1400 soil samples
analyzed for VOCs
More than 1100 samples analyzed
for SVOCs, PCBs, pesticides,
metals & TPH/GROs
Mobile labs used to expedite field
screening
More than 350 soil vapor samples
collected and analyzed for VOCs
Water Board RI approval letter
issued April, 2005
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35. RI Site-Characterization Report and
Remedial Detected Preliminary Screening for Potential
Work Plan and
Investigation Implementation
Chemicals Shallow-Soil Hot Spots
Soil Gas;
Johnson & Ettinger
1 mg/m3
Vapor Intrusion Model
(assumption)
Risk-Assessment Processes
Risk and Hazard Estimates at
Unit Concentrations Soil; Risk Risk- and Hazard-
1 mg/kg Assessment Estimates
(assumption) Methodology Per Unit Concentration
Cumulative Risk & Hazard Estimate of Cumulative Risk- and Hazard- Analytical
(for all chemicals at the area) Risk and Hazard Estimates × Results for
At Hot-Spot Locations Per Unit Concentration Hot Spots
Is
Remedial Action Decisions No No Further Action
Cumulative Risk Estimate >10-5
IRM Work Plan and Final RAP (NFA)
Or
Hazard>1?
Yes
Figure 1
Develop and Implement IRM and Final RAP ***
(based on most-stringent, relevant exposure scenario)
Risk Management Honeywell
El Segundo, California
Decision Flow
June 23, 2009 23
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*** Potential impact to groundwater from deep soil are addressed in the fate & transport analysis of the final RAP. Diagram
PARSONS
36. Identification of shallow soil hot spots
46 hot spot areas initially identified 23 hot spot areas retained after site-
based on available regulatory specific risk assessment as hot
screening levels (PRGs, ESLs, spots for remediation
CHHSLs, SLs, etc.)
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37. Expedited Shallow Soil Remediation
TRIAD approach for IRM using a stepwise
excavation-confirmation process
Step 1 removed impacted soils based on initial
estimate
Removal action continued until concentrations of all
risk drivers were below RBCGs for the hotspot
More than 20,000 cubic yards of soils were
removed from the 23 hotspot areas
Post-IRM risk assessment conducted to ensure
achieving target risk management goal
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38. Final Regulatory Approval
Completion of shallow soil IRM satisfied required shallow soil matrix
remedial actions
Agency approval of the IRM Completion Report satisfied the
requirement for shallow soil closure
The NFA letter for shallow soil was issued in June 2005 as
consistent with the redevelopment plan
A remedial action plan (RAP) was also submitted and approved by
agency in 2006 which satisfied the remainder requirement for the
property sale and redevelopment
*** It may be worthy of noting that deep soil and groundwater cleanup
is not required prior to site redevelopment
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39. Mission Accomplished
Feb. Dec.
2003 2007
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40. Project Progress
Some aerial photos showing progress of site demolition,
grading, deep remediation system installation and
redevelopment construction project
Some photo shots after redevelopment construction has
completed and retail center opened for business
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41. 2004 - Post Demolition and Prior to
Grading Activities
Piles of crushed
concrete from
demolished
buildings/foundations
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42. 2005 – SVE System Installation Prior to Building
Construction, SVE Wells and SVE Pipe Laterals
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43. April 2005 – Retail Store Construction
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44. Jan. 2007 – Aerial View of Plaza El Segundo
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45. Nov. 2006 – New Retail Stores Open for
Business
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46. Nov. 2006 – Retail Stores Open for Business
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47. Nov. 2006 – Retail Stores Open for Business
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48. Conclusions
Strategic planning to identify and focus on
critical success factors,
critical path scope elements, and
innovative solutions
to address them are critical for the ultimate success of
the project
Teamwork from the entire project team including
the owner, developer and regulatory agencies,
were crucial factors for the success of the
project
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49. Questions?
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51. Outline
1. Recent development on site
management in China
2. Process management of site
remediation in Shanghai
3. Site Remediation by SAES: Case studies
4. Site Remediation Research in SAES
67. What We did for EXPO Site Remediation
Developed “Standard of Soil Quality Assessment
for Exhibition Sites”;
Recommended demolish guideline;
Investigated and monitored EXPO sites;
Developed master plan of soil remediation on
EXPO site;
Conducted soil remediation;
Carried out an after-care program.
70. Developed site sampling and monitoring
methods and demolish guideline
Using GPS
Deep sampling
Geostatistics
Demolish guideline to prevent new
pollution
72. Developed Standard of soil quality for exhibition
sites
The State EPA issued
“Standard of Soil Quality
Assessment for Exhibition
Sites” on June 15, 2007,
effective on August 1,
2007;
China has the first criteria
of soil quality assessment
for SITE.
104. Shanghai Forum for Revitalization of Contaminated Properties
Shanghai Forum for Revitalization of Contaminated Properties
June 23, 2009
The Sustainable Approach to
Environmental Remediation
Tao Wu
tao.wu@honeywell.com
105. Honeywell.com
Sustainability
• What does this really mean?
• Idea of “Sustainability” or “Sustainable
Development” from the UN’s 1987 Brundtland
Report:
– Environmental protection will not be sustained unless it is
coordinated with economic development
– Our natural resource base is finite, and we must re-think and
re-engineer development to preserve that resource base for
ourselves and future generations
– Communities/stakeholders should be deeply engaged in
environmental decisions to make the results sustainable
2 Honeywell Proprietary
106. Honeywell.com
Honeywell’s Sustainable Opportunities Policy:
By integrating health, safety and environmental
considerations into all aspects of our business ...
– We actively promote and develop opportunities for
expanding sustainable capacity by increasing fuel efficiency,
improving security and safety, and reducing emissions of
harmful pollutants.
– We identify, control and endeavor to reduce emissions,
waste and inefficient use of resources and energy.
– We are open with stakeholders and work within our
communities to advance laws, regulation and practices that
safeguard the public …
These are our commitments to health, safety, and the
environment, and to creating Sustainable Opportunity
everywhere we operate.
3 Honeywell Proprietary
107. Honeywell.com
Sustainable Development
• Redevelopment and/or reuse of contaminated
properties is the optimal way to make an
environmental remediation (remedy) sustainable.
• A sustainable remedy has the best opportunity for
satisfying stakeholders and communities.
• Sustainable remedies have highest likelihood of
success.
4 Honeywell Proprietary
108. Honeywell.com
Redevelopment and Reuse
• Why does redevelopment and reuse work?
– Links environmental protection and economic
development
– Preserves finite natural resources
– Involves affected stakeholders
• The new frontiers for the sustainability
– It’s the climate,
– Brown to green
– The urban planning approach
5 Honeywell Proprietary
109. Honeywell.com
Redevelopment and Reuse
• Case studies
– Syracuse, NY
– Baltimore Inner Harbor, MD
– Jersey City, NJ
6 Honeywell Proprietary
110. Honeywell.com
Syracuse, NY
Renewable Fuels
Town of
Town of
Van
Van Liverpoo
Buren Liverpoo
Buren ll
Honeywell Willow
T
To
To edd n of s
To edd n of s
ow To ed
G w lllu
Demonstration
G w u
wn ow d
wn es
wn es
Toami
n
To mil
Ca
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of n o es
of n o s
T ed
of
of
S
G
Sa ff
G
w de
all
iin
naa
Onondag
Onondag
a Lake
a Lake
Ninemile
Ninemile
Creek
Creek
k
ree
yC
Le
e cu s
s
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a
rra
Sy
Sy
NYS
Shrub Fairground
Willow Farm s West Flume
Carouse
l Mall
LCP
Geddes
Geddes Mathews
Brook
Brook Former Metro
Ave Main
Plant
7 Honeywell Proprietary
115. Honeywell.com
Syracuse, NY
Renewable Fuels Project Approach
• So, Linking
– Environmental & economic improvements
– Preserving & enhancing resources
– Deep engagement with affected community
– Climate
– Brown to Green
12 Honeywell Proprietary
121. Honeywell.com
Baltimore Inner Harbor, MD
• So, Linking
– Environmental & economic improvements
– Preserving & enhancing resources
– Deep engagement with affected community
– Brown to Green
18 Honeywell Proprietary
122. Honeywell.com
Jersey City, NJ
Project Location
19 Honeywell Proprietary
123. Honeywell.com
Jersey City, NJ
100 Acres Along The Hackensack River
20 Honeywell Proprietary
124. Honeywell.com
Jersey City, NJ
Connected to the rest of City through an
Proposed Layout Showing Green Space extension of the existing Light Rail
Walkway Along the Hackensack River
21 Honeywell Proprietary
125. Honeywell.com
Jersey City, NJ
• So, Linking
– Environmental & economic improvements
– Preserving & enhancing resources
– Deep engagement with affected community
– Brown to Green
– The urban planning approach
22 Honeywell Proprietary
126. Honeywell.com
Sustainability = Success
• Redevelopment and reuse is what will truly make an
environmental cleanup sustainable
– Resource conservation
– Coordinate Economic/Environmental development
– Working with impacted communities on clean up and end use
• Redevelopment and reuse encourage the kind of growth we
want and need for a sustainable future:
– Smart growth development that concentrates spaces to live, work, play and
commute, optimizes energy efficiency, and preserves open space
• Redevelopment and/or reuse should make the
sustainability link more explicit by encouraging renewable
energy, green buildings and brownfield area planning
• Sustainable remedies key to best lifecycle remedy: if it’s
sustainable, everyone will have a stake in making it work
for the long run
23 Honeywell Proprietary
127. Review of Contaminated Land
Environmental Liabilities in China
中国的污染场地的环境责任
Charles R. McElwee, II
cmcelwee@ssd.com
Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, LLP
美国翰宇律师事务所
Shanghai, China
SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY L.L.P.
128. General Proposition: Polluter pays
Environmental Protection Law (Article 41):
A unit that has caused an environmental
pollution hazard shall have the obligation to
eliminate it and make compensation to the unit
or individual that suffered direct losses.
SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY L.L.P.
130. On-Site Contamination
• Very few provisions of Chinese law address
responsibility for investigation or
remediation of on-site contamination.
• Those that do generally only impose
obligations when the ownership/control or
use of property changes.
SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY L.L.P.
132. Regulation on Discarded Hazardous
Chemicals (effective 2005/10/01)
Article 14: "In case any entity that undertakes the
production, storage or use of hazardous chemicals
changes its line of production, stops production,
stop business operation or dissolves, it shall . . . in
light of the relevant state standards and criterions
on environmental protection, test the soil and
underground water around the factory, compile
environmental risk assessment report, and report
its findings to the relevant EPB."
SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY L.L.P.
134. Notice on Duly Carrying Out the Work Associated With the
Prevention and Treatment of Environmental Pollution During
Enterprise Relocation (2004/06/01)
• Enterprises & Laboratories that produce
hazardous waste cease production or nature
of operations changes:
– Arrange for soil sampling
– Responsible for controlling & rehabilitating the
usage and function of soil
SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY L.L.P.
136. Solid Waste Law (Article 35)
• If a unit where industrial solid waste is generated need to be terminated, it
shall, in advance, take measures to prevent and control pollution from the
facilities and grounds for storage or treatment of industrial solid waste and
make proper arrangements in respect of the untreated industrial solid waste to
prevent environmental pollution.
• Where the parties before the change is made have agreed otherwise in respect
of their responsibilities for prevention and control of pollution by industrial
solid waste and by the facilities and grounds for its storage and treatment, their
agreement shall prevail; but they shall not thus be relieved of their duty to
prevent and control pollution.
• The expenses for safe treatment of the industrial solid waste that has been left
untreated by the unit terminated before implementation of this Law and for
safe treatment of the facilities and grounds for storage or treatment of such
waste shall be borne by the people's government concerned; but if the land use
right enjoyed by such unit has been transferred according to law, the said
expenses shall be borne by the transferee of the said right. If the parties have
agreed otherwise, their agreement shall prevail; but they shall not thus be
relieved of their duty to prevent and control pollution.
SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY L.L.P.
142. Administrative
• Probably won’t be asked to clean up until
one of regulations above triggered or off-
site migration is beginning to present
problems for adjacent property owners.
SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY L.L.P.
146. Buyer’s Options at Transfer
Option Benefits Disadvantages
Establish fund paid Assures a certain sum will be Difficult to agree upon the
for by seller to pay for available for any future clean- size of fund and scope of
future liabilities up obligations coverage
Negotiate reduction in Assures that a quantifiable May be difficult to
purchase price to benefit has been obtained to negotiate a meaningful
cover future liabilities offset any future clean-up reduction
obligations
Negotiation with Defines risk more accurately May be difficult to
government to define negotiate, and enforce
liability going forward understanding with
government
Ask seller to clean up Eliminates liability; may be May be difficult to
sites as condition of suitable for small scale manage, and will delay
sale problems solvable with close of deal
“excavation”
SQUIRE, SANDERS & DEMPSEY L.L.P.
149. REMEDIATION Summer 2009
Sustainable Remediation White
Paper—Integrating Sustainable Principles,
Practices, and Metrics Into Remediation
Projects
David E. Ellis
Paul W. Hadley
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The remediation industry was born in the late 1970s, following a steady stream of highly
publicized discoveries of toxic chemicals in landfills, drinking water, and even
neighborhoods. The government responded to these discoveries of environmental
contamination. Environmental laws were passed at the state and national level, and
programs were created within environmental regulatory agencies to oversee and
sometimes fund the cleanups. Industry and consultants kept pace by hiring staff, building
programs, and initiating cleanups. The remediation industry was off at a sprint before it
had learned to crawl.
With the public demand for swift and sometimes immediate cleanups, responsible
parties and the remediation industry invested heavily in energy-intensive engineered
projects, such as groundwater pump-and-treat systems, soil excavation and off-site
disposal, incineration, and thermal treatment. The public’s attitude was that no cleanup
could be initiated soon enough or implemented fast enough.
While such energy-intensive remediation systems are well intended, they generally
have not achieved acceptable cleanup levels (National Research Council [NRC], 2005).
These energy-intensive engineered remedies frequently cannot overcome the basic
technical limitations encountered when recovering contaminants from the environment
once the contaminants are widespread and dilute. As a result, most engineered
groundwater remediation systems reach a certain concentration and go no further
regardless of the energy expended. The concentration that can be reached is often far
higher than the cleanup level.
Within the last ten years, a growing body of information suggests that global climate
change can be correlated with fossil fuel use and carbon dioxide releases into the
atmosphere. As members of the broader environmental industry, remediation experts are
well aware of this concern and have firsthand knowledge of the potential contribution of
energy-intensive remediation systems to global climate change. For example, at one
remediation project in New Jersey, it was estimated that the difference between two
proposed remedies could be as high as 2 percent of the annual greenhouse gas emissions
c 2009 U.S. Sustainable Remediation Forum
Published online in Wiley Interscience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI: 10.1002/rem.20210 5