This document provides an overview of sustainable agriculture. It discusses how sustainable agriculture considers the environmental, social and economic dimensions of food production. The three main dimensions are protecting the environment, ensuring social well-being, and having an economically productive system. It provides examples of issues within each dimension like climate change, water scarcity, land use, pest management, and economic and social aspects. The intention is to give an easy understanding of sustainable agriculture and showcase business case studies that demonstrate success stories.
The document discusses opportunities and solutions for sustainable food production to meet rising global demand. It proposes the following post-2015 goals: 1) Increase global food supply by 70-100% through higher productivity and less waste, 2) Eradicate hunger and malnutrition by 2030, and 3) Make agriculture more environmentally sustainable and resource efficient. Achieving these will require agro-ecological intensification through improved varieties, agronomic practices, and technologies to increase smallholder incomes and efficiency of inputs like water and fertilizer. Early solutions proposed include closing yield gaps, agronomic innovations, increasing mechanization, and technologies to save energy, water and labor.
Presentation by Prof. Dr. Chinwe IFEJIKA SPERANZA. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
This document provides summaries of three FAO success stories implementing climate-smart agriculture in different regions. In Tanzania, an agroforestry system covering 120,000 hectares on Mount Kilimanjaro's slopes was preserved through introducing coffee and vanilla cash crops and trout aquaculture to increase incomes while maintaining the ecological integrity of the system. In China, a project in Qinghai province aims to restore degraded grasslands through sustainable grazing management to sequester carbon, increase productivity, and improve livelihoods for herding communities.
Climate-smart food systems
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Presentation on success stories and challenges ahead to make global agriculture more climate smart. Brownbag presentation in the WorldBank on 15th May by Andy Jarvis from the CCAFS program of the CGIAR.
The document presents on the topic of global food sustainability. It discusses major threats like hunger and food wastage. The goal is achieving global food sustainability through food quality, safety, and environmental security. It proposes ways to achieve sustainability like efficiency oriented practices, demand restraint, and food system transformation with a change in mindset. This involves increasing productivity, reducing carbon footprint, empowering farmers, and increasing consumption of locally available food through various farming techniques.
The conference on Food Safety and Nutrition in 2050 – organised by Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission – provided an opportunity for dialogue among global stakeholders on the emerging challenges to the food chain and the role of future policy-making in addressing those challenges.
The conference also provided the opportunity to foster a dialogue on consumers' expectations for safe, nutritious, quality and sustainable food and the role of food science, technology and innovation in achieving them. Held on 17 July 2015 in Milan, Italy.
The document discusses opportunities and solutions for sustainable food production to meet rising global demand. It proposes the following post-2015 goals: 1) Increase global food supply by 70-100% through higher productivity and less waste, 2) Eradicate hunger and malnutrition by 2030, and 3) Make agriculture more environmentally sustainable and resource efficient. Achieving these will require agro-ecological intensification through improved varieties, agronomic practices, and technologies to increase smallholder incomes and efficiency of inputs like water and fertilizer. Early solutions proposed include closing yield gaps, agronomic innovations, increasing mechanization, and technologies to save energy, water and labor.
Presentation by Prof. Dr. Chinwe IFEJIKA SPERANZA. Presented during a pre - SBSTA meeting on CSA Alliance: Building Climate Change Resilience in Africa held on 30th May 2014 in Bonn, Germany http://ccafs.cgiar.org/csa-alliance-building-climate-change-resilience-africa#.U42GUihCCTs
This document provides summaries of three FAO success stories implementing climate-smart agriculture in different regions. In Tanzania, an agroforestry system covering 120,000 hectares on Mount Kilimanjaro's slopes was preserved through introducing coffee and vanilla cash crops and trout aquaculture to increase incomes while maintaining the ecological integrity of the system. In China, a project in Qinghai province aims to restore degraded grasslands through sustainable grazing management to sequester carbon, increase productivity, and improve livelihoods for herding communities.
Climate-smart food systems
Presentation by Sonja Vermeulen at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
Presentation on success stories and challenges ahead to make global agriculture more climate smart. Brownbag presentation in the WorldBank on 15th May by Andy Jarvis from the CCAFS program of the CGIAR.
The document presents on the topic of global food sustainability. It discusses major threats like hunger and food wastage. The goal is achieving global food sustainability through food quality, safety, and environmental security. It proposes ways to achieve sustainability like efficiency oriented practices, demand restraint, and food system transformation with a change in mindset. This involves increasing productivity, reducing carbon footprint, empowering farmers, and increasing consumption of locally available food through various farming techniques.
The conference on Food Safety and Nutrition in 2050 – organised by Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission – provided an opportunity for dialogue among global stakeholders on the emerging challenges to the food chain and the role of future policy-making in addressing those challenges.
The conference also provided the opportunity to foster a dialogue on consumers' expectations for safe, nutritious, quality and sustainable food and the role of food science, technology and innovation in achieving them. Held on 17 July 2015 in Milan, Italy.
The document summarizes the strategy of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) for 2014-2020. The strategy aims to promote eco-efficient agriculture through developing high-yielding and resilient crop varieties, improving soil and landscape management, enhancing food and nutrition security, and fostering climate-smart and sustainable agricultural practices. CIAT will pursue these goals through research on priority crops like bean, cassava, forages and rice, as well as cross-cutting initiatives on livestock, food systems, and ecosystem health. The strategy seeks to enhance the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in tropical regions facing challenges like population growth, climate change, and land degradation.
CIAT’s Partnership with Germany: Reducing hunger and poverty while lessening ...CIAT
CIAT works through partnerships to mobilize high-quality scientific expertise for global efforts to reduce hunger and poverty, while also curbing environmental degradation and addressing climate change. In keeping with Germany’s strategy to achieve this end by promoting sustainable agriculture, CIAT works with a wide range of partners, including Germany’s government and institutions, to develop technologies, methods, and knowledge that offer more for people while taking less from the land.
This document summarizes a presentation on steps to climate-smart agriculture given at the Global Science Conference in Wageningen, Netherlands in October 2011. It outlines the global challenges of food security, adaptation to climate change, and reducing agriculture's ecological footprint. It defines climate-smart agriculture as having food security, adaptation, and mitigation benefits. Key steps proposed include developing a UNFCCC work program on agriculture, implementing proven technologies and practices, major investments in learning-by-doing, and realigning research agendas to focus on decision tools, climate risk management, multi-benefit systems, and pro-poor mitigation options.
Presentation by Pramod Aggarwal at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
CGIAR and Climate-Smart Agriculture
The document discusses the importance of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in addressing climate change impacts. CSA aims to increase agricultural productivity and incomes, enhance resilience of food systems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Significant CSA successes highlighted include China paying farmers to plant trees which sequestered over 700,000 tons of carbon, and coffee-banana agroforestry systems in Africa increasing smallholder incomes by over 50% while providing climate mitigation. The document argues spreading agroforestry across Africa could boost food production, sequester billions of tons of carbon annually, and improve resilience for over 140 million people. Direct agricultural emissions vary widely by region and sector. CSA offers
This document discusses factors contributing to sustainable food production and processing in the European Union. It describes the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) which aims to support viable food production, sustainable natural resource management, and balanced rural development. The CAP is being reformed to address issues like food security and climate change. Sustainable agriculture practices like integrated pest management and soil conservation are outlined. Sustainable fishing and aquaculture methods are also discussed, along with their environmental impacts and how the EU is working to reduce discards and protect endangered stocks.
This document discusses knowledge management in Indian agriculture. It notes that over 80% of Indians depend on agriculture and knowledge transfer plays an important role in growth. It describes the major organizations involved in agricultural knowledge - public sector bodies like ICAR, state universities, private companies, and NGOs. Public sector focuses on increasing productivity through research, education, and extension. Private sector focuses on commercial goals and products. NGOs focus on dissemination, documentation, and local knowledge. Climate-smart agriculture is presented as key to ensuring food security amidst population growth and climate change.
This document outlines Helmy Abouleish's presentation on SEKEM, an Egyptian sustainable development organization. It discusses SEKEM's 36 years of transforming desert land into fertile fields using biodynamic and ecological practices. A comparative study is presented that analyzes the full costs of conventional versus sustainable farming for 7 Egyptian crops over 10 years, finding sustainability to be less expensive when accounting for externalities like water and carbon usage. The document promotes SEKEM's holistic approach to sustainable development through integrated value chains and community education programs.
The document discusses sustainable agriculture and sustainable habitats. It defines sustainable agriculture as farming using ecological principles that can last over the long term. A sustainable habitat is an ecosystem that provides food and shelter without resource depletion or external waste production, allowing it to continue indefinitely. The document also discusses how buildings account for most global energy demand and how energy-efficient designs can significantly reduce consumption.
Suvi Virtanen: Transformation of Food System for Better HealthTHL
Suvi Virtanen, Research Professor, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, at Europe That Protects - Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health EU side event, 3-4 Dec 2019, THL, Helsinki
Climate-smart agriculture: panacea or propaganda? CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Todd Rosenstock & Christine Lamanna was given at a session titled "Using climate-smart technologies to scale up climate-smart agriculture practices" at the Global Landscapes Forum in Lima, Peru, on December 7, 2014.
The panel presentation and discussion focused on how these climate-smart technologies can be scaled-up to benefit smallholder farmers. This was followed by a public debate.
Sustainable Agriculture And Environmental Protection Usda Weri Nri UnChristina Parmionova
The Brundtland Commission, formally the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), known by the name of its Chair Gro Harlem Brundtland, was convened by the United Nations in 1983. The commission was created to address growing concern "about the accelerating deterioration of the human environment and natural resources and the consequences of that deterioration for economic and social development." In establishing the commission, the UN General Assembly recognized that environmental problems were global in nature and determined that it was in the common interest of all nations to establish policies for sustainable development.
Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.
By Bruce Campbell, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. Presented on 25 October 2013 at the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences (SLU). Watch the recording at http://youtu.be/krBoz2uLUV8
Date: November 10, 2016
Time: 16:10-17:30
Host: Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD)
Title of the Session: Lessons Learned for Climate Smart Livestock and Food Crop Intensification Systems
Speaker: Lini Wollenberg
Location: Indonesia pavilion at COP22
Action Area 3: Progress on the three Climate-Smart Agriculture pillars toward...CGIAR
Presented by Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), at the World Business Council For Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy Meeting, Montreux, Switzerland on 29 March, 2017.
The document discusses the history and principles of sustainable agriculture. It notes that after World War II, agriculture became more specialized, mechanized, and reliant on chemicals, allowing fewer farmers to produce more food. Recently, there has been a movement for more sustainable practices that consider environmental and social impacts. Sustainable agriculture aims to balance environmental health, economic viability, and social equity. It involves practices tailored to each location that enhance soil and diversify crops and animals.
This module discusses technology in food processing and its role in addressing sustainability issues in the global food system. It covers how food processing extends shelf life through methods like canning, pickling, and fermentation. Meat substitutes created from plants are also discussed as a way to reduce the environmental impact of meat consumption. While processed foods are often criticized, food technology has played an important role in human development and survival. The module advocates for using food processing methods to incorporate more preserved foods into diets as a potential solution to problems in the global food system.
The document summarizes the strategy of the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) for 2014-2020. The strategy aims to promote eco-efficient agriculture through developing high-yielding and resilient crop varieties, improving soil and landscape management, enhancing food and nutrition security, and fostering climate-smart and sustainable agricultural practices. CIAT will pursue these goals through research on priority crops like bean, cassava, forages and rice, as well as cross-cutting initiatives on livestock, food systems, and ecosystem health. The strategy seeks to enhance the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers in tropical regions facing challenges like population growth, climate change, and land degradation.
CIAT’s Partnership with Germany: Reducing hunger and poverty while lessening ...CIAT
CIAT works through partnerships to mobilize high-quality scientific expertise for global efforts to reduce hunger and poverty, while also curbing environmental degradation and addressing climate change. In keeping with Germany’s strategy to achieve this end by promoting sustainable agriculture, CIAT works with a wide range of partners, including Germany’s government and institutions, to develop technologies, methods, and knowledge that offer more for people while taking less from the land.
This document summarizes a presentation on steps to climate-smart agriculture given at the Global Science Conference in Wageningen, Netherlands in October 2011. It outlines the global challenges of food security, adaptation to climate change, and reducing agriculture's ecological footprint. It defines climate-smart agriculture as having food security, adaptation, and mitigation benefits. Key steps proposed include developing a UNFCCC work program on agriculture, implementing proven technologies and practices, major investments in learning-by-doing, and realigning research agendas to focus on decision tools, climate risk management, multi-benefit systems, and pro-poor mitigation options.
Presentation by Pramod Aggarwal at the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpellier.
Read more: http://ccafs.cgiar.org/3rd-global-science-conference-%E2%80%9Cclimate-smart-agriculture-2015%E2%80%9D#.VRurLUesXX4
CGIAR and Climate-Smart Agriculture
The document discusses the importance of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in addressing climate change impacts. CSA aims to increase agricultural productivity and incomes, enhance resilience of food systems and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Significant CSA successes highlighted include China paying farmers to plant trees which sequestered over 700,000 tons of carbon, and coffee-banana agroforestry systems in Africa increasing smallholder incomes by over 50% while providing climate mitigation. The document argues spreading agroforestry across Africa could boost food production, sequester billions of tons of carbon annually, and improve resilience for over 140 million people. Direct agricultural emissions vary widely by region and sector. CSA offers
This document discusses factors contributing to sustainable food production and processing in the European Union. It describes the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) which aims to support viable food production, sustainable natural resource management, and balanced rural development. The CAP is being reformed to address issues like food security and climate change. Sustainable agriculture practices like integrated pest management and soil conservation are outlined. Sustainable fishing and aquaculture methods are also discussed, along with their environmental impacts and how the EU is working to reduce discards and protect endangered stocks.
This document discusses knowledge management in Indian agriculture. It notes that over 80% of Indians depend on agriculture and knowledge transfer plays an important role in growth. It describes the major organizations involved in agricultural knowledge - public sector bodies like ICAR, state universities, private companies, and NGOs. Public sector focuses on increasing productivity through research, education, and extension. Private sector focuses on commercial goals and products. NGOs focus on dissemination, documentation, and local knowledge. Climate-smart agriculture is presented as key to ensuring food security amidst population growth and climate change.
This document outlines Helmy Abouleish's presentation on SEKEM, an Egyptian sustainable development organization. It discusses SEKEM's 36 years of transforming desert land into fertile fields using biodynamic and ecological practices. A comparative study is presented that analyzes the full costs of conventional versus sustainable farming for 7 Egyptian crops over 10 years, finding sustainability to be less expensive when accounting for externalities like water and carbon usage. The document promotes SEKEM's holistic approach to sustainable development through integrated value chains and community education programs.
The document discusses sustainable agriculture and sustainable habitats. It defines sustainable agriculture as farming using ecological principles that can last over the long term. A sustainable habitat is an ecosystem that provides food and shelter without resource depletion or external waste production, allowing it to continue indefinitely. The document also discusses how buildings account for most global energy demand and how energy-efficient designs can significantly reduce consumption.
Suvi Virtanen: Transformation of Food System for Better HealthTHL
Suvi Virtanen, Research Professor, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, at Europe That Protects - Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health EU side event, 3-4 Dec 2019, THL, Helsinki
Climate-smart agriculture: panacea or propaganda? CIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Todd Rosenstock & Christine Lamanna was given at a session titled "Using climate-smart technologies to scale up climate-smart agriculture practices" at the Global Landscapes Forum in Lima, Peru, on December 7, 2014.
The panel presentation and discussion focused on how these climate-smart technologies can be scaled-up to benefit smallholder farmers. This was followed by a public debate.
Sustainable Agriculture And Environmental Protection Usda Weri Nri UnChristina Parmionova
The Brundtland Commission, formally the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), known by the name of its Chair Gro Harlem Brundtland, was convened by the United Nations in 1983. The commission was created to address growing concern "about the accelerating deterioration of the human environment and natural resources and the consequences of that deterioration for economic and social development." In establishing the commission, the UN General Assembly recognized that environmental problems were global in nature and determined that it was in the common interest of all nations to establish policies for sustainable development.
Agriculture in developing countries must undergo a significant transformation in order to meet the related challenges of achieving food security and responding to climate change. Projections based on population growth and food consumption patterns indicate that agricultural production will need to increase by at least 70 percent to meet demands by 2050. Most estimates also indicate that climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, production stability and incomes in some areas that already have high levels of food insecurity. Developing climate-smart agriculture is thus crucial to achieving future food security and climate change goals. This seminar describe an approach to deal with the above issue viz. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) and also examines some of the key technical, institutional, policy and financial responses required to achieve this transformation. Building on cases from the field, the seminar try to outlines a range of practices, approaches and tools aimed at increase the resilience and productivity of agricultural product systems, while also reducing and removing emissions. A part of the seminar elaborates institutional and policy options available to promote the transition to climate-smart agriculture at the smallholder level. Finally, the paper considers current gaps and makes innovative suggestion regarding the combined use of different sources, financing mechanism and delivery systems.
By Bruce Campbell, Director, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security. Presented on 25 October 2013 at the Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences (SLU). Watch the recording at http://youtu.be/krBoz2uLUV8
Date: November 10, 2016
Time: 16:10-17:30
Host: Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD)
Title of the Session: Lessons Learned for Climate Smart Livestock and Food Crop Intensification Systems
Speaker: Lini Wollenberg
Location: Indonesia pavilion at COP22
Action Area 3: Progress on the three Climate-Smart Agriculture pillars toward...CGIAR
Presented by Sonja Vermeulen, Head of Research, CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), at the World Business Council For Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Climate-Smart Agriculture Strategy Meeting, Montreux, Switzerland on 29 March, 2017.
The document discusses the history and principles of sustainable agriculture. It notes that after World War II, agriculture became more specialized, mechanized, and reliant on chemicals, allowing fewer farmers to produce more food. Recently, there has been a movement for more sustainable practices that consider environmental and social impacts. Sustainable agriculture aims to balance environmental health, economic viability, and social equity. It involves practices tailored to each location that enhance soil and diversify crops and animals.
This module discusses technology in food processing and its role in addressing sustainability issues in the global food system. It covers how food processing extends shelf life through methods like canning, pickling, and fermentation. Meat substitutes created from plants are also discussed as a way to reduce the environmental impact of meat consumption. While processed foods are often criticized, food technology has played an important role in human development and survival. The module advocates for using food processing methods to incorporate more preserved foods into diets as a potential solution to problems in the global food system.
This module discusses technology in food processing and its role in addressing sustainability issues in the global food system. It covers how food processing extends shelf life through methods like canning, pickling, and fermentation. Meat substitutes created from plants are also discussed as a way to reduce the environmental impact of meat consumption. While processed foods are often criticized, food technology has played an important role in human development and survival. The module advocates for using food processing methods to incorporate more preserved foods into diets as a potential solution to problems in the global food system.
This module discusses technology in food processing and its role in addressing sustainability issues in the global food system. It covers how food processing extends shelf life through methods like canning, pickling, and fermentation. Meat substitutes created from plants are also discussed as a way to reduce the environmental impact of meat consumption. While processed foods are often criticized, food technology has played an important role in human development and survival. The module advocates for using food processing methods to incorporate more preserved foods into diets as a potential solution to problems in the global food system.
The document discusses 5 important elements of sustainable agriculture:
1) Protecting water quality and supply by keeping contaminants out of water sources and carefully managing consumption.
2) Sustainable land use that maintains wildlife habitats and biodiversity to support pest management and ecosystem health.
3) Transitioning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind to reduce dependence on finite fossil fuels and climate impacts.
4) Selecting suitable crop varieties and livestock, and diversifying production to ensure long-term agricultural success while protecting the environment.
5) Establishing equitable labor practices and developing rural communities to mitigate social and economic costs of agriculture.
The document discusses the challenges facing global agriculture and the need for more sustainable practices. It notes increasing pressures like population growth, water scarcity, and climate change. While some progress has been made in reducing UK greenhouse gas emissions, more action is needed to achieve sustainability goals. The agriculture and food industries must balance producing more food with finite natural resources. Metrics and reporting around sustainability need to improve to better manage impacts on the environment, economy, and society. Moving forward, businesses should integrate sustainable thinking across all operations and demonstrate these practices to stakeholders.
Harnessing Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Approaches for Improved Resilience2020resilience
1) The document discusses ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) approaches for improving resilience in Africa and implications for policy.
2) It provides examples from Mozambique, Togo, and Burkina Faso that demonstrate how relatively small investments in ecosystem rehabilitation can significantly increase water access, food security, and livelihood opportunities.
3) The author argues that current food security policies focus too much on agricultural productivity and trade while neglecting the central role of ecosystem management. Effective policies should value ecosystems as productive assets and invest in ecosystem restoration to maintain the supply of wild foods and income sources.
The document provides an overview of AmulFed Dairy's sustainability efforts in 2021-22. Some key points:
- AmulFed Dairy aims to reduce specific carbon emissions by 35%, ground water drawl by 50%, and chemical consumption by 20% by 2030.
- In 2021-22, AmulFed Dairy saw increases in milk receipt, milk and buttermilk packing, milk powder production, UHT products, ice cream production, and butter production compared to the previous year.
- AmulFed Dairy's sustainability efforts focus on responsible sourcing, responsible operations, social engagement, customer support, and business competitiveness. Material issues are prioritized through a materiality matrix.
The document summarizes discussions from a two-day event on food system transformation held alongside the SUN Global Gathering in Kathmandu, Nepal. On the first day, 14 farmers from several countries discussed challenges they face in producing nutritious food sustainably, including overuse of pesticides/fertilizers, water scarcity, and lack of youth interest in agriculture. They said farmers need fair prices, markets, and eco-friendly inputs from companies to contribute to solutions. The second day involved companies discussing how to work with farmers to address the issues, focusing on empowering women farmers through training and negotiating skills.
Lecture given on February 17 2011 to Birbeck College, University of London MSc class as part of the corporate responsibility module. Focus on drivers, risks and actions around sustainable agriculture and water world-wide.
WorldFish provides a summary of their organization and strategic vision to advance sustainable development through aquatic food systems research by 2030. Their mission is to end hunger and advance sustainability through science and innovation to transform food, land, and water systems with aquatic foods. They have a global presence conducting multidisciplinary research on aquatic foods in partnership with stakeholders from various sectors. Their 10-year strategy focuses on priorities like climate resilience, social inclusion, and nutrition to maximize the potential of aquatic foods through an innovation ecosystem approach.
Value Chain Analysis for Sustainable Rural Development
by: Ivan Idrovo and Marian Boquiren.
Contracted by: GIZ-Department of Agriculture-NCI-Philippines
Renewable Energy and Agriculture: A Partnership for Sustainable DevelopmentIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTARCT: Agriculture is the sole provider of human food. Most farms machines are driven by fossil fuels, which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and in turn, accelerate climate change. Such environmental damage can be mitigated by the promotion of renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, biomass, small hydro, and biofuels. These renewable resources have a huge potential for agriculture industry. The concept of sustainable agriculture lies on a delicate balance of maximizing crop productivity and maintaining economic stability, while minimizing the utilization of finite natural resources and detrimental environmental impacts. Sustainable agriculture also depends on replenishing the soil while minimizing the use of non-renewable resources, such as natural gas, which is used in converting atmospheric nitrogen into synthetic fertilizer and mineral ores, e.g phosphate or fossil fuel used in diesel generator for water pumping for irrigation.Hence, there is a need for promoting use of renewable energy systems for sustainable agriculture e.g solar photovoltaic water pumps and electricity, greenhouse technologies, solar dryers for post harvest processing and solar hot water heaters. In remote agricultural lands, the underground submersible solar photovoltaic water pump is economically viable and also an environmentally friendly option as compared with a diesel generator set. This article details the role of renewable energy in farming by connecting all aspects of environment, societal change and ecology
India smart farming of ofsp for food, bioplastics, biofuel, shf income, econo...Tim Maurer
Cross-cutting India project to address smallholder farmer incomes, malnutrition and starvation, bioplastics and biofuels -- and begin to create a value chain and economic ecosystem.
The document discusses trends in agriculture that have led to unsustainable practices and their negative environmental and human impacts. It defines sustainable agriculture as a system that can produce food indefinitely without causing irreversible environmental damage. Traditional and modern methods are outlined, such as crop rotation and integrated pest management. While no strict rules exist, organic standards provide similarities though sustainability does not exclude all synthetic inputs. Barriers to sustainable development include high costs and political resistance despite economic incentives.
This dissertation examines whether computer programmers exhibit enhanced executive control, as seen in bilinguals. The author conducted two executive function tasks with 10 professional and 10 adolescent programmers, compared to monolingual controls. In the Attention Networks Test, programmers had significantly faster reaction times, supporting the hypothesis. In the Stroop task, programmers were slower but not significantly so. Overall, the results provide preliminary evidence that programming experience may enhance executive control, as with bilingualism, warranting future research.
Soil degradation is a serious threat to developing country food security by 2020. According to recent global studies, agricultural soil quality has declined substantially in 16% of developing world cropland, with almost 75% of Central American and 20% of African agricultural land being seriously degraded. Soil degradation is estimated to have reduced crop yields by 13% over the past 50 years and pastoral land yields by 4%. It also diminishes agricultural income and economic growth, with estimates of annual losses ranging from under 1% to over 9% of agricultural GDP in various countries. Soil degradation is projected to most severely impact food production and incomes in densely populated marginal lands in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia if not adequately addressed through policies and investments
Soil is a complex mixture of inorganic materials, living organisms, and dead organic matter that sustains physical, chemical, and biological functions to support plant and animal life. Soils form through physical and chemical weathering of rocks and biological processes. Soil characteristics include physical composition, pore content, permeability, organic material, temperature, mineral content, and water content. Soil can be degraded through erosion, acidification, salinization, compaction, and pollution from various natural and human-caused sources. Actions must be taken to assess, isolate, and eliminate soil pollution to prevent further environmental damage.
Land degradation and soil erosion are major global problems. Approximately 5 billion hectares of land, or 43% of the Earth's vegetated surface, is degraded with reduced productivity. Overgrazing accounts for about one-third of degraded land, while 3.6 billion hectares are associated with desertification. A major cause is overgrazing, while 0.5 billion hectares have been degraded due to tree felling in humid tropics. Soil degradation is responsible for about 2 billion hectares of degraded land, with 85% caused by wind and water erosion which involves raindrop detachment of soil particles, transport by overland water flow or runoff, and deposition in other areas.
This document provides a summary of a report on addressing soil degradation in European Union agriculture. It discusses relevant soil degradation processes, soil conservation practices, and related policies. The key soil degradation processes addressed are erosion, organic carbon decline, compaction, salinization, contamination, and effects on biodiversity. Conservation practices discussed include conservation agriculture, organic farming, ridge tillage, contour farming, and others. The regulatory environment and policy instruments related to soil protection under the Common Agricultural Policy and environmental legislation are also analyzed. The document aims to provide an overview of the current situation regarding soil degradation and conservation in EU agriculture.
Europe’s environment the third assessment soil degradationMichael Newbold
The document discusses soil degradation across Europe. It states that in many parts of Europe, soil is being irreversibly lost and degraded due to increasing demands from various economic sectors. Some key causes of degradation mentioned include unsustainable agricultural practices, soil sealing, erosion, contamination, acidification, salinization and compaction. The severity and distribution of degradation issues varies significantly across different regions of Europe based on factors like climate, geology, and human activities. Better integration of soil protection into sectoral policies is needed to promote more sustainable use of this limited resource.
1) Soil degradation refers to processes that reduce a soil's ability to produce goods and services for current and future generations. It occurs when inappropriate land use practices are adopted, such as deforestation, overgrazing, or unsustainable agricultural practices.
2) Agricultural activities can cause physical, chemical, and biological degradation through practices like excessive tillage, improper fertilizer and pesticide use, lack of crop rotations, and burning of crop residues. This leads to reduced soil organic matter, compaction, erosion, salinization, and loss of biodiversity.
3) The consequences of soil degradation include substantial reductions in agricultural productivity, yields, and farmers' livelihoods, as well as negative downstream impacts
Soil degradation occurs through two main processes: erosion by water and wind, which removes solid material; and leaching, which removes soluble matter. Erosion involves mobilization, transport, and deposition of solids, while leaching involves solubilization, transport, and precipitation/fixation of dissolved components through physicochemical and biological processes like hydration and hydrolysis. Models like the Universal Soil Loss Equation are used to estimate soil degradation from erosion and leaching over large areas based on local measurements and factors such as climate, landscape, soil type, and land use. Soil losses at one site result in deposition elsewhere through aquatic, wind, or precipitation transport.
This document discusses soils and their importance as a natural resource. It explains that soil is made up of weathered rock and organic material. The key factors that influence soil formation are identified as parent material, climate, living organisms, topography, and time. Parent material refers to the minerals and sediments from which soils are formed. Climate and living organisms help break down parent material over hundreds of years to create the thin, top layer of productive soil.
This document discusses the components and properties of soil. It explains that soil provides support and nutrients for plant growth. The five main components of soil are rock, sand, silt, clay, and humus. Humus adds many nutrients to the top layer of soil. There are three main layers of soil: topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock. Natural resources like soil must be conserved through practices like planting trees and grass, healthy farming, and planting gardens.
This document discusses key properties of soil, including the soil profile, horizons, texture, structure, composition, pH, and land capability. It describes:
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2. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
STAINABLEAG
We, leaders of global food and agriculture, recognize
that we influence the way one quarter of the world’s
population earns a living, half the world’s habitable land
is cared for, and two-thirds of the world’s fresh water
is used. With such influence comes opportunity and
responsibility. We see sustainability as both a social and
a business opportunity.
For our businesses, sustainability can enable us to
enhance brands; meet new market demands; attract the
best and brightest employees; ensure a reliable supply
of food; reduce risks; harmonize standards and plant
inspections; reduce the use of energy and materials; and
create value for every player and society as a whole.
Our vision is to make continuous improvement toward
a sustainable food and agriculture system in which the
food we eat is affordable, safe, and promotes our health;
the fertility of our soil is maintained and improved;
the availability and quality of water are protected and
enhanced; the air is clean; biodiversity is protected;
farmers, farm workers, and all other actors in value chains
are treated fairly and benefit economically; sustainable
businesses can thrive; and the flow of energy and the
discharge of waste, including greenhouse gas emissions,
arewithinthecapacityoftheearthtoabsorb.Theintention
of this booklet is to give an easy understanding of
sustainable agriculture and its main issues by showing
success stories of concrete business case studies.
FOREWORDINDEX
FOREWORD 3
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE 4
WATER SCARCITY 6
CLIMATE CHANGE 8
LAND USE 10
PEST MANAGEMENT 12
BIODIVERSITY 14
ECONOMIC ASPECTS 16
SOCIAL ASPECTS 18
FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 20
ANIMAL WELFARE 22
RESOURCE GUIDE 24
3
3. SUSTAINAB WHAT IS SUSTAINA
USTAINABLEA
The need for Sustainable
Agriculture
Sustainable agriculture has environmental, social and
economic dimensions – and all three must be consi-
dered together. Focusing on one or two in isolation
will not give the desired results.
Protecting and improving the natural environment are
fundamental, and issues like climate change, energy,
water scarcity, biodiversity and soil degradation need
to be addressed.
The social dimension covers labor rights and the health
of communities, including access to and affordability
of food, labor rights and community health. Food
quality, safety and animal welfare are also important
social aspects.
On the economic side, sustainable agriculture is pro-
ductive, efficient and competitive. The benefits should
be seen in farm profitability, in thriving local econo-
mies, and throughout the whole value chain.
The food industry needs long-term, increased supplies
of quality raw materials to cater to growing
demand, but factors such as unusual weather caused
by climate change and water scarcity are making
production and prices more volatile.
Sustainable agricultural practices and programs can
help businesses ensure a reliable supply of food and
open up new opportunities at the same time – such as
enhancing brands and meeting new market demands.
Food companies that embark on this challenge are
the ones attracting the best and brightest employees.
As awareness is growing amongst business operators,
sustainable sourcing has become a point of
differentiation in the marketplace. Moreover, the
consumers they serve are increasingly concerned
about where their food comes from and pay great
attention to whether it is produced in a responsible
way, from farm to fork.
Looking at our food production system, the biggest
potential for impact lies in influencing primary
production. Enhancement of sustainable sourcing and
sustainable agriculture are key opportunities when
this system is challenged. This understanding has
a place at the top of the corporate agenda.
The world’s population is expected to rise dramatically
over the next 40 years, from 6.7 billion in 2009 to
9.2 billion by 2050. At the same time, economic
development will lead to an increase in demand for
meat, dairy, vegetables and fruit.
To feed the world and to feed it well, global food
production will need to double by 2050. The problem,
however, is that half of the habitable land on Earth is
already used for farming.
As resources are limited, the challenge is to achieve
global food security while having a positive impact on
the environment and society. Sustainable agricultural
practices provide the solution.
THREE SIDES TO SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE
GOOD BUSINESS SENSE
Sustainable Agriculture
Environmental
Impacts
• Biodiversity
• Climate/
Energy
• Soil
• Water
• Labor Rights
• Community
Health
• Food Quality
& Safety
• Animal Welfare
• Farm
Profitability
• Livelihoods
• Value Chain
Social
Impacts
Economic
Impacts
54
5. CLIMATE C
In a bid to bring a new dimension to its agricultural
sourcing strategy, Danone Dairy Product business
in France adopted an approach developed by Bleu
Blanc Coeur, which involves reintroducing omega
3-rich flaxseeds into cows’ diets, supplemented by
grass, hemp and alfalfa.
Cows’ natural diet is grass, which is rich in beneficial
fatty acids. But in the second half of the 20th
century, maize silage and soybean cakes became
the mainstays of cattle feed. The result has been
a change in cows’ milk composition and a shift
in the ratio of omega 3 fatty acids to omega 6.
Moreover, the modern diet makes cows more prone
to flatulence.
Danone Europe embarked on the program in 2005.
On the twenty French farms taking part in the pilot,
greenhouse gas emissions were reduced by 20 to
30%, and milk yield increased by 8 to 10%.
Analysis showed the milk contained the same
level of proteins as before, but less fat overall.
In late 2007 Danone Europe began rolling out the
program in its biggest milk collection region around
Rouen. Progress was rapid: within six months more
than 500 farmers were on board.
The program ensures availability of more quality milk
and new growth opportunities through delivering
healthier products to consumers.
But beyond the business angle, the program brings
health, social and environmental benefits.
The naturally high omega 3 content of the milk gives
it functional benefits and contributes to a healthier
diet for consumers. Cows are also healthier, and
farmers see improvements in production and in their
revenues. At the same time, methane emissions
from the cows are reduced by around 20 percent.
The next step for Danone is to work with marketing
colleagues to communicate about the project’s
manifold benefits and to develop further consumer
awareness.
Depending on the pilot results Danone will consider
extending the program to other regions in France.
Elsewhere, similar projects are underway in Spain,
and in the US with Stonyfield Farms.
CASE STUDY DANONE
REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT BY CHANGING
THE COMPOSITION OF COW FEED
TUDYCLIMATECHA
98
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change, or global warming, refers to the
increase in temperatures over the last 100 years due
to greenhouse gas emissions from human activities,
CO2
, methane and nitrous oxide, as well as others.
Climate change upsets the balance of natural systems.
For instance, higher temperatures cause sea levels
to rise, and unpredictable weather conditions upset
patterns of precipitation.
The effects for agriculture are serious. Crops are
exposed to quite different conditions from those
that suit them best, and productivity can be gravely
affected.
Although changes in some places can be favorable
for production, in general climate change brings more
risks for farmers, who have to adapt their methods to
new conditions.
The supply of raw materials for food businesses can
be disrupted, and the quality and price adversely
affected.
Biodiversity is affected by changing climate and
in turn it affects crop health and therefore supply.
When biodiversity is compromised species die out or
are exposed to new pests. Climate change interlinks
issues such as water availability and biodiversity.
6. CASE STUDY UNILEVER
NO TILLING FOR BRAZILIAN TOMATOES
LAND USE
The availability of land and fertile soil is essential for
healthy crops and livestock. Fertile soil also promotes
biodiversity, efficient use of water and filtering, and
avoids run-off of nutrients. It acts as a carbon sink,
countering the forces of climate change.
Two billion hectares of land worldwide– twice the size
of China – are seriously degraded, some irreversibly.
Inadequate agricultural practices, such as the improper
use of fertilizers and pesticides, lead to soil pollution,
salinisation and loss of arable land. Forty percent of
all arable land already suffers from some level of
degradation.
Farmers who work this degraded land face decreasing
yields, resulting in lower income. It is therefore vital for
them to adopt sustainable land use practices to keep
soil healthy. This is also in the interest of companies,
as fertile land is essential for securing their supply of
raw materials.
LAND USE
11
Five Brazilian tomato growers in Goiás state have
worked closely with Unilever Brazil since 2002 to adopt
sustainable growing practices. The medium- to large-
sized farms produce 440,000 tons of tomatoes each year
between them. But the humid climate, variable weather
and high levels of pests make for difficult growing
conditions.
In February and March, the start of the growing season,
Goiás state experiences as much as two to four inches
of rainfall a day, making the soil particularly vulnerable
to erosion.
To minimize erosion and soil degradation, Unilever Brazil’s
field staff, who visit the farms weekly, advise growers to
minimize tilling or to avoid plowing the soil altogether.
Turning the soil may control weeds, but it exposes the top
soil, which is rich in organic matter and retains water well.
When top soil is exposed, the organic matter it contains
is rapidly broken down and nutrients vital to plant and
soil health (nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium) are
lost.
Not tilling helps to keep the soil in better health and also
reduces the need for irrigation and fertilizers, saving
farmers money on expensive inputs. Unilever helps the
growers implement other land use practices such as
sustainable pest control, waste reduction, drip irrigation,
and harvesting techniques as well.
For the farmers, these sustainable practices result in a
lower cost of inputs and a bigger tomato harvest. This
means that the gross cost per ton of fruit is reduced.
Throughout the year other crops are grown on the healthy
land in rotation, such as soy and corn in the summer.
By protecting the natural resources and improving the
livelihoods of growers, Unilever Brazil is securing its own
access to more sustainably produced tomatoes to meet
local processing needs.
Unilever Brazil plans to extend the project to all of its Goiás
state growers, providing them with the same support on
best practices. Regional managers are developing their
own manuals and educational programs tailored to the
needs of local farmers, agronomists and fieldsmen.
The company is also publishing its guidelines for the
sustainable growing of tomatoes for processing, and is
sharing these with third party suppliers.
10
CASE STUDY LAN
7. CASE STUDY THE COCA-COLA COMPANY
"BETTER GROVES, BETTER COMMUNITIES" PROJECT IN BRAZIL
PEST MANAGEMENT
Protecting crops from pests, weeds and disease
is an essential part of everyday farming activities,
even more so in the context of rising food prices,
population growth and concerns over global food
security. Pest management is essential for preserving
the abundance and diversity of native species and for
ensuring the quality and sustainability of agricultural
yields.
Conventionally, pesticides and other chemical agents
are used for crop protection in the agricultural
sector. Different schemes for insect control need
to be explored based on the characteristics of the
production site.
In an effort to deal with the pest pressure and promote
biodiversity preservation, farmers and businesses
have developed programs that not only based on
the responsible use of agrochemicals but also on
Integrated Pest Management strategies, such as pest
monitoring and biological control.
ASESTUDYPESTMA
PEST MAN
13
Orange groves – the production grounds for orange trees
worldwide – are vulnerable to attack by insects such as
fruit flies. These vermin are responsible for fruit drop,
and can have a detrimental effect on the overall quality
of the fruit.
In 2007, The Coca-Cola Company partnered with
Citrovita, one of its orange juice suppliers, to launch the
“Better Groves, Better Communities” project throughout
Citrovita operations in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The main objective of the project was to deal with pest
pressure in an environmentally friendly manner, while
also providing a social component in the form of youth
training and promotion of cultural events in the region.
Citrovita orange groves are embedded within a system
of natural and recomposed forest spaces – referred to
as biocorridors, which constitute preserved jungle.
Therefore, while chemical agents can be used as a
means of pest management within the orange groves
themselves, pesticides cannot be used within or in the
proximity of the biocorridors.
To deal with the growing fruit fly pressure in the groves,
pest monitoring was used to determine the zones of
highest fly presence. As it is impossible to survey all
trees within forest spaces, a geostatistical approach
(complemented with Geographic Information Systems)
was used to determine which tree species host the fruit
fly. Sampling was conducted along a 62 mile trail within
the forest spaces. The orange groves, on the other hand,
were surveyed through georeferenced fruit fly traps. The
study revealed that the greatest concentration of flies
was in the grove rather than the forest spaces.
Initially, the control strategy was to rely on sterile male
flies and parasitoids. However, an unexpected turn of
events occurred recently when a species of nematodes
was found to be effective in fruit fly control. Nematodes
are soil organisms, and certain species prey on the early
stages of fruit flies which reside in soil. Following this
discovery, entomologists involved in the project began
experimenting with the use of nematodes as biological
control agents. Their use offers many advantages,
includingthecontrolofotherinsectssuchas“bichofurao,”
less releases per year, and greater ease of release in the
field. In laboratory experiments, nematodes can control
up to 90% of fruit flies; entomologists are currently trying
to estimate the degree of efficacy in field experiments.
Once results are fully validated, Citrovita will disseminate
this technology to its own fruit suppliers.12
8. Coffee is traditionally grown in the shade, beneath
a canopy of varied tree species. Home to bird life and
pollinators, the trees protect the plant and the fruits
ripen slowly out of the sun’s glare.
Global demand has caused 25 million acres of rainforest
around the world to be cleared to grow high-yield, fast-
ripening coffee in direct sunlight.
In 1999 Starbucks joined a project set up by Conservation
International (CI) around the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve
in Chiapas, Mexico, to encourage shade-grown coffee
and prevent further deforestation. Technical assistance
was given on coffee growing techniques and quality.
Starbucks provided a market and offered a premium for
shade-grown coffee.
With the introduction of its Preferred Supplier Program,
developed with CI in 2001, Starbucks moved up a gear.
The initial two-year pilot scheme for Chiapas was
designed to be the basis of Starbucks’ coffee procurement
everywhere. Farmers received a premium for coffee
depending on their environmental, social, economic and
quality performance.
In 2004 the project evolved again with the launch of
Coffee and Farmer Equity (C.A.F.E.) practices, which
give a framework for the whole industry to encourage
sustainability.
Starbucks and CI have recently developed a method for
measuring the impact of C.A.F.E. practices on biodiversity.
The results will be published in late 2009.
Whilethefarmersreceivegoodreturns,Starbucksbenefits
from secure supply of high quality coffee. Starbucks now
sources the majority of its coffee over 200 million pounds
a year – from C.A.F.E. approved suppliers. The company
is also looking at ways to apply the C.A.F.E. practices to
other commodities, such as cocoa and sugar.
CASE STUDY STARBUCKS
PROMOTING SHADE-GROWN COFFEE
BIODIVERBIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity refers to the wide variety of flora and
fauna found in nature (wild plants, animals, insects
and micro-organisms). Biodiversity also supports a
number of natural ecosystem processes and services.
Some ecosystem services that benefit society are
air quality improvement, climate mitigation, water
purification, disease control, biological pest control,
pollination and prevention of erosion.
Climate change, population growth and human
activities are causing loss of biodiversity globally.
Converting land use and deforestation can displace
species from their natural habitat, causing the
resulting damaged ecosystems to struggle to sustain
life.
For these reasons the protection of biodiversity has
become a major concern in agricultural practices.
Businesses are increasingly exploring ways to
be productive while maintaining and improving
biodiversity as they become aware that the
implications of biodiversity loss extend beyond raw
material availability, quality and price.
ASESTUDYBIODIVE
1514
9. CASE STUDY COSTCO AND CIAT
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF SUPPLY
CHAIN TRANSPARENCY
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
Agriculture plays a fundamental role in the economic
growth and the development prospects of a vast
majority of developing countries. Up to 70% of their
populations live in rural settings and rely on farming
for their livelihoods.
Therefore, when businesses source products from
thesecountries,theycancontributetothewellbeingof
millions of rural laborers and small farmers. However,
this requires that they understand the dynamics of
their supply chains and the consequences of their
procurement policies.
To do so, buyers can benefit from partnering with
researchers and NGOs to analyze impacts and from
building relationships with key stakeholders, thereby
ensuring that communities flourish and farmers have
the capacity to supply them in the long-term.
ECONOMIC
1716
Every day, French-style green beans travel from remote
farms in Guatemala to Costco stores all over North
America.
Inspired by her work with the Sustainable Food Lab and
curious to know whether Guatemalan farmers were
receiving a fair price for their produce, a Costco employee
initiated the Juan Francisco project in 2005. It involved
an extensive analysis of the services provided by each
supply chain player, their prices and revenues, as well as
the impact on rural poverty.
The analysis, conducted by the agricultural research
organization CIAT, showed that farmers receive 24%
of the final sale price of the beans. The family income
of farmers was $4.12 a day, more than four times the
income of Guatemala’s poorest. They received $0.28 per
two-pound bag of beans, four times as much per acre as
from traditional maize cultivation.
One farmer told visitors that the green bean market
means her children now wear shoes and attend school.
Her husband no longer has to work away from home for
months at a time as a migrant laborer.
The project to assess and improve the supply chain
generated trust among the supply chain players. For
Costco, it helped ensure continuity of green bean supply.
But more than that, it helped managers and buyers take
multiple factors into account when making decisions.
Weather disruptions, inspection delays, product losses
and price increases still occur, but they are now seen from
the perspectives of the farmers as well as the buyers.
The project also led to the establishment of the Juan
Francisco GarcÍa Comparini Foundation, funded by all
actors in the supply chain. The Foundation supports
health care access and educational scholarships for the
families of the most vulnerable workers and very small
Mayan farmers.
Costco is now enrolling more of its supply chains, like
cashew nuts and shrimps, in similar processes.
ASESTUDYECONOM
10. CASE STUDY KRAFT
MARKET-ORIENTED PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE CERTIFIED
COCOA PRODUCTION IN CÔTE D'IVOIRE
SOCIAL ASPECTS
Agriculture - the largest industry on the planet -
employs over one billion people worldwide. Working
conditions and community health issues vary greatly
according to region and continent.
In developing countries, where almost three-quarters
of the population relies on farming to make a living,
businesses have an opportunity and a responsibility
to contribute positively to the livelihood of the
communities who help to produce their products.
This means ensuring that farmers receive fair returns,
and that good labor conditions prevail throughout the
supply chain. In addition, businesses can facilitate
access to education, training and health care for
laborers and their families.
By developing relationships throughout the supply
chain, companies can help communities to prosper,
and subsequently to continue producing in the long
run.
SOCIAL AS
1918
As the world’s largest producer of cocoa, Côte d’Ivoire
generates 40% of global production, most of which is
grown by smallholder farmers. Cocoa is an indispensable
commodity for many industries worldwide, but its
production is “bittersweet”, as challenges for farmers
are numerous. Indeed, they must deal not only with low
productivity due to pests, plant diseases and insufficient
knowledge of best agricultural and sustainable practices,
but also with an array of social challenges including poor
living and health conditions, lack of education and low
income.
Finding sustainable solutions to these issues has been the
aim of Kraft Foods Inc and the Market-oriented Promotion
of Sustainable Certified Cocoa Production project which
it has been involved in since 2005. In partnership with
Armanjaro Ltd, GTZ, BMZ and USAID, Kraft launched the
initiative in the regions of Daloa/Issia and Abengourou
to encourage farmers to produce quality cocoa according
to the internationally accepted Sustainable Agriculture
Network’s certification standards.
Farmers who comply with these standards can display
the Rainforest Alliance Certified stamp on their products,
providing them with added value in the marketplace.
Cocoa farmers have been encouraged to organize
themselves efficiently and to improve their agricultural
and management practices. The aim has been for them
to increase their income, to improve the living, working,
health and education conditions of their families and
workers, to manage their farms more professionally and
to protect the environment.
Over the last three years, six cocoa cooperatives have
joined the program, with 2039 farmers participating in the
initiative. Overall, in addition to successfully contributing
to an increase in productivity, yield and market access
- and therefore in an increase of income for farmers, -
the project has brought change to working and living
conditions of farm workers and their families. Indeed,
school attendance for children has become a normal part
of daily life in the areas where participating cooperatives
are located, and Kraft has joined in a range of activities
to fight trafficking and the worst forms of child labor
in the region. Furthermore, trainings to help improve
living conditions have proved beneficial to producers,
who have seen a positive influence on their health and
overall hygiene.
The impact of the project in terms of gender equality has
been valuable, as women - though it is not traditional
for them to work on cocoa farms - have been joining
cooperatives at a faster rate than men.
ASESTUDYSOCIAL
11. Dutch Lady Vietnam’s Dairy Development Program began
in 1995 and was originally conceived to run for 10 years.
In 2006, after investment totaling $6.6m and enormous
success, the decision was taken to keep going.
The program builds sustainable relationships between
the company and small dairy farmers, to improve the
quality of milk that can be sourced in high volumes from
within the country.
Thirty-nine milk collection points have been set up in
the Binh Duong, Tay Ninh, Long An and Ho Chi Minh
City provinces, to which rural farmers take milk to sell
to the company. This gives the farmers a direct market
for milk without the need for intermediaries, and creates
an opportunity to provide training, advice and services.
The farmers are trained in dairy husbandry practices to
ensure their milk is of optimum quality. Topics include
veterinary healthcare, hygiene, milking technique,
good design of breeding facilities, and cow care during
pregnancy and calving.
A specialist team is on-hand to provide services free-
of-charge, such as artificial insemination of cows,
veterinary services, and medicines at low prices. This
helps build the confidence of farmers; raising cows is a
less risky business when there are technicians to turn to
for support.
A scalable, transparent payment system encourages
farmers to deliver the very best quality milk they can.
In fact, the quality exceeds required quality standards in
Vietnam, making for prices to the farmer that are among
the highest in the country.
In addition to developing the Vietnamese dairy industry
and supporting the livelihoods of small farmers, the
program has brought clear benefits for the company.
The more quality milk it can source from within the
country, the less dependent it is on imports from abroad
to serve its needs there – and the less vulnerable
to import duties and fluctuations in exchange rates.
When the program started in 2006, only 50 farmers were
participating. By 2007 that number had swelled to 2,700
farmers, supplying more than 50 million liters of fresh
milk per year.
DutchLadyVietnamhasalsoseennewsalesopportunities
open up as a result of the program, as it has been able to
extend its product offering from sterilized milk to fresh,
pasteurized milk.
QUALITY AFOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY
Consumersareexactingaboutfoodstandards.Benefits
of food such as convenience, taste, nutrition, safety,
and cost are considered and trade-offs can be made.
Taste can be chosen over nutrition or convenience
over cost, but when safety of the food is in question,
the decisions are usually made more carefully.
Maintaining a safe food supply is a goal of the majority
of food producers, processors, and distributors. This
is achieved through the strict application of food
safety standards that regulate production, handling,
preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent
food borne illness.
But sometimes special care must be taken that
food safety standards don’t result in unintended
environmental or social impacts. Protection of
vegetable crops from pathogens, for example, can be
done while also making sure that biodiversity thrives
in the landscape. Similarly, smaller suppliers can be
assisted to meet rigorous standards through better
functioning credit and extension systems.
2120
CASE STUDY FOO
CASE STUDY FRIESLANDCAMPINA DUTCH LADY
SUPPORTING VIETNAMESE FARMERS FOR QUALITY MILK
ASESTUDYFOODQ
12. CASE STUDY BEN & JERRY’S
THE CARING DAIRY WAY OF WORKING
ANIMAL WELFARE
Livestockplaysavitalroleinmeetingbothproductivity
and sustainability objectives, as it is a central element
of farming.
Today, animal welfare has become a major source of
public concern, and consumer demand for “animal
–friendly” products is steadily increasing. As a result,
industrialized farming has had to make the shift from
focusing mainly on competition and pricing, to taking
into account the welfare of animals.
Indeed, it has become essential that livestock be
bred, housed, fed and transported in the proper
conditions, as bad animal farming practices are not
only detrimental for animal well-being, but can also
be at the root of a variety of environmental and food
safety issues.
ANIMAL W
CASESTUDYANIMAL
2322
In 2003 Ben & Jerry’s Europe launched a sustainable
milk initiative on Dutch farms in partnership with Cono,
a medium-sized dairy co-operative producing premium
cheeses.
Since milk and cream make up more than half the content
of every tub of Ben & Jerry’s ice-cream, the company
pays great attention to where it comes from. Animal
welfare is a very important aspect of the initiative,
known as Caring Dairy. But in addition to protecting the
cow, it also aims to protect the environment and farmers’
livelihoods.
To improve animal welfare the initiative has developed
a tool called the Cow Coach, whereby each farmer self-
assesses and monitors aspects of their farm management
that relate to sustainability indicators. They draw up an
improvement plan tailored to the farm's characteristics
and their priorities. The participants also make treatment
plans with veterinarians and work in cooperatives.
Mutual trust is vital, as they visit each others’ farms and
can make observations and suggestions that the host
farmer may not have considered.
Amongst the improvements seen so far are adaptations
to the cows’ housing system, such as larger cubicles and
increased use of sawdust or mattresses, and elevated
feed fences.
Farmers receive a premium of €0.50 per 100kg of milk for
following the Caring Dairy way of working, in addition to
a €0.50 per 100kg for grazing their cows – a practice that
is natural for a cow and makes for attractive countryside
landscape.
The pilot phase of the project involved 11 family farmers.
These pioneers now inspire and coach their colleagues,
as Caring Dairy is rolled out to all 550 Cono farmers.
The improvements achieved by the farmers have led
Ben & Jerry’s Europe to appoint Cono as its sole supplier.
The program has always been focused on the social
mission rather than on marketing. However, in 2008 the
company started using the Caring Dairy logo on its ice-
cream packaging. The unique nature of this initiative has
generated much free publicity.
13. USTAINABLEA
CERTIFICATION SCHEMES
UTZ CERTIFIED
UTZ CERTIFIED started as a certification standard for
mainstream coffee and it is now expanding to other
commodities such as cocoa, tea and palm oil. The
program gives independent assurance of sustainable
production and sourcing and offers online real-time
traceability of agricultural products back to their origin.
www.utzcertified.org
Rainforest Alliance
The Rainforest Alliance implements certification
programs for a wide variety of food and beverage
products such as coffee, tea, cocoa and fruits.
Their certification works to conserve biodiversity
and ensure sustainable livelihoods by transforming
land-use practices, business practices and consumer
behavior. www.rainforestalliance.org
Fairtrade
Fairtrade has developed certification standards for
many different commodities including coffee, cocoa
tea, rice, cotton and fruits. Fairtrade’s principal criterion
is to guarantee farmers a minimum price that covers
the costs of sustainable production and living.
www.fairtrade.net
IMPACT MEASUREMENT FOR VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
The International Social and Environmental Accredi-
tation and Labeling (ISEAL) Alliance supports credible
standards and conformity assessment by developing
capacity building tools to strengthen members’
activities and by promoting credible voluntary social
and environmental certification as a legitimate
policy instrument in global trade and development.
www.isealalliance.org
PERFORMANCE METRICS FOR FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
The Stewardship Index for Specialty Crops is a multi-
stakeholder initiative to develop a system for
measuring sustainable performance throughout the
specialty crop supply chain. The project seeks to offer
a suite of outcomes-based metrics to enable operators
at any point along the supply chain to benchmark,
compare, and communicate their own performance.
www.stewardshipindex.org
IMPACT METRICS FOR COMMODITIES
Keystone field to market is developing metrics to
measure the environmental, health, and socioeconomic
outcomes of agriculture in the United States.
The aim is to facilitate quantification and identification
of key impact areas and trends over time, foster
productive industry-wide dialogue, and promote
continued progress along the path toward sustain-
ability. www.keystone.org
SUSTAINABILITY TOOLKIT FOR RETAIL
The Food Marketing Institute Task Force on
Sustainability has developed a Toolkit that comprises
two instruments. The Sustainability Opportunity for
Supermarket Executives explains the ‘what’ and
‘why’ of sustainability while the Sustainability Starter
Kit addresses the ‘how’. Both tools are available at
www.fmi.org/sustainability/
NGO TOOLS AND RESOURCES
WWF
From assessing a company’s environmental impact
to helping identify innovative, new technological
solutions, WWF is partnering with leading companies
to help them achieve their business objectives while
simultaneously supporting WWF’s conservation
objectives. www.wwf.org
Conservation International
As part of its mission Conservation International aims
to engage the private sector worldwide in creating
solutions to critical global environmental problems
in which industry plays a defining role. Conservation
International creates best practices, promotes
effective policy solutions and tests its ideas in the
field with businesses operating in places such as
biodiversity hotspots. www.celb.org
Oxfam
Oxfam is a campaigning organization and global
expert in emergency relief and long-term
development work. They partner with companies
to make a difference to some of the world’s
poorest communities. www.oxfam.org
RESOURCE GUIDE
RESOURCE GUIDE
There is a wide range of tools and instruments available
to help farmers, companies and retail take on the
challengeofsustainableagriculture.Thisresourceguide
gives an overview of some of the leading initiatives.
VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
Global Gap
GLOBALGAP (former EUREPGAP) is a private
sector body that sets voluntary standards for the
certification of agricultural products around the
globe. The aim is to establish a standard for Good
Agricultural Practice (G.A.P.) with different product
applications capable of fitting to the whole of global
agriculture. www.globalgap.info
EISA
The European Initiative for Sustainable Development
in Agriculture has developed a common codex
that defines general principles and procedures
of Integrated Farming and considers aspects of
food production, economic viability, producer and
consumer safety, social responsibility and
conservation of the environment in a balanced
manner. www.sustainable-agriculture.org
RSPO
The mission of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm
Oil (RSPO) is to advance the production, procurement
and use of sustainable oil palm products through
the development, implementation and verification
of credible global standards and, the engagement of
stakeholders along the supply chain. www.rspo.org
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14. information
formation
The Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) Platform is
an organization founded by food industry companies –
Groupe Danone, Nestlé and Unilever – to communicate
worldwide and actively support the development of
sustainable agriculture practices by stakeholders
throughout the food chain.
SAI Platform supports agricultural practices and
agricultural production systems that preserve the
future availability of current resources and enhance
their efficiency.
The action-oriented initiative integrates knowledge
sharing, assessment of sustainable agricultural
practices, and communication. It aims at implementing
the three pillars of sustainability – social, economical
and environmental – into mainstream agriculture (not
niche markets) and through the whole food chain.
With 24 members today, SAI Platform offers food
companies a way for pre-competitive cooperation on
ways to ensure the sustainable supply of high quality
basic ingredients, increase value for consumers and
safeguard the welfare of society overall, including
environment quality and farmers’ well being.
The Sustainable Food Lab is a consortium of 70 business
and social organizations from four continents. Its mission
is to deepen and accelerate the shift of sustainable food
from niche to mainstream.
Food Lab members have access to sustainability training,
leadership development, case studies and off-the-shelf
tools.
Partners come together in the Food Lab to test and de-
velop new ideas with live, on-the-ground pilot projects.
Three grant-funded clusters aim at poverty alleviation
through new business models, climate change and re-
regionalization.
The Sustainable Food Lab and its partners are developing
impact indicators to measure sustainability and indentify
gaps between what is being accomplished and what is
needed.
Lab members share stories and case studies and learn
together at summits and learning journeys in the field. It
is also a safe space for business and NGO shared learning
and strategy, and is an efficient space to incubate and
manage projects.
The Sustainable
Agriculture Initiative
Platform
The Sustainable Food Lab
2726
Colophon
Created for
SAI Platform and
Sustainable Food Lab
Concept, realization, design
Schuttelaar & Partners
Text
Jess Halliday, Schuttelaar & Partners
Research and editing
Schuttelaar & Partners
Sustainable Food Lab staff and partners
SAI Platform and partners
Copyright
SAI Platform and
Sustainable Food Lab
June, 2009
15. SUSTAINABLE AGR
SAI Platform Members:
• Agrarfrost GmbH & Company
• Agroterra
• Cayuga Marketing LLC
• CIO
• The Coca-Cola Company
• Danone Group
• Ecom Trading
• Elders
• Farm Frites International
• Fonterra
• FrieslandCampina
• General Mills
• The Kellogg Company
• Kemin Industries
• Kraft Foods
• Lamb Weston/ Meijer
• McCain Foods Ltd
• McDonald’s Corporation
• Nestlé
• Novus International
• Sara Lee Corporation
• Tchibo GmgH
• Unilever
• Volcafe
SAI Platform Affiliate Members:
• CIAA
• EISA
SFL Business Members and
Partners:
• ACOS
• Adeco Agropecuaria
• Adina World Beat Beverages
• Birds Eye Foods
• Bolthouse Farms
• Cabot Creamery
• CH Robinson
• Clif Bar & Company
• Del Cabo Foods
• General Mills
• Golden Heritage Foods
• Green Mountain Coffee Roasters
• H.J. Heinz
• Jasper Wyman & Sons
• Los Angeles Salad International
• Organic Valley Cooperative
• Sadia
• Scharffen Berger
• Sodexo
• Sotral
• Starbucks
• SYSCO
• Unilever
• US Foodservice
SFL NGO and Academic Members
and Partners:
• AgroFrontera
• AlimenTerra
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• Catholic Relief Services
• Center for Tropical Agriculture
(CIAT)
• Charles Leopold Mayer Foundation
• Counterpart International
• David and Lucile Packard Foun-
dation
• Food Marketing Institute
• The Ford Foundation
• International Institute for Environ-
ment and Development
• In Natura
• Institute of Research and Economic
Development of Rural China
• Michigan State University
• The Nature Conservancy
• Oxfam Great Britain
• Rainforest Alliance
• Rural Development Institute,
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
• SustainAbility
• Utz Certified
• H. A. Wallace Center at Winrock
International
• West-African Association for the
Development of Small-Scale
Fishing Industries
• Science and Technology in China
• Society for Organizational Learning
• W. K. Kellogg Foundation
• World Forum of Fish Harvesters
and Fishworkers
• World Resources Institute
• World Wildlife Fund