Sustainable Development Goals and the Nexus
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A presentation made to the Global Research Institute at the University of North Carolina, 4th December 2013
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Sustainable Development Goals and the Nexus
- 1. The Sustainable Development Goals: why the Nexus approach is vital to the post 2015 Millennium Development Goals Felix Dodds www.felixdodds.net 1
- 2. How did we get here • Brundtland Commission (1983-1987) • EARTH SUMMIT 1992 • Agenda 21 – 40 chapters • Rio Declaration – 27 principles • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change • UN Convention on Biological diversity • The Forest Principles 2
- 3. After 1992 – the party 3
- 9. Planetary Boundaries – September 2009 9
- 13. Climate also plays a significant role “Changes in the global water cycle in response to the warming over the 21st century will not be uniform. The contrast in precipitation between wet and dry regions and between wet and dry seasons will increase.” IPCC September 2013 13
- 14. Climate also plays a significant role “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.” IPCC (September 2013) 14
- 15. Climate also plays a significant role “Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since 1850. In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983– 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years” IPCC September 2013 15
- 16. World Bank November 2012 97 percent of scientists agree on the reality of climate change. The last 10,000 years temperature has changed by no more than + or – 1 degree C. 16
- 17. President Obama – State of the Union • “It’s true that no single event makes a trend. But the fact is, the 12 hottest years on record have all come in the last 15. Heat waves, droughts, wildfires, floods, all are now more frequent and more intense. We can choose to believe that Superstorm Sandy, and the most severe drought in decades, and the worst wildfires some states have ever seen were all just a freak coincidence. Or we can choose to believe in the overwhelming judgment of science and act before it’s too late. “ 17
- 18. Rio+20 • Sustainable Development Goals • High Level Political Forum • Two processes: – Sustainable Development Goals Open Working Group – Committee on Financing Sustainable Development • New Goals should be universal and puts both poverty eradication and sustainable development at the heart of the new goals 18
- 19. IPCC Role Out • Working Group I: The Science of Climate Change 27 September 2013 • Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability 31 March 2014 • Working Group III: Mitigation of Climate Change7-11 April 2014 19
- 20. New Goals • • • • • • • • • Food and Nutrition YES Water YES Energy YES Jobs YES Education YES Health YES Employment (YES) Poverty (YES) Gender YES and Governance YES –cross cutting? Oceans, Urban, Forests, Peace and Security, Disaster Relief, Climate, Biodiversity MAYBE 20
- 21. Term How it is Used in this Report Goal Expresses an ambitious, but specific, commitment. Always starts with a verb/action. Target Quantified sub-components that will contribute in a major way to achievement of goal. Should be an outcome variable. Indicator Precise metric from identified databases to assess if target is being met (often multiple indicators are used). 21
- 22. Colombia and the Nexus approach Approach Water Energy Food security Climate
- 23. Increase agricultural productivity by x%, with a focus on sustainably increasing smallholder yields and access to irrigation. Increase the amount of InterlinkaInterlinkages: climate, water, food renewable energy by x% bysecurity xxxx Bring freshwater withdrawals in line Interlinkages: energy and with supply and increase water food security efficiency in agriculture by x%, industry by y% and urban areas by z%. Interlinkages: Water and food security
- 26. Nexus Conference at UNC Supported by World Bank UN DESA UNDP IRENA UN Habitat UNCCD Stockholm Environment Institute Millennium Institute WWF International WBCSD Outputs: • Nexus Declaration • An Academic and Practitioners Network Outcome • A community of practice for the Nexus 26
- 27. NEXUS CONFERNCE AT UNC 1. Urban Challenges of the Nexus: Local and Global perspectives 2. Nexus perspectives: Water, Energy and Climate 3. Nexus perspectives: Water, Food and Climate 4. Natural Resource Security for People: Water, Food and Energy 1. Entrepreneurial Environmentalism and Development 2. Nexus Corporate Stewardship: How business is improving resource use 3. Financing the Nexus: policy and practice 4. Learning from the past, building a new future: Nexus Scientific Research 27
- 28. And…… • • • • Nexus Bingo Nexus Dating Side Events Workshops for abstracts We expect to have: • WBCSD launching a major report on the Food and Water Nexus • UN Water Report prelaunch • Future Earth – first outing 28
- 29. Einstein "We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.” …….. "Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe." 29
- 30. 30
Editor's Notes
- This presentation demonstrates the new capabilities of PowerPoint and it is best viewed in Slide Show. These slides are designed to give you great ideas for the presentations you’ll create in PowerPoint 2010!For more sample templates, click the File tab, and then on the New tab, click Sample Templates.
- These are the iconsthatwill be used in the followingslides to explain the “IntegratingApproach”Theseicons are purelyillustrative and do notattempt to pre-judgewhat the final set of SDGscould be
- INITIAL SLIDEThe proposal calls for starting from a bottom-up analysis of concrete and specific issues that could be structured into specific targets. Targets would only be grouped into goals in a subsequent step. The key sectors that would likely inform the SDGs have been repeatedly identified and would probably include health, water, food security, health, etc. Therefore the targets would largely come from these sectors or thematic areas. Such a process would also allow for governments or different constituencies to also make recommendations on possible targets.Given that the discussion would be based on concrete issues, the end product will likely be easier to translate into policies and actions at the national levelWhat is agreed in NY needs to make sense to our ministries, local authorities, entrepreneurs, and stakeholdersCLICK to FIRST ANIMATIONSpecial efforts need to be made to identify and incorporate inter-linkages and multi-dimensional aspectsIn most interventions in the OWG there have been calls for a new agenda that focuses on the inter-linkages, but it is not easy to deliver on this through a business-as-usual approach as we saw from the illustrations from the group exercise.NEXT 3 CLICKS WILL SHOW 3 CALLOUTS, EACH WITH A SPECIFIC TARGET3 targets have been taken from the HLP report to illustrate the richness of this approachFIRST CALLOUT – (on reduction of stunting, wasting and anemia in children under 5)This target, for example, would normally be listed under a “food security goal”. However, it is profoundly relevant as a health issue. And if one looks at it more deeply, it is critical for delivering on inter-generational equity as well as for future economic growth. Under a business-as-usual approach, these interlinkages would not be captured.SECOND CALLOUT( – on agricultural productivity)This target, would normally also be placed under “food security”. However, it is inherently linked to water allocation issues. And from a broader perspective it is key to delivering on greater equity between rural and urban settings, and for generating employment.At this point, it is important to note that such an “integrating approach” enables one to readily identify targets that help to deliver on issues that are often cited as “must-have” goals but that are very vague. The two targets we have just seen, for example, could be grouped with other relevant targets to define a goal on “equity” – a goal that would have therefore have a clear scope.Through similar rigorous and substantive exercises, same could be accomplished for other issues that are often considered both cross-cutting but that should also be “stand-alone”, such as “resilience” or “urban settlements” or “equity” or even “gender”. These could be both stand-alone AND cross-cutting.THIRD CALLOUT – on sectoral water use efficiencyThis target is clearly linked to both water and food security. But clearly it also has bearing on health and economic growth, to name just two additional inter-linkages
- (NOTE – This is a continuation of the previous slide)Clearly then, many issues such as water, energy, education and gender, health and sanitation, are intimately inter-relatedSome issues, such as gender or resilience, can be only achieved contextually, and targets that deliver on these issues also do so for other sectorsSome issues such as water, are so central to development that of necessity they should be mainstreamed across various sectorsWe need to identify “hinge issues” = fundamental development issues at could catalyze deep structural changesBy focusing initially on the targets, and not the goals, we are freed to really analyse and understand the deep inter-linkages that underpin each target.We are better able to identify targets that help to deliver on concepts that cannot be so easily captured, such as “inter-generational equity”Obviously, some targets will be relevant only to one sector or issue. Yet through such a bottom-up exercise these targets will also be better understood and formulated.CRITICALLY, such an approach provides an entry point for national representatives or experts or specific constituencies to recommend targets that they – based on their expertise and experience – think could drive the kind of catalytic, structural changes that we are all calling for when we talk about a “transformative agenda”. Surely such an agenda cannot be just business-as-usual…..In Colombia, we are undertaking a very illustrative exercise, based on this approach.All government ministries and specialized agencies were presented with the “integrating approach”All readily understood its value and appreciated its simplicity and transparency.EACH MINISTRY AND AGENCY IS NOW WORKING ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF 3-5 KEY TARGETS THAT THEY BELIEVE COULD DRIVE THE TYPE OF DEEP TRANSFORMATION THAT IS NEEDEDMinistries and agencies are encouraged to work together, to identify cross-cutting and inter-linked targetsThere is considerable enthusiasm for this undertakingMinistry representatives welcome an opportunity to provide substantive inputs to the process FOLLWING A METHODOLOGY THAT IS SIMPLE, STRAIGHTFORWARD AND TRANSPARENT.Colombia will not present the results of this exercise as a “wish list of SDG targets/goals” at the international level. However, if as a result of the exercise robust targets are identified, these could be shared as illustrative models
- (NOTE: there are 2 basic animations to this slide. The first 11 clicks move the target icons so that they are lined up under each goal.Then the next 9 clicks demonstrate how targets could be shared across goals)FIRST SET OF CLICKS (“targets” are lined up under the 4 GOALS)So how would the exercise work? We would select groups of targets that are relevant for delivering on a specific sector (such as “water” or “food security”) or an issue (such as “gender” or “equity”)We have here a hypothetical goal on water. Please note that the targets under this goal are not all colored blue nor do they all have a water-drop. This reflects the fact that many of the targets under water would be cross-cutting, and relate to other sectors and issues.SECOND SET OF CLICKS (TARGETS ARE SHARED ACROSS GOALS)Critically, some targets would be shared across SDGsNow, here we have a very simple and schematic demonstration of how this could work. (This animation only seeks to provide visualization.) The key point is that if we don’t define targets from a rigid sector-perspective, we will be better able to appreciate the relevance of a given target to different issues/sectors and therefore will be able to capture and reflect interlinkages in a simple and straightforward manner.