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Sustainable Neighborhood Design
- 1. Sustainable Neighborhood Design Criteriafor Afghan Cities Osama HIDAYAT 24 May 2016
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- 3. Necessity of Research Dysfunctional pattern of urban growth; Increasing pollution and cost of land and resources. Jaada-e-Maiwand (Source: Noori, 2009)
- 4. Chronological Timeline ARG (PresidentialPalace) built in 1880 by king Abdur Rahman Khan in capital Kabul. Ambitus urban programmes of modernization were launched in major cities. The deepening conflict between the soviet- supported government and Mujahidin factions impact on urban development Focused on the spatial development of the city, including new capital in Darulaman Modernization and urban development efforts continued, including ministry buildings and public facilities. 1880 1920 1950 1970 1985 2016 Kabul New City Master plan
- 5. Research Question whatmight constitute a sustainable neighborhood or community. How can we define sustainability principles and criteria in neighborhoods for various periods of time and different spatial circumstances?
- 6. Current Problems TheDispersal of Population and Activities Centralization of Services and Facilities Desire line of year 2008 over existing urban areas in Kabul city
- 7. Internally Displaced People(IDP’s) and Squatter Settlements Kabul City squatter settlement updated 06/2013, 63 Settlements mapped. Source: IMMAP/USAID, Kabul.
- 8. Improving Current LandUse Trends Development Density • Less land is required for development, • The potential to use energy more efficiently. Accessibility to Public Transport • Reduce reliance on car. Provision Local Employment, Services and Facilities Work 21% School 20% Business 4%Private 7% Home 48% Trip Composition by Purpose Source: JICA- KMA Report 2008
- 9. Administration and Management Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment Standard • Evaluate and rate the performance of a given neighborhood; • Specify the extent of the neighborhood’s success in approaching sustainability goals. Enlist public participation regularly in decision making
- 10. Design Guidelines forNeighborhood Sustainability Land Use Conservation Energy Use and Conservation Walkability and Cycling Network
- 11. Land Use Conservation Different choices of housing; • Reduce dwelling lot size; • Neighborhood variations Include mix-use area; Street pattern and type. Land use plan for the proposed neighborhood
- 12. Passive Architectural Strategies forEnergy Use and Conservation In sustainable development, the built environment should be designed in response to the site microclimatic conditions; Some aspects of importance that need to be considered in the planning process
- 13. Sun Considering andincorporating the effects of the sun on buildings into a design may reduce energy consumption by as much as 30% (Brooks 1988). Developing the Passive House Standards (PHS) that provides sustainable solutions to energy needs can be a good starting point. Psychrometric chart showing daily temperature ranges per year in Kabul. The range indicates that passive solar heating is the most effective climate responsive design strategy Source: IHFD, Feasibility study for a housing complex in Kabul. 2012 Passive Solar Heating Thermal Mass Effects Natural Ventilation Direct Evaporative Cooling
- 14. Thermal Insulation ofBuildings Indoor temperature hours with internal gains in Kabul Source: IHFD, Feasibility study for a housing complex in Kabul. 2012 Install shading devices and employ night ventilation Can drop the indoor temperature by 3-4 Co Use better glazing windows to maximize the use of solar gain.
- 15. Wind Wind directionis another element that must be integrated into neighborhood design. Wind direction over the entire year Source: IHFD, Feasibility study for a housing complex in Kabul. 2012 Streets should be gently curving and houses should be closer to street’s edge, Setback should vary slightly from house to house to avoid aligning front facades
- 16. Walkability & CyclingNetwork The key motivation behind this interest is that travel by non- motorized modes constitutes an environmentally sustainable and a physically active transportation choice; Walk 33% Bike 11%Microbus 18% Minibus 6% Large Bus 14% Taxi 12% Car 4% Truck 2% Trip Composition by Main Transport Mode Source: JICA- KMA Report 2008
- 17. Commercial and Civicamenities can be placed in close proximity to each other to foster walkability A Offices above stores B Apartments above stores C Shopping strip D Homes Walkable Neighborhood
- 18. Conceptual Movement structurealong with cycling route Movement Structure (Appendix)
- 19. Preliminary Findings Characteristic TraditionalNeighborhood Design Sustainable Neighborhood Design Land-use diversity Single use: predominantly residential, with designated areas of clustered retail; segregated use base Integrated mix-use: neighborhood based with integrated residential, retail, commercial and institutional Street pattern & type Straight-linear and hierarchical; Traffic dispersed Inter-connected network; flatter hierarchy of types; Traffic dispersed Residential lot size and housing density Average lot size: 600m2 Typical density: 11 lots/ha Average lot size: 500m2 Typical density: 14 lot/ha Dominant retail type Regional, serving shopping centers, chai stores Neighborhood, serving Independent retailers Dominant planning Create comfortable housing Create community; affordable housing; jobs containment Comparison of design for Kabul: Traditional vs Sustainable neighborhoods
- 20. Conclusion The microclimateconsideration in buildings and preserving green spaces in neighborhoods are making our cities more energy efficient; Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment needs to be customized for being applied to Afghan cities; Promoting mon-motorized modes of transport means lower emission and lower emission can mean cleaner environment; adopting the recommendations systematically will be a significant long-term resource, bring monetary savings, and preserve the historical and cultural heritage of cities.
- 21. Thank you fromyour attention