The document provides an overview of Islam, including its history, key figures, beliefs, and architecture. It discusses the origins and spread of Islam under Muhammad in the 7th century CE. It then summarizes the major Islamic caliphates and empires that arose between the 8th-16th centuries in regions like West Asia, North Africa, Spain, India, and West Africa. The document also describes prominent architectural features of mosques and Islamic religious practices.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
MINBAR
Platform in a mosque, placed next to the mihrab. The minbar is used with the khutba, the Friday sermon, and the khatib (the person performing the Friday sermon) ascends it.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
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OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
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G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
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UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
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MADRASSA
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MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
An introductory presentation about Islamic Art History, focusing on the Islamic architecture aesthetics throughout different eras and geographical locations.
This presentation has been presented as a part of Art History 1 course at Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia.
COMMON INTERPRETATIONS OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
D
OME OF ROCK , JERUSALAM
•
G
REAT MOSQUE OF SAMARA AND CORODB DB A
•
UMMAYAD MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE OF DAMASCUS)
•
MADRASSA
•
MADRASSA OF SULTAN
Islamic Architecture from early Medieval to Ottoman: It encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day. What today is known as Islamic architecture was influenced by Roman, Byzantine and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries.
An introductory presentation about Islamic Art History, focusing on the Islamic architecture aesthetics throughout different eras and geographical locations.
This presentation has been presented as a part of Art History 1 course at Universiti Malaysia Sabah in Malaysia.
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The Dome of the Rock: is one of the most important monuments in Palestine. it is one of the places on which the prophet ascended on his journey of glamour and festival.it is therefore an important monument of the history of Islam architecture. Its features enhance its beauty, It also shows us how much attention they have taken towards king Ibn Marwan and others besides.
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4 DAYS MASAI MARA WILDEBEEST MIGRATION SAFARI TOUR PACKAGE KENYABush Troop Safari
Join our 4-day Masai Mara Wildebeest Migration Safari in Kenya. Witness the incredible wildebeest migration, enjoy exciting game drives, and stay in comfortable lodges. Get up close and personal with one of nature's most amazing exhibits! Book Your Safari Today at - https://bushtroop-safaris.com/
How To Change Name On Volaris Ticket.pdfnamechange763
How to change name on Volaris ticket? This is one of the most common questions asked by travelers flying with Volaris Airlines. The mentioned details can help you with your name rectification on the airline ticket. If you are still facing difficulties call the consolidation desk at +1-800-865-1848.
During the coldest months, Italy transforms into a winter wonderland, providing visitors with a very unique experience. From the Settimana Bianca ski event to the lively Carnevale celebrations, Italy's winter festivities provide something for everyone. Enjoy hot cocoa, eat hearty comfort foods, and buy during winter deals. Explore the country's rich cultural past by participating in Settimana Bianca, and Carnevale, sipping hot chocolate, shopping during winter deals, and indulging in winter comfort foods. Visit our website https://timeforsicily.com/ for more information.
Its running cost is among the diverse vital aspects you must consider before buying an electric scooter. Calculate the cost of getting e-scooter charge for your regular usage to calculate its economic efficiency, similar to people who investigate the mileage of petrol or diesel-driven scooters.
LUXURY TRAVEL THE ULTIMATE TOKYO EXPERIENCE FROM SINGAPORE.pdfDiper Tour
Get off on the most luxurious Tokyo itinerary from Singapore. Experience Tokyo’s sophisticated modernism and rich tradition with first-class travel, sumptuous lodging, fine food, and special tours. Savor the finest that this energetic city has to offer for an experience that will never be forgotten.
How To Talk To a Live Person at American Airlinesflyn goo
This page by FlynGoo can become your ultimate guide to connecting with a live person at American Airlines. Have you ever felt lost in the automated maze of customer service menus? FlynGoo is here to rescue you from endless phone trees and automated responses. With just a click or a call to a specific number, we ensure you get the human touch you deserve. No more frustration, no more waiting on hold - we simplify the process, making your travel experience smoother and more enjoyable.
Discover Palmer, Puerto Rico, through an immersive cultural tour that unveils its rich history and vibrant traditions. Experience lively festivals, savor authentic cuisine, and explore local markets. Visit historical landmarks, museums, and stunning colonial architecture. Engage with friendly locals, enjoy live music, and hike scenic nature trails, all while participating in cultural workshops and discovering unique artisan crafts.
Discover the wonders of the Wenatchee River with a variety of river tours in Monitor, WA. Whether you're seeking thrilling whitewater rafting, peaceful kayaking, family-friendly float trips, or scenic sunset cruises, there's something for everyone. Enjoy fishing, wildlife spotting, bird watching, and more in this beautiful natural setting, perfect for outdoor enthusiasts and families alike.
London Country Tours, the foremost travel partner offers customized Stonehenge tours from London coming with private tour guides and direct access to the inner circles. Visit: https://www.londoncountrytours.co.uk/tour/tours-to-stonehenge-oxford/
The Power of a Glamping Go-To-Market Accelerator Plan.pptxRezStream
Unlock the secrets to success with our comprehensive 8-Step Glamping Accelerator Go-To-Market Plan! Watch our FREE webinar, where you'll receive expert guidance and invaluable insights on every aspect of launching and growing your glamping business.
Antarctica- Icy wilderness of extremes and wondertahreemzahra82
In this presentation, we delve into the captivating realm of Antarctica, Earth's southernmost continent. This icy wilderness stands as a testament to extremes, with record-breaking cold temperatures and vast expanses of pristine ice. Antarctica's landscape is dominated by towering glaciers, colossal icebergs, and expansive ice shelves. Yet, amidst this frozen expanse, a rich tapestry of unique wildlife thrives, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, all finely attuned to survive in this harsh environment. Beyond its natural wonders, Antarctica also serves as a vital hub for scientific exploration, providing invaluable insights into climate change and the Earth's history
2. ISLAM TODAY http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Muslim_distribution.png There are over 1 billion Muslims worldwide, of which 85% are Sunni and 15% are Shiite, although these figures are surely not exact. This accounts for over 20% of the world’s population. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:MuslimDistribution2.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Islam
3. ISLAM EXPANSION http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Age_of_Caliphs.png A Caliph is the head of the Caliphate . Likewise, a Sultan is the head of a Sultanate . Although they are both rulers of an Islamic Empire, the difference is that a Caliph must be a successor of Muhammad the prophet. The 500 year span from 700CE to 1200CE is known as the Islamic Golden Age.
6. KAABA Photo courtesy G.M Farooq Cuboidal form located inside the mosque at al-Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The mosque was build around the structure. The Kaaba is made of domestic materials - granite on a marble base specifically, and is masonry architecture. In terms of orientation, the four corners point to the four cardinal directions. The structure is covered in black silk and golden embroidery (a Kiswah ), with calligraphic text taken from the Qur’an.This covering is changed annually. http://www.sxc.hu/photo/985250 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hajj1.gif
8. ISLAM IN IRAQ: THE ABBASID CALIPHATE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Spiral_minar_samarra.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Samaraa_Grand_Mosque_-_Map.GIF Built in 848-852CE of baked bricks, the Great Mosque of Samarra is known for its 52m spiral minaret (Malwiyya). The Mihrab is located on the interior of the South (Qibla) wall.
9. ISLAM IN SPAIN: IBERIAN MOORS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Muslims_of_Spain.jpg Red and white striped arches are stylistic trademarks of the Moorish empire in Spain. A building of many metamorphosis, La Mezquita was first a temple, subsequently a mosque, and finally a Catholic cathedral. Photo courtesy Jialiang Gao Islamic forms of government controlled the peninsula for around 800 years, from Emirates to Caliphates (Umayyad and Hammadid) La Mezquita of Cordoba
10. ISLAM IN SPAIN: IBERIAN MOORS Alhambra citadel/palace of Granada http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atauriques.jpg Photo courtesy Yves Remedios http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Patio_de_los_Arrayanes.jpg Photo courtesy Jan Zeschky http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:80525560_0eb2c1d54a_o.jpg Photo courtesy Comakut The Court of the Lions “ The Red One” as it is called, was built towards the end of Muslim rule, from around 1338-1390.
11. ISLAM IN SPAIN: IBERIAN MOORS Photo courtesy Javier Carro http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Arabescos_en_la_Alhambra.JPG Alhambra citadel/palace of Granada http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tassellatura_alhambra.jpg Photo courtesy Gruban Tessellation: A repeated shape that covers a plane, without overlap. Arabesques: Plant and/or animal forms in an elaborate, geometric pattern. Repetition is a key quality of the style.
14. ISLAM IN MALI: TIMBUKTU The University of Timbuktu (from the 1400’s) is comprised of three mosques/Madrasahs: Sankoré, Djinguereber, and Sidi Yahya. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Mosqueetombou_01.JPG The Minaret of Djingareyber was constructed with mudbrick and Toron stakes (Acacia wood). Stakes act as permanent scaffolding for repair. Photo courtesy Upyernoz http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Sankore_Mosque_in_Timbuktu.jpg Sankoré Sidi Yahya http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Medersa_Sankore.jpg Photo courtesy KaTeznik
15. MANSA MUSA & ASKIA THE GREAT http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mansa_Musa.jpg A devout Muslim, Mansa Musa ruled the Mali Empire from 1312 - 1337 in Niani. His pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca was famous as he gave gold to towns along the way to build mosques. On his return, along with a vast collection of volumes in Arabic, he also brought religious scholars, and even an Arab architect by the name of al-Sahili to help construct islamic palaces, universities, and mosques in Timbuktu and Gao. His style was very influential to the Sudan. As stone was not to be found, wood-reinforced mud was a primary source of material. Another material that became popular for the homes of the wealthy was burnt brick. Other innovations included: flat roofs, pyramidal minaret. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Afryka_1890.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Askia.jpg Photo courtesy Taguelmoust Tomb of Askia (Songhai Emperor) in Gao (late 1400’s) Early West African Kingdoms Ghana Empire: 300-1076CE Mali Empire: 1200 - 1550CE Songhai Empire: 1500 - 1591CE
16. ISLAM IN TURKEY: THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE Section view http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hagia-Sophia-Laengsschnitt.jpg Plan view Hagia Sophia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Hagia-Sophia-Grundriss.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Aya_sofya.jpg Photo courtesy Saperaud http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg The structure was converted into a mosque around 1453, when Constantinople was conquered by the Turks.
17. MINARETS The Blue Mosque: Istanbul, Turkey Photo courtesy Daniel Duchon
18. GEOMETRIC FORM The use of geometric patterns is a common device with Islamic design. These patterns are thought to be spiritual. Circles, like Allah, are considered infinite. Repetition (symbolic of unending) of motifs is widespread, showing again this infinite quality on both large and small scales. The Arabesque (plant) motif is a popular choice. http://www.sxc.hu/photo/1006633 Istanbul
21. MIHRAB Photo courtesy Radomil Binek http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Haga_Sofia_RB5.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Pórtico_del_Mirhab_.jpg Hagia Sophia: Istanbul, Turkey La Alferia: Zaragoza, Spain A niche “doorway” oriented to Mecca, Mihrabs function as spiritual portals for prayers aimed at the Kaaba. This direction is known as Qibla .
23. ISLAM IN INDIA: AGRA & THE MUGHAL EMPIRE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Taj_Mahal_in_March_2004.jpg Photo courtesy Dhirad http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:TajCalligraphy3.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Shahjahan.jpg Shah Jahan Completed around 1648
24. FASHION http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Woman_walking_in_Afghanistan.jpg Photo courtesy Steve Evans Burqa : Ladies garment (long pleated gown) which envelopes the entire body.This picture was taken in Afghanistan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Muslim_woman_in_Yemen.jpg Photo courtesy Steve Evans This Yemenese woman is wearing a Niqab, or veil to cover her face.
25. FASHION http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Women_in_shiraz_2.jpg Women in Iran wear a Chador , which is a full-length piece of fabric that is held together by the hands. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sabaa_Nissan_Militiaman.jpg Photo courtesy Christiaan Briggs Iraqi man wearing a Keffiyeh , or traditional cotton headdress. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Agal.jpg Photo courtesy F.Dany Bahraini man wearing Agal.