The document provides an overview of Indian history from 321 BCE to 1700 CE, including major empires, religions, and cultural developments. It summarizes the Maurya Empire under Ashoka that spread Buddhism; the Gupta Empire known as a golden age of arts and science; and the Mughal Empire that introduced Islamic influence. Key periods of Hinduism and architecture are also detailed.
Ancient History (1st to 9th centuries) – Tamil Nadu was ruled by Early Cholas between 01st to 04th century. During later half of 04th century Pallavas emerged into prominence and dominated for 400 years.
Medieval History (9th to 15th centuries) – Cholas rose as a strong power in 09th century. Pandyas emerged in early 14th century and in later 14th century a new kingdom was built called Vijayanagr empire.
Modern History (17th -19th century) -The British, under the British East India Company, established a settlement further south, in present day Chennai, in the year 1639.
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Krishna I and His Successors
Religion
Literature
Elephanta – 3 Faced Lord Shiva
Chalukyas
State Administration
Aihole Inscription of Pulikesin II
Various sources of the art of gupta period Ajay Kumar
This presentation is prepared by the MA student, to get basic and general information about the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students are advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
Appistry/CloudCamp “Inside the Cloud” Cloud Computing Community SurveyAppistry
Through the inaugural Appistry/CloudCamp "Inside the Cloud" survey, respondents provided feedback on cloud leadership, market conditions, innovation, challenges to cloud adoption, critical cloud attributes, and relevant cloud applications.
Ancient History (1st to 9th centuries) – Tamil Nadu was ruled by Early Cholas between 01st to 04th century. During later half of 04th century Pallavas emerged into prominence and dominated for 400 years.
Medieval History (9th to 15th centuries) – Cholas rose as a strong power in 09th century. Pandyas emerged in early 14th century and in later 14th century a new kingdom was built called Vijayanagr empire.
Modern History (17th -19th century) -The British, under the British East India Company, established a settlement further south, in present day Chennai, in the year 1639.
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Krishna I and His Successors
Religion
Literature
Elephanta – 3 Faced Lord Shiva
Chalukyas
State Administration
Aihole Inscription of Pulikesin II
Various sources of the art of gupta period Ajay Kumar
This presentation is prepared by the MA student, to get basic and general information about the subject. This presentation is incomplete and students are advised to get the further and proper information from subjective and recommended books and research articles.
Appistry/CloudCamp “Inside the Cloud” Cloud Computing Community SurveyAppistry
Through the inaugural Appistry/CloudCamp "Inside the Cloud" survey, respondents provided feedback on cloud leadership, market conditions, innovation, challenges to cloud adoption, critical cloud attributes, and relevant cloud applications.
Madurai Meenakshi amman temple with the history and its design......the temple location, plan, history, gopurams, rajagopurams, towers of the swami shrine, sundereshwara temple, meenakshi amman temple, temple tank and thousand pillared hall....
The World Heritage List includes 922 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage. In India, there are 23 heritage sites and 5 natural sites.
The Kailasha or Kailashanatha temple at the Ellora Caves in Aurangabad District, Maharashtra, India, is the biggest of the rock-cut Hindu temples. Because of its height, construction, and sculptural treatment, this megalith carved from a rock cliff face is regarded as one of the most amazing cave temples in the world and "the apex of the rock-cut period of Indian architecture." Even though the rock face slopes downward from the back to the front of the temple, the top of the superstructure above the sanctuary is 32.6 meters (107 feet) above the court level below. It is thought by archaeologists to be made of a single rock.
A megalith carved from a rock cliff face, it is considered one of the most remarkable cave temples in the world because of its size, architecture and sculptural treatment, and "the climax of the rock-cut phase of Indian architecture.
In India, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), an organization established by the Indian Constitution, is in charge of holding a number of esteemed exams in order to choose applicants for the civil services and other important government jobs.
"Khajuraho Temple Complex: A Testament to Divine Splendor and Artistic Mastery"kushwahanitesh592
Khajuraho, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India, is renowned for its exquisite temples adorned with intricate sculptures and architectural brilliance. Dating back to the Chandela dynasty of the 10th and 11th centuries, the Khajuraho temples represent a remarkable fusion of religion, art, and cultural expression. This comprehensive description will delve into the historical context, architectural features, religious significance, and artistic motifs that define the splendor of Khajuraho.
HANUMAN STORIES: TIMELESS TEACHINGS FOR TODAY’S WORLDLearnyoga
Hanuman Stories: Timeless Teachings for Today’s World" delves into the inspiring tales of Hanuman, highlighting lessons of devotion, strength, and selfless service that resonate in modern life. These stories illustrate how Hanuman's unwavering faith and courage can guide us through challenges and foster resilience. Through these timeless narratives, readers can find profound wisdom to apply in their daily lives.
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs – Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 – 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
1. SURVEY OF INDIA Maurya, Gupta, & Mughal Pallava & Chola 321BCE - 1700CE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_India.svg Green, white, & saffron, with a 24-spoked Dharmachakra of Ashoka, one for each hour.
3. ASHOKA & THE MAURYA EMPIRE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ashoka2.jpg 304 - 232BCE -Ashoka the Great after witnessing the destruction he caused with the Kalinga war. “ What have I done?” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MauryanCoin.JPG Punch-mark coins of silver, showing Buddhist symbols like the elephant, the dharmachakra, the Bodhi tree, and burial mound. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EdictsOfAshoka.jpg Image courtesy PHGCOM Photo courtesy Rajeev Kumar http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Asokanpillar2.jpg A pillar edict containing Buddhist-related messages. Buddhist Period http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblem_of_India Image courtesy Miljoshi
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5. SANCHI Source: Monuments of India Images courtesy Michael D. Gunther / www.art-and-archaeology.com Stupas, or “heaps” from the Sanskrit and Pali translations, were mounds of earth covered in masonry (bricks and stones) that were hemispherical in form. These funerary structures also could contain Buddhist relics. The “evolution” of the stupa can be seen in architectural forms in China, Korea, Sri Lanka, SE Asia, Tibet, and even Japan (pagodas). Aniconism
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Giant_Wild_Goose_Pagoda.jpg Giant Wild Goose Pagoda: Xi’an, China Photo courtesy Alex Kwok Photo courtesy Michael Reeve http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Temple_Miruksa.jpg Mireuksa Jiseoktap: Iksan, South Korea Photo courtesy Hyo lee http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bangkok_Grand_Palace.JPG Photo courtesy Luca Gorlero Wat Phra Kaeo: Bangkok, Thailand http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Shwedagon-Pano.jpg Photo couresy Ralf-André Lettau Shwedagon Zedi Daw: Yangon, Burma Toji Gojyunotou: Kyoto, Japan http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Toji-temple-kyoto.jpg FROM STUPA TO PAGODA Mahayana & Theravada http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pha_That_Luang%2C_Vientiane%2C_Laos.jpg Pha That Luang: Vientiane, Laos Photo courtesy Aaron Smith
7. PAGODA: MODERN DERIVATIVES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:101.portrait.altonthompson.jpg Taipei 101: Taipei, Taiwan Photo courtesy Alton.arts http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Torres_Petronas_Mayo_2004.jpg Petronas Towers: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Photo courtesy Ángel Riesgo Martínez http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Skyscrapercompare.svg Image courtesy Greyengine5 & Antilived
8. AJANTA CAVES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Aurangabad_-_Ajanta_Caves_%2836%29.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Aurangabad_-_Ajanta_Caves_%2855%29.JPG http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ajanta_viewpoint.jpg Photo courtesy Ashok http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Indischer_version3.jpg Pigments were applied on wet plaster so as to absorb the color, and not peel. The works are known as the ‘Jataka Tales’, and depict Buddhist legends and gods. The rock surface of the caves was chiseled to give it a rough surface so that the plaster would stick. Although construction is Maurya, the paintings are Gupta. 2nd Century BCE Ajanta is monastery with both chaitya - grihas (monuments) and viharas (residence halls).
9. SAMUDRAGUPTA & THE GUPTA EMPIRE Hindu Period http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:SamudraguptaCoin.jpg The Golden Age The Gupta period, often referred to as the “Golden Age of India”, was quite similar to the Edo period in Japan, in that it was peaceful and secure, enabling the development of the arts (painted murals of Ajanta), music, and poetry written in Sanskrit (the official language of the empire). Science, mathematics, religion, philosophy and astronomy were other areas of development. Achievements: Over 120 surgical instruments Higher education (Nalanda University) Arabic Numerals Absence of capital punishment Advancements in Algebra Development of ‘Zero’ and ‘Infinity’ Samadragupta Gold Dinars (coins) were composed of eight types, all pure gold. Kumaragupta http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KumaraguptaFightingLion.jpg Chandragutpa II http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ChandraguptaIIOnHorse.jpg Photos courtesy PHGCOM http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Iron-pillar.jpg The mysterious Iron Pillar Photo courtesy Nataraja
10. Photos courtesy Bryonic501 http://www.flickr.com/photos/byronic501/ DASHAVATARA TEMPLE Moksha Panel Lakshmi & Vishnu The 5 Pandav Brothers Located in Orissa, the temple is a cubic cella. It is a holy place called garbha griha (womb chamber) covered with sculptured panels depicting Hindu myths about Krishna, Ram, Vishnu, Nara, and Narayana. Being a residence of a god, Deogarh causes us to question basic assumptions of architecture.
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14. KHAJURAHO Hindu and Jain temples in North Central India, built between 950-1050CE. The temples are famous for their erotic sculpture. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Kandariya_mahadeva_temple.jpg Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is the most ornate, and the largest temple of the complex. It is one of the most popular tourist sites in all of India.
15. Shah Jahan & The Taj Mahal Photo courtesy Amal Mongia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:TajMahalbyAmalMongia.jpg AKBAR & THE MOGHUL EMPIRE Islamic Period (Monotheism) To be discussed with Islam…
16. AKBAR & THE MOGHUL EMPIRE 'Lal Haveli’ - The Red Fort (bungalow) of Agra Photo courtesy Vasant Dave http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:RedFortAgra-Jahangir-Mahal-20080211-3.jpg Photos courtesy Hans A. Rosbach http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:RedFortAgra-Jahangir-Mahal-20080211-2.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:RedFortAgra-Jahangir-Mahal-20080211-1.jpg Jahangir Mahal
17. INDIAN FASHIONS A Hindu and a Moslem - 1860, Bengal A Kurta for either men or women, is a long-sleeve collarless shirt, usually fabricated in wool, cotton, or silk depending on the season. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dom_man2_kurta_eastbengal1860.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Muslim_scholar2_in_kurta1860eastbengal.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Nehru.gif A Nehru jacked has a Mandarin collar, and is for either men or women. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sherwani.jpg The Sherwani is a long coat that shows influence from the British frock coat. The felt hat is called a Fez .
18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sari1847.jpg A Sari is unstitched cloth for females, which is draped over the shoulders, and wrapped around the waist. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Churidar.jpg Churidar pants are visible through transparent skirts. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jaipur-India_n001.jpg Photo coutesy Steve Evans Symbols of modesty, Dupatta scarves over Salwar Kameez. INDIAN FASHIONS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MoghulWomen2.jpg Choli with lehnga skirt
21. MADURAI: A DRAVIDIAN STYLE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Maduraitemple.jpg Photo courtesy McKay Savage http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Madurai_02.jpg Photo courtesy Bernard Gagnon Minakshi Sundareshvara Temple (1623-1659) is located in Madurai, an historic temple city in the south of India. The architecture of Southern India is often referred to as ‘Dravidian’ as opposed to the Northern style known as ‘ Nagara’ . The ornate towers of the complex are known as Gopurams . They are stucco, painted with vivid polychrome pigments. Visitors walk amongst the granite columns of the portico.
22. Temple Complex Plan Image courtesy Michael D. Gunther / www.art-and-archaeology.com MADURAI: A DRAVIDIAN STYLE
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24. Questions 1.Who was Ashoka the Great? 2. What is a Gopuram? Where is it used? 3. What is the chronological order of these 5 empires? Gupta, Mughal, Maurya, Pallava, Chola 4. What is the function of a stupa? Materials? How did it evolve over time? 5. Can you give an example of Hindu architecture? What features does it have? 6. What domestic materials were used for Indian fashion? 7. Name some of the leit-motifs used in Indian design. Do they have symbolic meaning? 8. Explain the term Dravidian. What is an example of Dravidian design? 9. What are some differences between Buddhism and Hinduism? 10. How is the Mandala used in design?