This document discusses a survey of household solid waste management in Malaysia. The survey examined household awareness and practices related to waste collection and minimization. Key findings include:
- Most respondents (74%) were aware that waste management had been privatized, though many did not know the name of the concessionaire. Knowledge of collection schedules was lower, with only 43% aware that collection occurred twice weekly.
- Respondents generally had good knowledge of waste issues and health consequences but complained that collection schedules were often not adhered to. Lack of awareness, knowledge and enforcement were seen as major causes of waste problems.
- Facilities and services for waste minimization like reuse, recycling and composting were felt
Assessing ‘3Rs’ Model in Relation to Municipal Solid Waste Management in Wa, ...Dr. Kenneth Peprah
This document assesses the implementation of the '3Rs' (reduce, reuse, recycle) model for municipal solid waste management in Wa, Ghana over eight years since 2006. It finds that while individuals and households continue usual waste handling and 80% of management is outsourced, there are limited efforts to directly reduce waste or increase reuse and recycling beyond scrap metals and plastics. Effective waste management requires reducing responsibility of municipalities and increasing participation across sectors, but developing regions face challenges around skills, technology, and resources without partnerships between regions. The '3Rs' model remains a useful strategy if fully implemented.
The document discusses integrated solid waste management for sustainable development in Kalmunai Municipality. It introduces integrated solid waste management and sustainable development. It discusses the relationship between the two concepts and notes that proper waste management is key to environmental sustainability. The study aims to assess the significance of integrated solid waste management for sustainable development in the municipality, which currently struggles without a proper landfill and has not achieved recycling targets. The methodology, data analysis, recommendations are also summarized.
This document describes a field experiment conducted in Delhi, India to test the effectiveness of different policies for reducing plastic bag usage. The researchers tested interventions including providing information about alternatives to plastic bags, a cash-back scheme for using non-plastic bags, and providing bag substitutes. They found that these interventions significantly increased use of reusable bags, reducing plastic bag usage from 80.8% to 57.1% of consumers on average. The study concludes that in developing countries where enforcement of bans may be difficult, a combination of low-cost incentives and information campaigns could be more effective than a blanket ban alone at changing consumer behavior and reducing plastic waste.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Political ecology of environmental management; a critical review of some rele...caxtonk2008
Introduction
The tremendous increase in the scale of human impact on earth together with our increased although imperfect understanding of ecological processes means that the environment can no longer viewed as a relatively stable background factor. Rather the interaction between economic development and complex and often fragile ecosystems on which that development depends has become a major political issue both locally and globally (Maigua & Musyimi, n.d.).
It is no longer possible to treat ecology and politics as separate spheres. The institutions that matter most are no longer specifically environmental but rather are the core institutions that govern or at least seek to govern the workings of the world politics and economy. A major focus is actually the integration of environmental concerns into the sphere of economic planning and policy making rather than the development of an entirely separate thus peripheral sphere (Maigua & Musyimi, n.d.).
This study therefore aims to make a critical analysis of some important aspects regarding the political ecology of environmental management. Political ecology informs political makers and organizations about the complexities surrounding environment and development thereby contributing to better environmental governance. It helps understand the decisions that communities make about the natural environment in the context of their political environment, economic pressures and societal regulations. Political ecology also looks at how unequal relations in and among societies affects the environment especially in the context of government policy (Grieber, 2009).
The study therefore at various political aspects and their influence on environmental management. Firstly it looks at the issue of environmental democracy and how it influences environmental management. This includes the aspects of participation, environmental justice and information access. It then elaborates environmental governance including global environmental governance and implications on environmental management.
The study then looks at other political aspects of relevance to environmental management including: the global commons, geopolitics, environmental movements and the conduct of politicians. It then looks at trends in the political ecology of Africa and then Kenya specifically. Policy making and how it influences environmental management is then explained. The study then winds up with a review of. The legal and policy frameworks for environmental management in Kenya.
The Challenges of Microfinance Institutions in Empowering Micro and Small Ent...Mercu Buana University
This study aims to examine the challenges of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in empowering micro and small entrepreneur to concern and care not only for the business growth but also the environmental sustainability in their surroundings. Indonesia as developing countries also faces the environmental degradation that contributes by micro and small entrepreneurs. Moreover MFIs have substantial relationships in term to preserve the environment because of the objectives are not only achieve the profit but also balancing with the social (people) and environment (planet) achievement and MFIs clients also micro and small entrepreneur who as the majority contributor of environment degradation in developing countries. The discussion of the paper is determined by three research questions (i) What’s the role of MFIs in preserving the environment? (ii) How the role of corporate governance in MFIs? (iii) How the implementation of corporate governance in MFIs in empowering micro to implementing green activity (Indonesia evidence)? In addition, to ensure the commitment of MFIs should exist corporate governance, which supervise the compliance with Act No.1 2013 related to the sustainability concern from MFIs because until now the impact of the act has not given the significant impact yet because of the importance is not only the existence of regulation but also the consciousness all stakeholders related to comply and implementing of green activity.
Assessing ‘3Rs’ Model in Relation to Municipal Solid Waste Management in Wa, ...Dr. Kenneth Peprah
This document assesses the implementation of the '3Rs' (reduce, reuse, recycle) model for municipal solid waste management in Wa, Ghana over eight years since 2006. It finds that while individuals and households continue usual waste handling and 80% of management is outsourced, there are limited efforts to directly reduce waste or increase reuse and recycling beyond scrap metals and plastics. Effective waste management requires reducing responsibility of municipalities and increasing participation across sectors, but developing regions face challenges around skills, technology, and resources without partnerships between regions. The '3Rs' model remains a useful strategy if fully implemented.
The document discusses integrated solid waste management for sustainable development in Kalmunai Municipality. It introduces integrated solid waste management and sustainable development. It discusses the relationship between the two concepts and notes that proper waste management is key to environmental sustainability. The study aims to assess the significance of integrated solid waste management for sustainable development in the municipality, which currently struggles without a proper landfill and has not achieved recycling targets. The methodology, data analysis, recommendations are also summarized.
This document describes a field experiment conducted in Delhi, India to test the effectiveness of different policies for reducing plastic bag usage. The researchers tested interventions including providing information about alternatives to plastic bags, a cash-back scheme for using non-plastic bags, and providing bag substitutes. They found that these interventions significantly increased use of reusable bags, reducing plastic bag usage from 80.8% to 57.1% of consumers on average. The study concludes that in developing countries where enforcement of bans may be difficult, a combination of low-cost incentives and information campaigns could be more effective than a blanket ban alone at changing consumer behavior and reducing plastic waste.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Political ecology of environmental management; a critical review of some rele...caxtonk2008
Introduction
The tremendous increase in the scale of human impact on earth together with our increased although imperfect understanding of ecological processes means that the environment can no longer viewed as a relatively stable background factor. Rather the interaction between economic development and complex and often fragile ecosystems on which that development depends has become a major political issue both locally and globally (Maigua & Musyimi, n.d.).
It is no longer possible to treat ecology and politics as separate spheres. The institutions that matter most are no longer specifically environmental but rather are the core institutions that govern or at least seek to govern the workings of the world politics and economy. A major focus is actually the integration of environmental concerns into the sphere of economic planning and policy making rather than the development of an entirely separate thus peripheral sphere (Maigua & Musyimi, n.d.).
This study therefore aims to make a critical analysis of some important aspects regarding the political ecology of environmental management. Political ecology informs political makers and organizations about the complexities surrounding environment and development thereby contributing to better environmental governance. It helps understand the decisions that communities make about the natural environment in the context of their political environment, economic pressures and societal regulations. Political ecology also looks at how unequal relations in and among societies affects the environment especially in the context of government policy (Grieber, 2009).
The study therefore at various political aspects and their influence on environmental management. Firstly it looks at the issue of environmental democracy and how it influences environmental management. This includes the aspects of participation, environmental justice and information access. It then elaborates environmental governance including global environmental governance and implications on environmental management.
The study then looks at other political aspects of relevance to environmental management including: the global commons, geopolitics, environmental movements and the conduct of politicians. It then looks at trends in the political ecology of Africa and then Kenya specifically. Policy making and how it influences environmental management is then explained. The study then winds up with a review of. The legal and policy frameworks for environmental management in Kenya.
The Challenges of Microfinance Institutions in Empowering Micro and Small Ent...Mercu Buana University
This study aims to examine the challenges of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in empowering micro and small entrepreneur to concern and care not only for the business growth but also the environmental sustainability in their surroundings. Indonesia as developing countries also faces the environmental degradation that contributes by micro and small entrepreneurs. Moreover MFIs have substantial relationships in term to preserve the environment because of the objectives are not only achieve the profit but also balancing with the social (people) and environment (planet) achievement and MFIs clients also micro and small entrepreneur who as the majority contributor of environment degradation in developing countries. The discussion of the paper is determined by three research questions (i) What’s the role of MFIs in preserving the environment? (ii) How the role of corporate governance in MFIs? (iii) How the implementation of corporate governance in MFIs in empowering micro to implementing green activity (Indonesia evidence)? In addition, to ensure the commitment of MFIs should exist corporate governance, which supervise the compliance with Act No.1 2013 related to the sustainability concern from MFIs because until now the impact of the act has not given the significant impact yet because of the importance is not only the existence of regulation but also the consciousness all stakeholders related to comply and implementing of green activity.
Scavenging as a solid waste management option helps in the reduction of quantum of wastes at dumpsites and expands the life span of landfills. The objective of this paper is to conduct a review of previous works on scavenging as a means of environmental management. The method used is a review of academic/journal articles, internet materials, conference papers and publicly available materials on scavenging as a means of environmental management. Previous authors had a unity of opinion that scavengers recover reusable and recyclables materials (eg. plastics, papers, scraps metals, aluminium) which serve as sources of income for livelihoods. Recommendations of the study includes: (1) safety awareness and health education should be provided to reduce the occupational hazards the scavengers are exposed to in the course of their scavenging activities; (2) people should be made to see scavengers as partners in progress in environmental management which is a collective enterprise; and (3) grants should be given to scavengers to encourage them expand their business considering the role they play in waste management.
Urban solid waste management in ghana an assessment of zoomlion’s approach to...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed Zoomlion's approach to solid waste management in Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study used interviews and surveys to examine waste collection methods. It found that the majority of households (45%) and businesses (76.7%) used communal waste containers for collection. However, 32.2% of households also used improper methods like burning or dumping. The study recommended integrating composting of organic waste and moving toward a holistic waste management system.
This document summarizes a master's dissertation on achieving sustainable solid waste management in developing countries, using a case study of waste management in Namibia's Kavango region. The dissertation identifies concepts for improving waste management, including integrated waste management, partnerships, decentralization, and engaging the informal sector. A literature review finds differences between developing countries mean localized solutions are needed. The case study maps current waste practices, finding households generate low waste amounts with recyclable materials. An assessment shows the current system is unsustainable. The study concludes various concepts could be adopted to improve management in a comprehensive way and complement each other.
Solid Waste Management System: Public-Private Partnership, the Best System fo...IJERA Editor
Solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many
developing countries. Nairobi’s solid waste situation, which could be taken to generally represent the status
which is largely characterized by low coverage of solid waste collection, pollution from uncontrolled dumping
of waste, inefficient public services, unregulated and uncoordinated private sector and lack of key solid waste
management infrastructure. This paper recapitulates on the public-private partnership as the best system for
developing countries; challenges, approaches, practices or systems of SWM, and outcomes or advantages to the
approach; the literature review focuses on surveying information pertaining to existing waste management
methodologies, policies, and research relevant to the SWM. Information was sourced from peer-reviewed
academic literature, grey literature, publicly available waste management plans, and through consultation with
waste management professionals. Literature pertaining to SWM and municipal solid waste minimization,
auditing and management were searched for through online journal databases, particularly Web of Science, and
Science Direct. Legislation pertaining to waste management was also researched using the different databases.
Additional information was obtained from grey literature and textbooks pertaining to waste management topics.
After conducting preliminary research, prevalent references of select sources were identified and scanned for
additional relevant articles. Research was also expanded to include literature pertaining to recycling,
composting, education, and case studies; the manuscript summarizes with future recommendationsin terms
collaborations of public/ private patternships, sensitization of people, privatization is important in improving
processes and modernizing urban waste management, contract private sector, integrated waste management
should be encouraged, provisional government leaders need to alter their mind set, prepare a strategic, integrated
SWM plan for the cities, enact strong and adequate legislation at city and national level, evaluate the real
impacts of waste management systems, utilizing locally based solutions for SWM service delivery and design,
location, management of the waste collection centersand recycling and compositing activities should be
encouraged.
I
Factors Affecting Plastic Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State N...ijtsrd
Plastic waste ubiquity in the environment poses lots of threats to the ecosystem. The improper management of these wastes has led to the deterioration of the aesthetic beauty of the environment, blocking of drainage systems thereby causing an overflow of water, loss of aquatic life, reduction of soil fertility, pollution of water bodies. Therefore this study was aimed at determining the factors affecting plastic waste management in Enugu Metropolis using a survey design method. Data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis PCA . Results showed that governmental, attitudinal, political, and economic factors are the factors that affect plastic waste management in Enugu Metropolis. Attitudinal change by the public towards the use of plastic products and management of its corresponding waste is necessary. This can be achieved through awareness creation on the environmental impact of plastic waste. Enactment of strong policies on plastic waste by the government, with the implementation of strict enforcement restraining orders, is fundamental. Onyebueke, Ogechukwu O | Onwuka, Shalom U "Factors Affecting Plastic Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35885.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/35885/factors-affecting-plastic-waste-management-in-enugu-metropolis-enugu-state-nigeria/onyebueke-ogechukwu-o
Challenges of solid waste management in Zimbabwe: a case study of Sakubva hig...Premier Publishers
The objectives of the study were to assess the current status on household solid waste management challenges of collection and disposal. The research employed both quantitative (in form of questionnaires) and qualitative (in form of interviews) methodologies. Field visits and observations were done on residential areas and open dumpsites. The research found that there are lots of challenges that are faced by residents and these range from collection, methods of disposal and the involvement of other key stakeholders. The results revealed that the challenges in poor refuse collection were attributed to serious shortage of refuse equipment, and shortage of proper receptacles. Recycling strategies seemed to be nonexistent as revealed by low percentages of residents who practice it. Since council does not collect waste as often as it should, residents dispose waste through the traditional and unsustainable ways such as backyard incinerator, burying, burning and illegal open dumps. With rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical. It was recommended that councils should extend coverage to all areas, increase their refuse collection frequency, provide receptacles to residents and raise awareness campaigns on recycling and sustainable solid waste disposal. There is need for involvement by private sector and NGOs in solid waste management.
Awareness, Attitudes, Barriers, And Drivers Towards Adoption Of Low-Waste, Su...Ajinkya Chikte
- The document discusses a study on awareness, attitudes, barriers, and drivers towards adoption of low-waste and sustainable lifestyle solutions among middle-class Indian consumers.
- It finds that awareness of waste issues does not greatly affect intent or purchase of sustainable products. Demographic and psychographic factors are more influential.
- The assumptions of the Homebox Express sustainable subscription service were incorrect. Marketing needs to be realigned based on the new findings and deeper qualitative research is needed.
Challenges of solid waste management in zimbabwe a case study of sakubva hig...charlschoto
This document summarizes a study on the challenges of solid waste management in Sakubva, a high-density suburb of Mutare, Zimbabwe. The study found several challenges: poor refuse collection due to shortages of equipment and proper receptacles; low rates of recycling; and residents resorting to unsustainable waste disposal like burning and dumping due to infrequent council collection. Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the problems. The researchers recommend the council improve collection coverage and frequency, provide more receptacles, increase recycling awareness, and involve the private sector and NGOs more in management.
Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Management Service Delivery System and Po...Premier Publishers
Municipal SWM problems are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency and becoming more pronounced in recent years, as a result of inadequate collection and disposal of wastes in cities, especially; in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of municipal solid waste management service delivery system and policy issues in Debre Markos town through field visit, discussions with residents and staffs of municipal administration. The Findings showed that, the municipality lacks institutional, financial and technical capacities. Solid waste collection and disposal services are inadequate and waste was disposed improperly which creates unhealthy environment. For effective solid waste management, there should be proper service delivery system with qualified personnel, modern vehicles and equipment. There should also be improvement of institutional structure and implementation of integrated MSWM involving private service providers and other stakeholders.
Application of an integrative approach for municipal solid waste management a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an article that assesses municipal solid waste management in Abuja, Nigeria and Putrajaya, Malaysia using an integrated solid waste management system approach. The study aims to adopt a conceptual model for efficient and sustainable solid waste management in Abuja based on comparing it to Putrajaya. The integrated solid waste management system recognizes three important dimensions: stakeholders, waste system elements like collection and disposal, and sustainability.
Solid waste management practices of households in the university of eastern p...Alexander Decker
This academic article summarizes a study on solid waste management practices of households in the University of Eastern Philippines. The study found that the types of waste generated differed between households, with plastics being the primary waste in one zone and kitchen waste predominant in two other zones. Waste collection was generally regular but with varying schedules between zones. Identified problems included insufficient waste collection equipment, lack of proper disposal practices and government support. Recommendations included improving waste separation and collection, educating communities, and exploring composting and recycling options.
Assessment of Existing Solid Waste management Practices and Challenges: The C...mowlid hassan hirsi
Solid waste is one of the most common challenges faced by many different countries. However, developing countries are suffering more than the developed countries when it comes to managing solid waste management. Jig-jiga City, like other cities in developing countries, faces problems associated with poorly managed solid waste operation. The study concerns about the Assessment of the current solid waste management and practices and challenges. The survey was conducted in 03 from commercial areas and 06 from residential area with total sample size of 298 households. Different sampling methods were employed to select the study units including: stratified sampling, systematic random sampling, and purposive sampling. Though the bulk of the data collected were qualitative in nature, it was also supported by quantitative information collected through survey and secondary sources. The study discovered that there is low performance of SWM in the city mainly due to: lack of properly designed collection system and time schedule, inadequate and malfunctioning operation equipment, open burning of refuse, poor condition of the final dumpsite and less awareness creation among community which encouraged illegal dumping are the technical problem identified. Insufficient budget and funds as well as lack of promotion on waste reduction, recycling, absence of waste recovery, practice of energy option, waste separation and composting are among the management challenges facing the city. Social problems encountered include: lack of public awareness, unwillingness to pay, ill dumping manner (often around residence and any open spaces) and improper outlook for waste workers. Incompetence of organizations in terms of equipment required for operation and man power /staff qualifications, training and human resource developments and unreliable service are the institutional challenge that the city encountered in the sector. Finally, the study forwarded some important recommendations towards improving the waste management practice.
How to design a household waste management training curriculumyayansudrajatunindra
The document discusses the design of a training curriculum for household waste management in Indonesia. It begins by outlining the research methodology used and the key findings of designing such a curriculum. These include that the curriculum can be viewed as a substance, system, or field of study. It then provides background on the importance of proper waste management for environmental and public health. Current practices and challenges in Indonesia are examined, highlighting the need for better management of waste as a resource. The conclusion emphasizes that training local communities on waste management curriculum is crucial to addressing Indonesia's waste problems.
This study examined the influence of environmental knowledge, attitudes, environmental concern, and social influence on the green purchase intentions of American and Chinese consumers. A survey was conducted in Shanghai, China with 200 American and 200 Chinese consumers. The results found a significant relationship between the independent variables and green purchase intention. Significant differences were also found between the individualistic American consumers and collectivistic Chinese consumers, except for environmental concern. The study provides recommendations for marketers based on the findings.
The document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. It finds that 350 tons of solid waste are generated daily, but only 210 tons are collected and properly disposed of. The remaining 140 tons are improperly dumped in drains, open spaces and water bodies, polluting the environment and posing health risks. Food and vegetable waste make up 70% of the solid waste stream. The management system is inadequate due to lack of resources, technology and public awareness. Improper waste disposal leads to pollution, flooding and disease transmission. Better management is needed such as increased collection and use of waste-to-energy technologies.
Influence of formal institutions on solid waste disposal in newly created tow...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study on the influence of formal institutions on solid waste disposal in Bukedea Town Council, Uganda. It finds that:
1) The town council's legislation, policies, and regulations were found to be inadequate and ineffective in influencing solid waste disposal, as they were irrelevant, lacked enforcement, and did not address the issues.
2) Interviews with key informants like health officials and local leaders found that the existing laws were outdated and not enforced due to lack of staff recruitment by the town council.
3) A majority of respondents through questionnaires disagreed that the laws were adequate and noted a lack of enforcement, showing legislation had little effectiveness in regulating solid waste disposal.
The document outlines Kokab Jabeen's internship report for her work with the Sialkot Urban Resource Center, including descriptions of the organization's programs and projects, her responsibilities in community-based solid waste management field work, and her experience working with and learning from her focal person Mr. Moeen Qadir during the internship. The report provides details of her activities and lessons learned from participating in the internship program.
Governance for Sustainable Development, Paths of development, Sustainability, protection and creation, Requirements of sustainability, Pillars of sustainable development, Good governance, Elements of Good Governance, Transition management
Integrating Environmental Accounting in Agro-Allied and Manufacturing Indust...IJMER
ONLY WHEN THE LAST TREE IS CUT, ONLY WHEN THE LAST RIVER IS POLLUTED, ONLY WHEN THE LAST FISH IS CAUGHT, ONLY THEN WILL THEY REALIZE THAT YOU CANNOT EAT MONEY’ American proverb
Due to growing awareness and concern on the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, there is an
increasing trend to judge organizations in relation to the community in which it operates. The impact of the activities on the environment with regard to pollution of water, air, land and abuse of natural resources are coming under scrutiny of governments, stakeholders and citizens. Education is considered the key to effective development strategies and TVET institutions then must be the master
key that can alleviate poverty, promote peace, conserve the environment, improve the quality of life
for all and help achieve sustainable development. Unless proper accounting work is done, it cannot be determined that both have been fulfilling their responsibilities. The aim of the study was to explore whether distinctive processes of environmental accounting are possible in agro-allied and
manufacturing industries with a view to enhancing sustainability. To accomplish this aim, this research explores environmental accountability practices in TVET institutions. This paper is in part of an exploratory research project and it is limited in that it attempts to be illuminative and theoretically driven. The paper aims to prove that environmental reporting and disclosure will
enable in agro-allied and manufacturing industries undertake a major transformation that includes
approaches that harmonize economic prosperity, environmental conservation and social well-being.
However, while strategies for achieving this goal are not widespread, a range of international experiences is beginning to suggest ways forward. These initiatives include national TVET policy reforms, green campus, green curriculum, green community, green research and green culture. The paper includes suggested templates that can be useful in agro-allied and manufacturing industries
A REVIEW ON THE SUCCESS FACTORS FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MA...Kelly Lipiec
Community participation is key to the success of solid waste management. Effective communication among
stakeholders and welcoming new community participants are important success factors. Communication allows
understanding of issues to develop and identification of conflicts. Welcoming participants openly and valuing their
contributions encourages ongoing involvement.
Challenges Faced by the Media in an Attempt to Play Their Roles in Public Awa...ijtsrd
This study set out to examine challenges faced by the media in their attempt to play their roles in public awareness on waste management in Buea and Douala in the Southwest and Littoral Regions of Cameroon. The study was supported by the Agenda Setting Theory 1972 by McCombs and Shaw, Knowledge Gap Theory 1970 by Philip Tichenor, George Donohue and Claire Olien, and the Transtheoretical Model also called the Stages of Change Model developed by Prochaska and Diclemente, 1970 . It employed a concurrent nested mixed method combining quantitative and qualitative approaches in a survey design. The estimated sample size comprised of 415 community members involved in the study conveniently. As for other stakeholders, notably, Community Leaders, Media Houses, Waste Disposal Companies and Municipal Councils, they were sampled purposively and conveniently. The study was stratified between French and English speaking Cameroon. Data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire and analyzed based on frequency, proportions and the process of thematic analysis. The qualitative approach was substantiated by the positivism paradigm considering qualitative interpretation as the dominant theoretical perspective. The main challenge was poor or no audience, that is people not interested in news related to waste management, environment, hygiene and sanitation and inadequate coverage. They suggested as response measures adequate sensitization and education of the communities on waste management more attractive slots and time, programmes or mechanisms to gain the attention of people. It was recommended that social media, community radio and television should be further used to create awareness on issues concerning waste disposal and management, and helping media to be adequately equipped. Agbor Vivan Ada | Mpoche Kizitus Nformi | Atenga Thomas Ireneé | Nana Célestin "Challenges Faced by the Media in an Attempt to Play Their Roles in Public Awareness on Waste Management in Buea and Douala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63429.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/63429/challenges-faced-by-the-media-in-an-attempt-to-play-their-roles-in-public-awareness-on-waste-management-in-buea-and-douala/agbor-vivan-ada
Scavenging as a solid waste management option helps in the reduction of quantum of wastes at dumpsites and expands the life span of landfills. The objective of this paper is to conduct a review of previous works on scavenging as a means of environmental management. The method used is a review of academic/journal articles, internet materials, conference papers and publicly available materials on scavenging as a means of environmental management. Previous authors had a unity of opinion that scavengers recover reusable and recyclables materials (eg. plastics, papers, scraps metals, aluminium) which serve as sources of income for livelihoods. Recommendations of the study includes: (1) safety awareness and health education should be provided to reduce the occupational hazards the scavengers are exposed to in the course of their scavenging activities; (2) people should be made to see scavengers as partners in progress in environmental management which is a collective enterprise; and (3) grants should be given to scavengers to encourage them expand their business considering the role they play in waste management.
Urban solid waste management in ghana an assessment of zoomlion’s approach to...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed Zoomlion's approach to solid waste management in Wa Municipality, Ghana. The study used interviews and surveys to examine waste collection methods. It found that the majority of households (45%) and businesses (76.7%) used communal waste containers for collection. However, 32.2% of households also used improper methods like burning or dumping. The study recommended integrating composting of organic waste and moving toward a holistic waste management system.
This document summarizes a master's dissertation on achieving sustainable solid waste management in developing countries, using a case study of waste management in Namibia's Kavango region. The dissertation identifies concepts for improving waste management, including integrated waste management, partnerships, decentralization, and engaging the informal sector. A literature review finds differences between developing countries mean localized solutions are needed. The case study maps current waste practices, finding households generate low waste amounts with recyclable materials. An assessment shows the current system is unsustainable. The study concludes various concepts could be adopted to improve management in a comprehensive way and complement each other.
Solid Waste Management System: Public-Private Partnership, the Best System fo...IJERA Editor
Solid waste management (SWM) is a major public health and environmental concern in urban areas of many
developing countries. Nairobi’s solid waste situation, which could be taken to generally represent the status
which is largely characterized by low coverage of solid waste collection, pollution from uncontrolled dumping
of waste, inefficient public services, unregulated and uncoordinated private sector and lack of key solid waste
management infrastructure. This paper recapitulates on the public-private partnership as the best system for
developing countries; challenges, approaches, practices or systems of SWM, and outcomes or advantages to the
approach; the literature review focuses on surveying information pertaining to existing waste management
methodologies, policies, and research relevant to the SWM. Information was sourced from peer-reviewed
academic literature, grey literature, publicly available waste management plans, and through consultation with
waste management professionals. Literature pertaining to SWM and municipal solid waste minimization,
auditing and management were searched for through online journal databases, particularly Web of Science, and
Science Direct. Legislation pertaining to waste management was also researched using the different databases.
Additional information was obtained from grey literature and textbooks pertaining to waste management topics.
After conducting preliminary research, prevalent references of select sources were identified and scanned for
additional relevant articles. Research was also expanded to include literature pertaining to recycling,
composting, education, and case studies; the manuscript summarizes with future recommendationsin terms
collaborations of public/ private patternships, sensitization of people, privatization is important in improving
processes and modernizing urban waste management, contract private sector, integrated waste management
should be encouraged, provisional government leaders need to alter their mind set, prepare a strategic, integrated
SWM plan for the cities, enact strong and adequate legislation at city and national level, evaluate the real
impacts of waste management systems, utilizing locally based solutions for SWM service delivery and design,
location, management of the waste collection centersand recycling and compositing activities should be
encouraged.
I
Factors Affecting Plastic Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State N...ijtsrd
Plastic waste ubiquity in the environment poses lots of threats to the ecosystem. The improper management of these wastes has led to the deterioration of the aesthetic beauty of the environment, blocking of drainage systems thereby causing an overflow of water, loss of aquatic life, reduction of soil fertility, pollution of water bodies. Therefore this study was aimed at determining the factors affecting plastic waste management in Enugu Metropolis using a survey design method. Data obtained were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis PCA . Results showed that governmental, attitudinal, political, and economic factors are the factors that affect plastic waste management in Enugu Metropolis. Attitudinal change by the public towards the use of plastic products and management of its corresponding waste is necessary. This can be achieved through awareness creation on the environmental impact of plastic waste. Enactment of strong policies on plastic waste by the government, with the implementation of strict enforcement restraining orders, is fundamental. Onyebueke, Ogechukwu O | Onwuka, Shalom U "Factors Affecting Plastic Waste Management in Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35885.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/35885/factors-affecting-plastic-waste-management-in-enugu-metropolis-enugu-state-nigeria/onyebueke-ogechukwu-o
Challenges of solid waste management in Zimbabwe: a case study of Sakubva hig...Premier Publishers
The objectives of the study were to assess the current status on household solid waste management challenges of collection and disposal. The research employed both quantitative (in form of questionnaires) and qualitative (in form of interviews) methodologies. Field visits and observations were done on residential areas and open dumpsites. The research found that there are lots of challenges that are faced by residents and these range from collection, methods of disposal and the involvement of other key stakeholders. The results revealed that the challenges in poor refuse collection were attributed to serious shortage of refuse equipment, and shortage of proper receptacles. Recycling strategies seemed to be nonexistent as revealed by low percentages of residents who practice it. Since council does not collect waste as often as it should, residents dispose waste through the traditional and unsustainable ways such as backyard incinerator, burying, burning and illegal open dumps. With rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical. It was recommended that councils should extend coverage to all areas, increase their refuse collection frequency, provide receptacles to residents and raise awareness campaigns on recycling and sustainable solid waste disposal. There is need for involvement by private sector and NGOs in solid waste management.
Awareness, Attitudes, Barriers, And Drivers Towards Adoption Of Low-Waste, Su...Ajinkya Chikte
- The document discusses a study on awareness, attitudes, barriers, and drivers towards adoption of low-waste and sustainable lifestyle solutions among middle-class Indian consumers.
- It finds that awareness of waste issues does not greatly affect intent or purchase of sustainable products. Demographic and psychographic factors are more influential.
- The assumptions of the Homebox Express sustainable subscription service were incorrect. Marketing needs to be realigned based on the new findings and deeper qualitative research is needed.
Challenges of solid waste management in zimbabwe a case study of sakubva hig...charlschoto
This document summarizes a study on the challenges of solid waste management in Sakubva, a high-density suburb of Mutare, Zimbabwe. The study found several challenges: poor refuse collection due to shortages of equipment and proper receptacles; low rates of recycling; and residents resorting to unsustainable waste disposal like burning and dumping due to infrequent council collection. Rapid urbanization is exacerbating the problems. The researchers recommend the council improve collection coverage and frequency, provide more receptacles, increase recycling awareness, and involve the private sector and NGOs more in management.
Efficiency of Municipal Solid Waste Management Service Delivery System and Po...Premier Publishers
Municipal SWM problems are coming to the forefront of the global environmental agenda at an increasing frequency and becoming more pronounced in recent years, as a result of inadequate collection and disposal of wastes in cities, especially; in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of municipal solid waste management service delivery system and policy issues in Debre Markos town through field visit, discussions with residents and staffs of municipal administration. The Findings showed that, the municipality lacks institutional, financial and technical capacities. Solid waste collection and disposal services are inadequate and waste was disposed improperly which creates unhealthy environment. For effective solid waste management, there should be proper service delivery system with qualified personnel, modern vehicles and equipment. There should also be improvement of institutional structure and implementation of integrated MSWM involving private service providers and other stakeholders.
Application of an integrative approach for municipal solid waste management a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes an article that assesses municipal solid waste management in Abuja, Nigeria and Putrajaya, Malaysia using an integrated solid waste management system approach. The study aims to adopt a conceptual model for efficient and sustainable solid waste management in Abuja based on comparing it to Putrajaya. The integrated solid waste management system recognizes three important dimensions: stakeholders, waste system elements like collection and disposal, and sustainability.
Solid waste management practices of households in the university of eastern p...Alexander Decker
This academic article summarizes a study on solid waste management practices of households in the University of Eastern Philippines. The study found that the types of waste generated differed between households, with plastics being the primary waste in one zone and kitchen waste predominant in two other zones. Waste collection was generally regular but with varying schedules between zones. Identified problems included insufficient waste collection equipment, lack of proper disposal practices and government support. Recommendations included improving waste separation and collection, educating communities, and exploring composting and recycling options.
Assessment of Existing Solid Waste management Practices and Challenges: The C...mowlid hassan hirsi
Solid waste is one of the most common challenges faced by many different countries. However, developing countries are suffering more than the developed countries when it comes to managing solid waste management. Jig-jiga City, like other cities in developing countries, faces problems associated with poorly managed solid waste operation. The study concerns about the Assessment of the current solid waste management and practices and challenges. The survey was conducted in 03 from commercial areas and 06 from residential area with total sample size of 298 households. Different sampling methods were employed to select the study units including: stratified sampling, systematic random sampling, and purposive sampling. Though the bulk of the data collected were qualitative in nature, it was also supported by quantitative information collected through survey and secondary sources. The study discovered that there is low performance of SWM in the city mainly due to: lack of properly designed collection system and time schedule, inadequate and malfunctioning operation equipment, open burning of refuse, poor condition of the final dumpsite and less awareness creation among community which encouraged illegal dumping are the technical problem identified. Insufficient budget and funds as well as lack of promotion on waste reduction, recycling, absence of waste recovery, practice of energy option, waste separation and composting are among the management challenges facing the city. Social problems encountered include: lack of public awareness, unwillingness to pay, ill dumping manner (often around residence and any open spaces) and improper outlook for waste workers. Incompetence of organizations in terms of equipment required for operation and man power /staff qualifications, training and human resource developments and unreliable service are the institutional challenge that the city encountered in the sector. Finally, the study forwarded some important recommendations towards improving the waste management practice.
How to design a household waste management training curriculumyayansudrajatunindra
The document discusses the design of a training curriculum for household waste management in Indonesia. It begins by outlining the research methodology used and the key findings of designing such a curriculum. These include that the curriculum can be viewed as a substance, system, or field of study. It then provides background on the importance of proper waste management for environmental and public health. Current practices and challenges in Indonesia are examined, highlighting the need for better management of waste as a resource. The conclusion emphasizes that training local communities on waste management curriculum is crucial to addressing Indonesia's waste problems.
This study examined the influence of environmental knowledge, attitudes, environmental concern, and social influence on the green purchase intentions of American and Chinese consumers. A survey was conducted in Shanghai, China with 200 American and 200 Chinese consumers. The results found a significant relationship between the independent variables and green purchase intention. Significant differences were also found between the individualistic American consumers and collectivistic Chinese consumers, except for environmental concern. The study provides recommendations for marketers based on the findings.
The document summarizes a study on solid waste management in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. It finds that 350 tons of solid waste are generated daily, but only 210 tons are collected and properly disposed of. The remaining 140 tons are improperly dumped in drains, open spaces and water bodies, polluting the environment and posing health risks. Food and vegetable waste make up 70% of the solid waste stream. The management system is inadequate due to lack of resources, technology and public awareness. Improper waste disposal leads to pollution, flooding and disease transmission. Better management is needed such as increased collection and use of waste-to-energy technologies.
Influence of formal institutions on solid waste disposal in newly created tow...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study on the influence of formal institutions on solid waste disposal in Bukedea Town Council, Uganda. It finds that:
1) The town council's legislation, policies, and regulations were found to be inadequate and ineffective in influencing solid waste disposal, as they were irrelevant, lacked enforcement, and did not address the issues.
2) Interviews with key informants like health officials and local leaders found that the existing laws were outdated and not enforced due to lack of staff recruitment by the town council.
3) A majority of respondents through questionnaires disagreed that the laws were adequate and noted a lack of enforcement, showing legislation had little effectiveness in regulating solid waste disposal.
The document outlines Kokab Jabeen's internship report for her work with the Sialkot Urban Resource Center, including descriptions of the organization's programs and projects, her responsibilities in community-based solid waste management field work, and her experience working with and learning from her focal person Mr. Moeen Qadir during the internship. The report provides details of her activities and lessons learned from participating in the internship program.
Governance for Sustainable Development, Paths of development, Sustainability, protection and creation, Requirements of sustainability, Pillars of sustainable development, Good governance, Elements of Good Governance, Transition management
Integrating Environmental Accounting in Agro-Allied and Manufacturing Indust...IJMER
ONLY WHEN THE LAST TREE IS CUT, ONLY WHEN THE LAST RIVER IS POLLUTED, ONLY WHEN THE LAST FISH IS CAUGHT, ONLY THEN WILL THEY REALIZE THAT YOU CANNOT EAT MONEY’ American proverb
Due to growing awareness and concern on the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, there is an
increasing trend to judge organizations in relation to the community in which it operates. The impact of the activities on the environment with regard to pollution of water, air, land and abuse of natural resources are coming under scrutiny of governments, stakeholders and citizens. Education is considered the key to effective development strategies and TVET institutions then must be the master
key that can alleviate poverty, promote peace, conserve the environment, improve the quality of life
for all and help achieve sustainable development. Unless proper accounting work is done, it cannot be determined that both have been fulfilling their responsibilities. The aim of the study was to explore whether distinctive processes of environmental accounting are possible in agro-allied and
manufacturing industries with a view to enhancing sustainability. To accomplish this aim, this research explores environmental accountability practices in TVET institutions. This paper is in part of an exploratory research project and it is limited in that it attempts to be illuminative and theoretically driven. The paper aims to prove that environmental reporting and disclosure will
enable in agro-allied and manufacturing industries undertake a major transformation that includes
approaches that harmonize economic prosperity, environmental conservation and social well-being.
However, while strategies for achieving this goal are not widespread, a range of international experiences is beginning to suggest ways forward. These initiatives include national TVET policy reforms, green campus, green curriculum, green community, green research and green culture. The paper includes suggested templates that can be useful in agro-allied and manufacturing industries
A REVIEW ON THE SUCCESS FACTORS FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SOLID WASTE MA...Kelly Lipiec
Community participation is key to the success of solid waste management. Effective communication among
stakeholders and welcoming new community participants are important success factors. Communication allows
understanding of issues to develop and identification of conflicts. Welcoming participants openly and valuing their
contributions encourages ongoing involvement.
Challenges Faced by the Media in an Attempt to Play Their Roles in Public Awa...ijtsrd
This study set out to examine challenges faced by the media in their attempt to play their roles in public awareness on waste management in Buea and Douala in the Southwest and Littoral Regions of Cameroon. The study was supported by the Agenda Setting Theory 1972 by McCombs and Shaw, Knowledge Gap Theory 1970 by Philip Tichenor, George Donohue and Claire Olien, and the Transtheoretical Model also called the Stages of Change Model developed by Prochaska and Diclemente, 1970 . It employed a concurrent nested mixed method combining quantitative and qualitative approaches in a survey design. The estimated sample size comprised of 415 community members involved in the study conveniently. As for other stakeholders, notably, Community Leaders, Media Houses, Waste Disposal Companies and Municipal Councils, they were sampled purposively and conveniently. The study was stratified between French and English speaking Cameroon. Data were collected using a semi structured questionnaire and analyzed based on frequency, proportions and the process of thematic analysis. The qualitative approach was substantiated by the positivism paradigm considering qualitative interpretation as the dominant theoretical perspective. The main challenge was poor or no audience, that is people not interested in news related to waste management, environment, hygiene and sanitation and inadequate coverage. They suggested as response measures adequate sensitization and education of the communities on waste management more attractive slots and time, programmes or mechanisms to gain the attention of people. It was recommended that social media, community radio and television should be further used to create awareness on issues concerning waste disposal and management, and helping media to be adequately equipped. Agbor Vivan Ada | Mpoche Kizitus Nformi | Atenga Thomas Ireneé | Nana Célestin "Challenges Faced by the Media in an Attempt to Play Their Roles in Public Awareness on Waste Management in Buea and Douala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63429.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/environmental-science/63429/challenges-faced-by-the-media-in-an-attempt-to-play-their-roles-in-public-awareness-on-waste-management-in-buea-and-douala/agbor-vivan-ada
Ijaems apr-2016-27 Public-Private Partnership Approach to Governance of Solid...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This research intended to determine the performance of the PPP Approach to governance in the Solid Waste Management Program of Batangas City. It utilized descriptive research design involving 393 urban and rural households. The tasks of solid waste collection and disposal were given to a private contractor based on a mutually agreed Terms of Reference. The PPP approach was found efficient in terms of cost efficiency, quick response time, manpower, and minimization of backlogs and effective in four dimensions – promptness, sustainability, equity and progressiveness, and ineffective on adequacy. Rural residents viewed the PPP approach as ineffective in terms of said dimensions. There is significant difference between the perception of urban and rural residents on the effectiveness of the PPP approach. The results of this study would seem to suggest that in developing countries, like the Philippines, it might be necessary to tap the private sector to partner with local government units, so that the management of solid wastes could be done in a more efficient and a more effective way.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEME...Wendy Berg
This document summarizes a study that examined community involvement in household solid waste management in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. It reviewed relevant literature on the challenges of solid waste management. The study found that residents were aware of health issues from improper waste management and interested in reducing waste, but faced challenges like costs, lack of cooperation, and attitudes. It used a cross-sectional research design and purposive sampling to interview 150 residents, mainly women. The study found residents had varying education levels and most generated more waste by living with spouses or families.
Re inventing the organizational structure of environmental management agencie...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study that examined the organizational structure of environmental management agencies in Awka and Onitsha, cities in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study found that the agencies' organizational structure was characterized by bureaucracy and inflexibility. It did not adequately involve the private sector or community groups. As a result, the agencies performed poorly in addressing environmental problems like flooding, erosion, and waste management. The study recommends revising the agencies' structure to promote effective partnerships and community involvement to improve sustainability of environmental management services.
Influence of Education on the Solid Waste Management Practices of Communities...Premier Publishers
This study investigated the influence of public education on solid waste management in Kampala city. Across sectional survey research design was used because of the heterogeneous nature of the study population. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. The sample size comprised of 289 respondents selected per division using multistage sampling using guidelines provided by 1970 Krejcie and Morgan correlation tables. The study established the organizations involved in public education to include; Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA), Village Health teams (VHTs), NGOs and the private sector companies. Public meetings, use of mass media, community demonstrations and instruction to individual heads of households are the key strategies being used to educate the communities in the city on waste management. It was concluded that public education is improving waste management in the city. There is however less education on waste separation and organic waste management which constitutes over 50% of the waste generated in the city. Waste separation would improve on the quality and quantity of plastic waste supplied to recycling industries and education on organic waste management would reduce on quantity and cost of waste disposed of at the landfill.
This document summarizes a study on inclusive stakeholder participation for sustaining dry sanitation solutions in Madimba, Zambia. The study found that stakeholder engagement and participation is key to project success and sustainability. In Madimba, the Network for Environmental Concerns and Solutions (NECOS) engaged in participatory research, analysis of community needs and concerns, and capacity building initiatives. Best practices for sustainability included integrating indigenous knowledge, artisanal training, entrepreneurship programs, and partnerships. However, challenges remained regarding cultural acceptance and addressing socioeconomic factors at the community level.
Factors Affecting Solid Waste Management in Kapchorwa Town Council, Kapchorwa...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
The problem of Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become a major problem in the upper areas of developing countries. In Uganda, the menace of urban waste has further been worsened by the increasing population. This study was done to assess the level of knowledge and practices about SWM within the Kapchorwa Town Council (KTC) Kapchorwa district in eastern Uganda. To achieve the objectives, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out and waste characteristics, collection, disposal, stakeholder roles, and waste management responsibilities were analyzed. Results indicate that waste is predominantly biodegradable (66%) and generated mainly within households, with no proper collection rate disposed of, crude dumping was the major means of disposal used (72.5%). The council is under capacity to handle waste management demands and their services are poor or nonexistent which has led to the use of crude dumping which has risk health. The strategy for solid waste management is failing because the community members are not cooperative. In conclusion, waste management practices in KTC are poor and they reflect a gap in knowledge about effective waste management within KTC, community members should be regularly educated on the link between improper solid waste management and disease outbreaks and the safe SWM practices such as reuse and recycling.
Keywords: Waste management, Kapchorwa district, urban waste, disease outbreaks
Research Paper ProposalNameInstitutional Affiliation.docxdebishakespeare
Research Paper Proposal
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Working Thesis
Solid waste management plays a pivotal role in the society given the fact that it results in the improvement of the waste management, collection and disposal practices.
Explanation
The government should put in place specific planning and cost analysis metrics in an effort to address the waste management menace. One such metric is the adoption of an integrated solid waste management (ISWM) program that forms the basis of the paper.
Sub points
Acceding to the study by USEPA (2002), there are both positive and negative effects of waste management to the environment. These are; pollution of human health and the environment, increased waste generation, and increased greenhouse gas emissions from poor waste management.
All these challenges out of solid waste management can be contained by the use of the ISWM program in place. It is because the ISWM program is comprised of various characters namely waste prevention, recycling, composting and disposal (USEPA, 2002). The goal of the program is to prevent waste generation, collecting, reprocessing and recovery of waste materials and landfilling and combustion activities of unpreventable and unrecyclable.
Objections
The insufficiency of appropriate measures in place to sustain the solid waste management services in various parts of the world is an inconvenience. It affects natural resources, life support systems, social harmony, human rights, economic growth and public participation in decision-making (Baud, Post & Furedy, 2004). The ineffective on the government raise serious concerns on the ability of the concerned authority to handle the issue.
Reply to Objections
Despite the growing disbelief in the measure put in place by the government concerning the containment of the waste management, there are solid programs that help a lot. The uses of the Waste hierarchy are greatly helping to contain the issue raised effectively. Through the program, messages about waste management sustainability in urban areas are communicated to the target audience (Baud, Post & Furedy, 2004). The content of the messages is information on how avoid, reduce, reuse, recycle and dispose of waste.
Reference
Baud I. Post. J & Furedy C. (2004). Solid Waste Management and Recycling: Actors, Partnerships and Policies in Hyderabad, India and Nairobi, Kenya: NY, Boston, Dordrecht, London, And Moscow: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 1-4020- 175-0
United States Environmental Protection Agency (2002). Solid Waste Management: A Local Challenge With Global Impacts. USA: USEPA.
...
A good environment they say predetermines good health. If good health is to be measured at all the people and the environment will play a significant role. Illness and disease however, do not exist in isolation of the environment in particular. Waste is an object for which we have no further use and which has to be disposed off because of the danger it poses to the environment. Solid waste refers to garbage, refuse, rubbish, trash or litter generated through the domestic, commercial and industrial activities of man. As the population increased efforts were made to transport waste out of the cities. This study therefore examined the problems of solid waste disposal in Ibarapa East Local Government Area of Oyo state. Two hundred respondents were sampled from the study area. The major instruments of data collection were questionnaire administration, personal observation and oral interview Data were analyzed using cross tabulation and simple percentage The findings shows that the respondents were aware of effects that improper solid waste to have in their environment and health but still indulge in insanitary wasted disposal. Also the role of Government in waste disposal was below normal standard. It was recommended that the people should change their unsanitary system of waste disposal and government should improve on waste disposal policy.
1. alternative approaches for better municipal solid waste management in indiaUmmi Khairia
1) The document explores alternative approaches to municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India, comparing the costs of community participation, public-private partnerships, and management solely by the municipal corporation.
2) It finds that community participation, in which local organizations and NGOs work with the community and municipal corporation, has the lowest cost per ton of waste management at Rs. 1518 (US$35).
3) Management solely by the municipal corporation has the highest cost at Rs. 1908 (US$44) per ton. Public-private partnerships fall in between at Rs. 1797 (US$41) per ton.
Information and communication technologies and gender in climaLaticiaGrissomzz
This document summarizes a study on women's opportunities and challenges in participating in Zambia's transition to a green economy. The study analyzed Zambian policy documents to understand current environmental interventions and gender frameworks. It found that while opportunities exist, women will likely face limitations in participating due to challenges accessing information/communication technologies, low education/skills levels, and financial constraints. For Zambia to maximize benefits from its green transition, these gender-based limitations must be addressed in future policies and programs.
Integrating Environmental Accounting in Agro-Allied and Manufacturing Industr...IJMER
‘ONLY WHEN THE LAST TREE IS CUT, ONLY WHEN THE LAST RIVER IS
POLLUTED, ONLY WHEN THE LAST FISH IS CAUGHT, ONLY THEN WILL THEY REALIZE
THAT YOU CANNOT EAT MONEY’ American proverb
Due to growing awareness and concern on the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, there is an
increasing trend to judge organizations in relation to the community in which it operates. The
impact of the activities on the environment with regard to pollution of water, air, land and abuse of
natural resources are coming under scrutiny of governments, stakeholders and citizens. Education is
considered the key to effective development strategies and TVET institutions then must be the master
key that can alleviate poverty, promote peace, conserve the environment, improve the quality of life
for all and help achieve sustainable development. Unless proper accounting work is done, it cannot
be determined that both have been fulfilling their responsibilities. The aim of the study was to explore
whether distinctive processes of environmental accounting are possible in agro-allied and
manufacturing industries with a view to enhancing sustainability. To accomplish this aim, this
research explores environmental accountability practices in TVET institutions. This paper is in part
of an exploratory research project and it is limited in that it attempts to be illuminative and
theoretically driven. The paper aims to prove that environmental reporting and disclosure will
enable in agro-allied and manufacturing industries undertake a major transformation that includes
approaches that harmonize economic prosperity, environmental conservation and social well-being.
However, while strategies for achieving this goal are not widespread, a range of international
experiences is beginning to suggest ways forward. These initiatives include national TVET policy
reforms, green campus, green curriculum, green community, green research and green culture. The
paper includes suggested templates that can be useful in agro-allied and manufacturing industries
Running head SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROPOSAL1SOLID W.docxagnesdcarey33086
Running head: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH PROPOSAL 2
Solid Waste Management Research Proposal
Name
Institution
1.0 Abstract
Based on research, products have changed over the years from being reusable to being disposal. This strategy has influenced negative factors that have greatly affected the environment. The disposal of solid waste products has been the major cause of pollution in the current world. Since the year 1990s, it is evident that millions of people have doubled their output of solid waste to the environment in different ways. Research shows that 75% of waste comes from the mining waste while other 12% comes from agricultural materials. The other 9% is from industries and 4% from municipal waste. In that case, the approach of solid management is very important because it is necessary for safety of human health and environment.
Key words: solid waste management, disposal, recycling, and environmental health.
1.1 Introduction
The issue of solid waste management is a very important approach nowadays. Based on research, it is evident that very little attention is paid to solid waste disposed on landfills. As a result, the environment has faced more than a few issues such as poor health and desertification. This approach has negatively affected the health of more than a few people globally because solid waste has a huge impact to the environment. It is clear that the problem and danger of solid waste is always underestimated by the government and the society at large. Therefore, it important for people to understand the importance of solid waste management because the dangers mainly remain under estimated. Solid waste management plays a pivotal role in the society given the fact that it results in the improvement of the waste management, collection and disposal practices.
1.2 Explanation
As a result of increased cases of solid waste disposal, the government has come up with considerable measures that will ensure that management of solid waste is efficient. A number of people are not aware of the negative effects that these disposals can cause in their lives and the environment as well. As a result of increased issues linked to solid waste, the government should put in place specific planning and cost analysis metrics in an effort to address the waste management menace. One such metric is the adoption of an integrated solid waste management (ISWM) program that forms the basis of the paper.
It is evident that a single waste management strategy is suitable for managing all types of waste in all circumstances. Research shows that most people globally believe that they have done everything eliminate waste such recycling in their homes. However, recycling is not the answer to waste that is disposed in the landfills. The major objective of solid waste management is to ensure that solid waste is eliminated from the environment in order to ensure that environment is conserved properl.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: A FOCUS ON SOLID W...ijfls
Solid waste generation in Dar es Salaam City has been increasing due to rapid population growth and economic development. Using a population growth rate of 4.3% and a generation rate of 0.815kg/cap/day, it is estimated that Dar es Salaam could be generating over 12,000 tonnes of solid wastes per day by 2025. The waste materials have the potential to cause adverse environmental impacts including odour nuisance, litter problems, adverse visual impacts, and vermin and pests. A sound solid waste management is a result of the efficient and effective management of the supply chain of solid wastes which is composed of waste generation, storage, transportation and disposal. In this study, we apply Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) to assess the contribution of each element to the Solid Waste Supply Chain (SWSC). The data was collected from a random sample of ninety five (95) respondents consisting of practitioners, researchers and community members. The computational results reveal that, the contribution in descending order to the underperformance of SWSC in Dar es Salaam City are Storage of solid waste, Collection of solid waste, Disposal of solid waste and Transportation of solid waste. This study will be of great help to environmentalists, town planners, researchers and policy makers.
INTUITIONISTIC FUZZY ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE: A FOCUS ON SOLID W...ijfls
Solid waste generation in Dar es Salaam City has been increasing due to rapid population growth and economic development. Using a population growth rate of 4.3% and a generation rate of 0.815kg/cap/day, it is estimated that Dar es Salaam could be generating over 12,000 tonnes of solid wastes per day by 2025. The waste materials have the potential to cause adverse environmental impacts including odour nuisance,
litter problems, adverse visual impacts, and vermin and pests. A sound solid waste management is a result of the efficient and effective management of the supply chain of solid wastes which is composed of waste generation, storage, transportation and disposal. In this study, we apply Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IFS) to
assess the contribution of each element to the Solid Waste Supply Chain (SWSC). The data was collected from a random sample of ninety five (95) respondents consisting of practitioners, researchers and community members. The computational results reveal that, the contribution in descending order to the underperformance of SWSC in Dar es Salaam City are Storage of solid waste, Collection of solid waste, Disposal of solid waste and Transportation of solid waste. This study will be of great help to environmentalists, town planners, researchers and policy makers.
Evaluating the organizational structure of environmental management agencies ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes the organizational structure and mandate of the Anambra State Environmental Protection Agency (ANSEPA) in Nigeria, which is tasked with addressing environmental problems in the cities of Awka and Onitsha. It finds that ANSEPA's structure is engulfed in bureaucratic bottlenecks and role conflicts. While ANSEPA's main focus is solid waste collection, it lacks modern disposal techniques and equipment. The agency receives funding from the government and environmental fees, but this is mostly used for administrative costs rather than effective service delivery. To improve performance, the document recommends restructuring ANSEPA's organizational structure to remove bureaucratic hindrances, adopting modern methods and equipment, and enforcing regulations against environmental offenders.
Impact of Solid Waste Management Practices on Environmental Protection Case o...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This Solid waste management practices are essential component of environmental infrastructure in human settlements; its poor management can lead to health problem and environmental destruction in general, this study was conducted in Kicukiro district. The data were collected on the sample of 97 households and some authorities through questionnaires, and interview and were analyzed using SPSS Version 20 (statistical tools) and this helped in generating tables and performing descriptive statistics like percentages, frequency, and mean. The results obtained revealed that that in terms of waste segregation is explained excluding solid wastes from liquid wastes considering the mean of 2.73 which was interpreted as high mean. Those results influenced the grand mean to become 2.04 which is interpreted as low mean. This means that waste segregation practices is not efficiently done in households located in Kicukiro. It was revealed that transportation of wastes is characterized by the short time of loading wastes considering the mean of 2.91 which is interpreted as high mean. The findings revealed that the environmental protection in Kicukiro District is characterized by the following: little harmful materials (plastic packages) in the soils considering the mean of 3.18. This showed that there is link between solid waste management practices and environmental protection in Kicukiro District. For proper practices of waste management which is positive but only for waste transportation to have a significant relationship with environmental protection considering the correlation coefficient of 0.259 and the p-value or Sig.(2-tailed) of 0.010 which is below the p-alpha of 0.05. It is recommended that Kicukiro District has to launch a sustained, education and communication campaign informing residents on the importance of managing waste properly and its importance to their health, the environment and cleanliness of the city or use another waste reduction strategy in order to encourage recyclable production of goods to allow access to recyclable products.
The document discusses the challenges of solid waste management in Monrovia, Liberia. It finds that the majority of solid waste generated is leftover food, plastic, and paper. On average, each person produces 0.3kg of waste daily. Nearly all respondents admit to never separating recyclables from other waste. Most waste collection is done informally by children. Most respondents also acknowledge disposing of waste through unsafe and illegal means like burning or dumping, with no formal waste management system. The study calls for the government to increase education on waste policies and introduce better management strategies.
The Supervision of Regional Government on Waste Management in Coastal Area Ta...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Similar to Survey of Household Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization in Malaysia: Awareness, Issues and Practices (20)
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Survey of Household Solid Waste Management and Waste Minimization in Malaysia: Awareness, Issues and Practices
1. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-3, Issue-12, December- 2017]
Page | 38
Survey of Household Solid Waste Management and Waste
Minimization in Malaysia: Awareness, Issues and Practices
Zarifah Abdullah1
, Salniza Md Salleh2
, Ku Nor Izah Ku Ismail3
1,3
Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy (TISSA-UUM), Universiti Utara Malaysia, MALAYSIA
2
School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, MALAYSIA
Abstract— Effective solid waste management (SWM) is very crucial in every nation as it determines the sustainability of the
environment and ensures the health of the society. This study examines households’ awareness on household solid waste
management and their opinion on the services provided by a solid waste management concessionaire in one of the regions in
Malaysia. A survey on 398 respondents among households finds that the awareness on the privatization of SWM is
acceptable and a majority of them are ignorant about the frequency of waste collection. However, the respondents’
knowledge on waste and their understanding on the health consequences of waste are relatively good. The main problem
expressed by respondents with respect to waste disposal is that collection schedules are not adhered to by the collectors.
Disorderly disposal of rubbish is also perceived to be a problem, and a majority of the respondents believe that lack of
awareness, knowledge and enforcement are the major causes of the problem. As far as waste minimization is concerned,
respondents feel that the facilities and services provided are not adequate. Other than using the waste collection service, the
households rarely practice other means of waste minimization such as to reuse, recycle, and compost. The role of regulators
and concessionaires in educating the community so that the latter can play their role effectively is very crucial.
Keywords— solid waste management, waste minimization, awareness.
I. INTRODUCTION
Malaysia is among the successful developing economy in terms of political stability and economic growth. However, the
increase in urban population and rapid economic growth lead to the increase in solid waste generation (Tarmiji, Usman &
Hassan, 2011). Similarly, the characteristics of solid waste have changed in the country due to the rapid industrialization and
urbanization (Manaf, Samah & Zukki, 2009). It has also been noted globally that developing Asia are among the largest solid
waste generators (UNCRD, 2011). Hence, there is a need for an effective practice of solid waste management to control the
current waste generation in the region. This is because in any economy, the solid waste management is an important aspect of
citizens’ lifestyle and country’s economic status (Baud, 2001). According to the United Nations Development Programme in
2008, waste management is a crucial aspect of sustaining the national development.
Not until 2007, when Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation Act 2007 (SWMPC Act 2007) came into
place, solid waste management was the responsibility of local authorities in Malaysia. The Act, enforced in 2011, vests
executive power to the Federal Government to implement solid waste management and public cleansing. It was enacted to
ensure the uniformity of law relating to the management of solid waste and public cleansing throughout Peninsular Malaysia
and the Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya and Labuan. On 20th
September 2011, the Federal Government and
several state governments sealed the 22-year concession agreement for solid waste management with three companies across
Malaysia. All solid waste collection and urban cleansing services would now be under the purview of three concessionaires
overseeing three zones, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya and Pahang; Kedah and Perlis; and Johor, Malacca
and Negeri Sembilan.
The privatization of solid waste management in Malaysia is aimed to solve the challenges faced by local authorities in
managing solid waste, namely finance and cost management, lack of expertise and advanced technology, illegal dumping and
lack of management skills on disposal and landfill system. The concessionaires are expected to improve and ensure high-
quality services in solid waste management, and provide recommendation and implementation policies and strategies
pertaining to solid waste management services, as well as promoting participation and awareness among the public.
In order to achieve the abovementioned goal, there is a need for enhancement in solid waste management practices (Zeeda &
Keng, 2014). For example, several waste recycling campaigns have been launched by the Malaysian government to involve
the participation of different community groups and non-governmental organizations. However, the campaigns received very
low responses from the public. Therefore, public awareness and enlightenment are the key factors of reducing the solid waste
(Zainu & Songip, 2017).There have also been complaints from the general public about the services provided by the
2. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-3, Issue-12, December- 2017]
Page | 39
concessionaires. One of the complaints is that the household waste has not been collected as scheduled and was not properly
managed (Kedah Hari Ini, May 3rd
, 2012). The uncollected household wastes, resulted in a disgusting phenomenon and
nauseating smell, further welcomes the unwanted flies and garbage worms. This phenomenon can always be spotted during
long public holidays, school holidays or during festive seasons. The potential causes for such phenomena are limited number
of garbage trucks, limited number of contractors, improper collection schedules and solid waste disposal dump that are
situated too far.
One of the concessionaires is FreshAir Sdn Bhd (not the real name), being the case organization of this study. This study
focuses on household awareness and their perception on household solid waste management practices in Malaysia,
particularly in FreshAir. The first objective of this study is to examine household awareness of the privatization of solid
waste management, waste issues and concerns, and waste management. Next, we examine household satisfaction on waste
collection and customer service, and finally we examine household perception and practice on waste minimization
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Solid waste management is a way of controlling, collecting, storing, generating, transferring and transporting, processing and
disposing solid waste (Tchobanoglous, 1993). Previous studies have identified the organizations or stakeholders that may
have concern in effective and efficient system of solid waste management. These include authorities of national and local
government (Shekdar, 2009); non-governmental organizations, municipal authorities, households (Sujauddin, Huda, &
Hoque, 2008); Ministry of Health, private contractors (Geng, Zhu, Doberstein, & Fujita, 2009) and recycling companies (Tai,
et al., 2011). Despite the involvement of these stakeholders in the waste management practice, there are factors that influence
the effectiveness of solid waste management. For instance, Sujauddin et al. (2008) argued that waste generation is influenced
by the size of the family, their income and their level of education. Similarly, the location of household, land size, peer
influence, gender and separation behavior are also the factors affecting the effective management of solid waste (Ekere,
Mugisha, & Drake, 2009). In a related study, Abdullah (2013) highlighted some of the challenges associated with the
management of solid waste by local authorities in Malaysia; they include squatter villages, uncollected area, lack of finance
and human resources as well as immigrants.
Moreover, Otitoju and Seng (2014) surveyed the militating factors of waste segregation among the household in Malaysia.
The result revealed that methods of collecting the waste and easy access to waste facilities are the key factors which prevent
the segregation of waste among households. Similar findings were reported by Tadesse, Ruijs & Hagos (2008) in the context
of Africa. They found that the household decision on waste disposal is significantly influenced by facilities. Inadequate
supply and long distance of waste containers increase likelihood of dumping the waste in the roadside and other open area.
Alike, Saxena, Srivastava & Samaddar (2010) found in their study that the approach of solid waste management is highly
unprofessional and unscientific because of the improper collection, treatment and disposal of solid waste. Most of the waste
dropped in an open area lead to air, water and land pollution.
On the other hand, Budhiarta, Siwar, & Basri (2012) in their survey of the current status of Malaysian solid waste generation
found that government involvement in waste campaign programs has not yielded a fruitful result to the communities because
the daily volume of waste generated has not declined. Thus, in order to ensure a healthy and clean nation, Behzad et al.
(2011) argued that solid waste management practice needs to be improved to achieve environmental quality and socio-
economic development of the nation. Similarly, Jereme et al. (2015) observed that an effective service of solid waste
management is an essential device for ensuring environmental protection, both urban and rural communities’ health,
employment and revenue generation.
A study carried out by the Solid Waste And Public Cleansing Management Corporation (SWCorp) in 2009 found thatthe
public perceived waste issues and concern as not that serious and a majority of the respondents believed the cause of the
issues is due to lack of enforcement. Although 80% were satisfied with the collection service, 90% agreed that the federal or
local government should enforce strict laws on waste management. A majority of the respondents agreed that there is a need
for involvement of private sector and NGOs in waste management.
In a related study, Saat (2013) argued that for a sustainable solid waste management, there is a need for transformation in the
environmental governance, specifically in solid waste management. This is because transformation is one of the main aspects
that would ensure the sustainability of solid waste management in Malaysia. At the same time, Osmi et al. (2013)
investigated how to enhance solid waste management in Malaysia. The study identified several action plans which include
3. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-3, Issue-12, December- 2017]
Page | 40
Pay as You Throw, Refused Derived Fuel, Incinerator and Dual System as the best strategies for immediate and long-term
improvement of solid waste management.
In the context of Africa, Peprah, Amoah & Achana (2015) assessed the effects of 3Rs model on solid waste management.
Their investigation revealed that the model is effective and efficient for the management of solid waste. This is due to the
fact that the model is in accordance with the tenets of achieving environmental sustainability. Nonetheless, Samah et al.
(2013) in their study of trend and management of household solid waste in Malaysia discovered that the trend of solid waste
management in Malaysia is like in other parts of the world, i.e. it depends mostly on changes in the pattern of consumption,
seasonal variation and climate. Consequently, the management of solid waste must be improved to ensure the suitability of
the technology used with the current development of solid waste.
Furthermore, Teyet al. (2013) focused on the current practice of waste management system in Malaysia. They noted that
there is a lack of proper system of waste management among the construction practitioners because the predominant disposal
technique used for dumping construction waste is landfill and the concept of 3Rs is adopted by only a few construction
practitioners. Likewise, Visvanathan (2006), in their study of management of solid waste in Asia, argued that appropriate
management of solid waste is a crucial aspect of reducing the environmental pollution. Hence, awareness on the impacts and
problems of generating solid waste must be promoted among the public through enlightenment campaigns and education. In
a related study, Lau (2004) found the policy on management of solid waste in Malaysia is inefficient due to improper
guidance. In addition, most of the households in the country lack sufficient knowledge about waste management practices.
III. RESEARCH METHODS
This study conducted a questionnaire survey to seek households’ awareness and satisfaction of the services provided by the
case organization, FreshAir. In developing the questionnaire, we refer to the literature and a questionnaire developed by A-N-
D Consultants. A pilot test was conducted before the questionnaires were distributed to the intended target respondents.
Thirty individuals comprising of academic and administrative staff of a higher education institution in Malaysia became the
respondents of the pilot test.
The questionnaire consists of three sections. The first section seeks the background information of the respondents, namely
gender, race, tenancy, employment and education. The second section seeks respondents’ level of awareness on solid waste
management, perceptions on key waste issues, and concerns, as well as solutions to the issues and concerns. The last section
deals with the household’s satisfaction with customer services and garbage collection, as well as their perceptions on
solutions to waste management and waste minimization.
The sampling frame of this study covers households residing in three big districts of one of the states in the region under
study. The districts were identified as FSA1, FSA2, and FSA3. Within each of the districts, one housing area served by
FreshAir was selected. A total of 400 households were finally sampled; 200 sets of questionnaires were distributed in FSA1,
and 100 in each FSA2 and FSA3. The distribution was uneven because of the higher population density in FSA1. In order to
ensure a high response, the questionnaires were distributed by hand, by eight enumerators. In most cases, a face-to-face
approach was taken. This is important because some of the respondents need the assistance and clarification from the
enumerators in answering the questions. In other cases, respondents were given a few days to answer the questionnaires, and
the enumerators would later come back to collect the questionnaires. Out of 400 sets of questionnaires distributed, 398 were
returned. This shows that almost all the sampled respondents (99.5%) responded.
IV. RESULTS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Respondent’s Profile
Table 1 shows the distribution of respondents according to district, gender, race, highest education level, employment status,
and tenancy. It is observed that 50.2% of the respondents are residents of district FSA 1, while 24.9% belong to each FSA 2
and FSA 3 districts. Male respondents (53.8%) are slightly more than the female respondents (46.2%). A majority of the
respondents (52.8%) are Malays, followed by Chinese (35.2%), Indians (10.8%) and others (1.2%). With regards to the level
of education, a majority of the respondents had at least a secondary school qualification (83.1%). Only 3.8% of the
respondents had no formal education, while 13.1% attended primary school only.
A majority of the respondents are either employed or self-employed (64.3%). Students and housewives represent 18.3% and
16.1% of the sample, respectively. In terms of tenancy, 73.1% owned the house, while the remaining 26.9% rented the house.
4. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-3, Issue-12, December- 2017]
Page | 41
TABLE 1
DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND OF RESPONDENTS
Frequency Percentage (%)
District FSA1 200 50.2
FSA2 99 24.9
FSA3 99 24.9
Total 398 100.0
Gender Male 214 53.8
Female 184 46.2
Total 398 100.0
Race Malay 210 52.8
Chinese 140 35.2
Indian 43 10.8
Others 5 1.2
Total 398 100.0
Highest education No Formal Education 15 3.8
Primary 52 13.1
Secondary/ Certificate 185 46.5
Diploma/ Degree 130 32.6
Postgraduate 16 4.0
Total 398 100.0
Employment status Employed 174 43.7
Self-employed 82 20.6
Student 73 18.3
Housewife 64 16.1
Unemployed 5 1.3
Total 398 100
Tenancy Self-owned 291 73.1
Rented 107 26.9
Total 398 100.0
4.2 Household Awareness, Knowledge and Understanding of Waste
Table 2 shows the level of awareness of the respondents about the company that collects and manages the waste, as well as
their awareness in managing household waste. It is observed that a majority of the respondents (74.4%) are aware that waste
management in their area has been privatized, with two-thirds of them are able to name the company. The remaining 25.6%
of the respondents still believe that their local councils collect the waste. Considering that privatization of solid waste is quite
new in Malaysia, the level of awareness is acceptable.
As far as we are concerned, the collection days for every housing-area are fixed, and there is a notice posted in the area. It is
the practice of FreshAir to collect waste twice a week in residential areas. However, less than half of the respondents (43.2%)
are aware that waste is collected twice a week. The responses from the remaining respondents are mixed between once, three
times and four times a week. About 20% of the households could not guess the frequency of waste collection. The statistics
may give two different interpretations. First, it may imply that a majority of the households are ignorant about the frequency
of waste collection in a week. This may be because a majority of the respondents are working and students; thus, they are not
at home when the garbage is collected. Second, it may imply that the schedule is not adhered to by the garbage collectors,
causing confusion among households.
In respect of payments for waste collection, the table indicates that 40% of the respondents agree that house-owners pay the
bill, while 7.0% believe that tenants are responsible for the payment of the bills. Another 19.8% believe that the government
pays the bill while 33.2% have no idea about who makes the payment. This implies that a majority of the households are not
aware that the home-owners are responsible for the payment of waste collection. This payment is actually included in their
assessment tax paid to local councils.
5. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-3, Issue-12, December- 2017]
Page | 42
The table also shows that a majority of the respondents are conscious about how their waste should be disposed, in which
94.0% believe that waste should not be thrown anywhere, such as in the sea or river. There are still some people (6.0%) who
have the negative attitude by believing that waste can be thrown in the sea and river.
This study also shows that a majority of the respondents (84.7%) believe that rubbish can be useful for other things while
15.3% do not subscribe to this idea. Further, many of the respondents are aware of the health consequence of poor waste
collection; 87.4% believe that poor waste collection can have a negative impact on residents’ health, while 12.3% do not
agree with the idea.
In addition, respondents were asked on what they can do with waste. Here, respondents were allowed to choose more than
one answer. Table 2 reveals that a majority of the households (72.1%) believe that waste can be recycled. Many also believe
that waste can be used for compost (56.3%). This is followed by beliefs that waste can be reused (42.0%), waste can be used
for animal feed (30.9%) and that energy can be generated from waste (26.6%).
TABLE 2
HOUSEHOLD AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF WASTE
Frequency Percentage (%)
Company that collects waste FreshAir 268 67.3
Local council/ Authority 102 25.6
Private Entity 27 7.1
Total 398 100.0
Frequency of collection Once a week 59 14.8
Twice a week 172 43.2
Three times a week 66 16.6
Four times a week 21 5.3
Don’t know 80 20.1
Total 398 100.0
Payee House Owner 159 40.0
Tenant 28 7.0
Government 79 19.8
Don’t know 132 33.2
Total 398 100.0
Rubbish can be thrown in the sea and river Yes 24 6.0
No 374 94.0
Total 398 100.0
Rubbish can be useful Yes 337 84.7
No 61 15.3
Total 398 100.0
Poor collection affects our health Yes 348 87.4
No 50 12.6
Total 398 100.0
What we do with waste Recycle 287 72.1
Compost 224 56.3
Reuse 167 42.0
Animal feed 123 30.9
Energy product 106 26.6
4.3 Waste Disposal and Collection Problems
With respect to waste disposal problems, respondents express mixed opinions. Table 3 shows different levels of responses for
five identified problems. Generally, respondents have between slight and serious problems with all the issues. The most
serious issue is that collection schedules are not adhered to by the collectors. Related to this issue is that rubbish collection is
irregular.
The next problem is that the number of bins is not enough to accommodate the amount of waste to be disposed. When this
happens, there is a disorderly disposal of rubbish. Respondents also face more than a slight problem of no specific rubbish
disposal spot.
6. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-3, Issue-12, December- 2017]
Page | 43
Respondents were also asked about the causes of the disorderly disposal of waste. A majority of the respondents (74.1%)
reveal that lack of awareness and knowledge is the major cause of the problem. Another factor is that there is a lack of
enforcement from the government (57.8%). This is in line with the findings by Solid Waste and Public Cleansing
Management Corporation (SWCorp, 2009). In addition, a number of respondents (32.9%) believe that non-human factors
such as cats, dogs and monkeys may create the problem. This shows that waste management operators should put more effort
in educating and training their staff in dealing with their job and in handling the public. Measures should also be taken to
deter animals from scavenging in rubbish and digging through the bins.
TABLE 3
SERIOUSNESS OF WASTE DISPOSAL AND COLLECTION PROBLEMS (n = 398)
No
problem
(1)
Slight
problem
(2)
Serious
problem
(3)
Very
serious
problem
(4)
Extremely
serious
problem
(5)
Mean
score
1.
No specific rubbish
disposal spot (n=390)
Freq. 132 95 60 31 72 2.53
% (33.8) (24.4) (15.4) (7.9) (18.5)
2.
Number of bins not
enough (n=388)
Freq. 68 99 102 69 50 2.83
% (17.5) (25.5) (26.3) (17.8) (12.9)
3.
Irregular rubbish
collection (389)
Freq. 78 85 126 72 28 2.71
% (20.1) (21.9) (32.4) (18.5) (7.2)
4.
Collection schedule not
adhered to (n=390)
Freq. 72 82 98 68 70 2.95
% (18.5) (21.0) (25.1) (17.4) (17.9)
5.
Disorderly disposal of
rubbish (389) Freq. 116 91 77 36 69 2.62
% (29.8) (23.4) (19.8) (9.3) (17.7)
Freq. %
Causes of disorderly disposal Lack awareness/ knowledge 295 74.1
Lack of enforcement 230 57.8
Other than human factors 131 32.9
4.4 Satisfaction with the Conduct of Waste Collectors
This study also seeks household satisfaction with respect to the conduct of waste collectors. The responses are depicted in
Table 4. Overall, the mean scores show that respondents are moderately satisfied with waste collections in their area.
Generally, respondents believe that the collection service at curbs and alleys is good.
As far as safe driving is concerned, more respondents feel that they are satisfied rather than dissatisfied with the drivers of
garbage trucks. The respondents have mixed opinion on whether the workers are friendly and helpful. Their opinion of
whether the service areas are left clean are also divided; however, more respondents say that they are satisfied than not
satisfied. Further, respondents are moderately satisfied that garbage carts and containers are placed at their original location.
In addition, respondents were asked whether they had ever contacted their waste management company to pick up large, used
items. Only 178 had used the service, and out of that, 100 (56.2%) are satisfied with the service. The remaining 43.8% are
not satisfied with the service. However, this study did not further investigate the reasons for their dissatisfaction.
7. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-3, Issue-12, December- 2017]
Page | 44
TABLE 4
HOUSEHOLD SATISFACTION - WASTE COLLECTORS
4.5 Household Satisfaction - Customer Service
Customer service is very important in the management of waste. One of the major channels used for customer service is
through telephones. In this study, respondents were asked whether they have ever contacted customer service through
telephones for enquiries related to waste management in their area. Only 68 respondents (16.8%) had used the service, and a
majority of them (54.4%) had made one to two phone calls as indicated in Table 5. Further, the respondents that had made
phone calls are asked to rate their satisfaction with the over-the-phone service that they received. Generally, they are between
undecided and unsatisfied with the service received on the phone, the friendliness of staff, the helpfulness of staff and the
staff’s ability to answer questions. This shows that the waste management company needs to give adequate training to their
staff to be courteous in handling inquiries and complaints in ways that create improved relationships with clients.
TABLE 5
HOUSEHOLD SATISFACTION – CUSTOMER SERVICE
Excellent
(1)
Good
(2)
Average
(3)
Poor
(4)
Collection service at
curbs and alleys (n=394)
Freq. 34 169 156 35
% (8.6) (42.9) (39.6) (8.9)
Customer Satisfaction -
Waste Collection
Not at all
satisfied
(1)
Not
satisfied
(2)
Undecided
(3)
Satisfied
(4)
Extremely
satisfied
(5)
Mean
Score
1. Safe driver (n=390)
Freq. 45 68 122 86 69
3.17
% (11.5) (17.4) (31.3) (22.1) (17.7)
2. Friendly and helpful
workers (n=390)
Freq. 62 69 135 67 57
2.97
% (15.9) (17.7) (34.6) (17.2) (14.6)
3. Service area left clean
(n=388)
Freq. 44 61 138 84 61
3.15
% (11.3) (15.7) (35.6) (21.6) (15.7)
4. Garbage carts placed
at original location
(n=387)
Freq. 40 68 130 91 58
3.15
% (10.3) (17.6) (33.6) (23.5) (15.0)
5. Waste containers
placed at original
location (n=392)
Freq. 46 48 137 64 97
3.30% (11.7) (12.2) (34.9) (16.3) (24.7)
Satisfied with service performed
in collecting large items (n=387)
Freq. %
Yes 100 56.2
No 78 43.8
Freq. %
Frequency calls made
(n = 68)
1-2 times 37 54.4
3-5 times 25 36.8
More than 5 times 6 8.8
Not at
all
satisfied
(1)
Not
satisfied
(2)
Undecided
(3)
Satisfied
(4)
Extremely
satisfied
(5)
Mean
Score
1.
Service received on the
phone (n = 68)
Freq. 16 15 23 12 2 2.54
% (23.5) (22.1) (33.8) (17.6) (2.9)
2. Friendliness of staff (n = 68)
Freq. 8 17 24 15 4 2.85
% (11.8) (25.0) (35.3) (22.0) (5.9)
3. Helpfulness of staff (n = 68)
Freq. 8 21 25 10 4 2.72
% (11.8) (30.9) (36.8) (14.7) (5.9)
4.
Ability to answer question
(n = 68)
Freq. 9 16 22 13 8 2.93
% (13.2) (23.5) (32.4) (19.1) (11.8)
5. Overall satisfaction (n = 68)
Freq. 13 14 21 13 7 2.81
% (19.1) (20.6) (30.9) (19.1) (10.3)
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Page | 45
4.6 Waste Management and Waste Minimization Solutions
In addition to the series of questions that were asked on solid waste management, the level of awareness and practice of
households about waste minimization, that is reducing the amount of waste sent to landfill, were also measured. The results
are reported in Table 6. Overall, a majority of the respondents (60.3%) believe that the facilities and services provided by the
waste management company in managing waste are inadequate. Among the facilities and services that can improve waste
management, in descending order of importance are regular collection (63.8%), enforcement (60.3%), creating awareness
(44.2%), sanitary dumping (25.4%), and strict standards (24.4%).
TABLE 6
HOUSEHOLD AWARENESS –WASTE MINIMIZATION
Frequency Percentage (%)
Facilities and services are adequate Yes 158 39.7
No 240 60.3
Facilities and services to improve Regular collection 272 63.8
Enforcement 240 60.3
Awareness 176 44.2
Sanitary dumping 101 25.4
Strict standards 97 24.4
How dispose-off household waste Collection service 289 72.6
Reuse/ recycle 136 34.2
Compost 99 24.9
Animal food 65 16.3
Burn/bury/dump backyard 53 13.3
Sell 49 12.3
As fill material 43 10.8
Return to shop 28 7.0
Dump on beach/ sea/drain/river 19 4.8
Make compost at home Yes 99 24.9
No 299 75.1
Agree if compost demonstrated Yes 322 80.9
No 76 18.3
Support centralized composting Yes 331 83.2
No 67 16.1
In addition to the above, the ways in which households dispose-off their waste in addition to regular collections are solicited.
Respondents are allowed to give more than one answer. Table 6 indicates that a majority of the respondents (72.6%) use the
collection services provided by the concession company. Other acceptable ways of minimizing waste are by reusing or
recycling the waste, composting, feeding the animals, selling, using as fill materials, and returning waste to shops. However,
there are some respondents who dumped the waste on the beach or in the sea, drain and river. Burning, burying or dumping
in the backyard is not commonly practiced by the respondents. The activity may not be appropriate, depending on the
housing location and density of the population. It can be unhealthy and non-acceptable if practiced in housing areas in which
houses are linked or close to each other with limited vacant land.
This study shows that about 34% of the respondents reuse or recycle the waste, in an effort to minimize the disposing of
waste in landfills. The percentage is relatively small considering that various campaigns have been conducted to educate the
society on the benefit of waste recycling, and the fact that recycling bins have been placed at various strategic locations. Our
finding supports the study by Zainu & Songip (2017) who found that recycling campaigns receive low response from the
public.
We also find that one-fourth of the respondents made compost at their respective homes. However, it appears that a high
majority of the respondents (81%) welcome the idea of demonstrating composting and support centralized composting
(83.2%). This shows that many respondents are interested but do not have the knowledge to compost. We believe that given
proper and continuous demonstrations on composting, waste disposal can be minimized.
9. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR) ISSN:[2454-1850] [Vol-3, Issue-12, December- 2017]
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V. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
This study surveys households on the issues pertaining to household waste management in one of the regions in Malaysia. By
and large, households are aware that waste management in their region has been privatized even though some of them could
name the concessionaire company. Considering that privatization of solid waste is quite new in Malaysia, the awareness is
acceptable. What is more important is that the households or society understand their role in managing waste, not byjust
passing the responsibility to the organization in charge of waste management. Instead, the society should work hand in hand
with the government and concessionaires in realizing a sustainable and healthy environment.
Our study shows that households’ knowledge and understanding of waste is reasonably good, namely in terms of health
consequences and how waste can be of benefit to the society and environment. However, households are ignorant towards
the frequency of garbage collection. Knowing the right schedule is very important because it helps the household to plan
their disposing of rubbish in the bin. On the other hand, we find that the respondents are putting the blame on the garbage
collectors; generally the household agree that not adhering to the collection schedule and irregular rubbish collection are
giving them problems. It is not the intention of this study to put the blame on anyone. Both ignorance on the part of the
society and irregular waste collection by the service provider can lead to serious consequences, such as overflow of bins,
rubbish left uncollected for a long time, and smelly environment, which would subsequently attract flies and other insects
and animals. Thus, it is the duty of the concessionaires to ensure that the waste is collected as being scheduled, and of the
households not to be ignorant of the schedule. This will thus contribute to a clean and healthy environment. The respondents
also agree that that there is a lack of awareness, knowledge and enforcement that causes disorderly waste disposal.
Generally, respondents are moderately satisfied with the attitude of waste collectors during waste collection. Improvements
are recommended in terms of safe driving, friendliness, cleanliness of service areas, and proper placing of garbage carts and
bins after collection. As far as customer service is concerned, more training should be given to the staffs who handle
customer service. It appears that generally, the respondents are not satisfied with customer service.
Waste minimization is one of the issues surveyed in this study. Among the various ways by which waste can be minimized,
reusing and recycling have been practiced by about one-third of the respondents. The figure is still not promising; more and
continuous programs and campaigns, especially by the government and concessionaires, to educate and discipline the society
are very much needed, in addition to providing recycling bins at various strategic locations. The campaigns should be able to
instill the feeling of guilt among the society if they do not recycle their household waste. The social media, mass media,
schools and colleges, as well as places of worship should act as channels in educating the public about the importance of
recycling.
Another method of waste of minimization that can be practiced is composting. Although not many respondents compost their
household waste, a majority of the respondents are keen in doing it if demonstrated, and are very supportive of the idea of
centralized composting. Again, educating the public on the know-how is an important element of waste minimization.
Although this study is conducted in only one of the regions in Malaysia, it may be applicable and generalized to other parts
of the country. We believe that the society would benefit most if all parties would be able to work hand in hand both on the
technical and behavioral elements. Continuous campaigns, more in-depth knowledge sharing, motivation and training would
be among the immediate initiatives required of the concessionaires, the local councils, the state, and the federal government
for a cleaner, greener and environmentally safer Malaysia. Besides, enforcement mechanisms should be in place and
authorities should enforce whatever rules and regulations that have been implemented.
At the time this survey was conducted, campaigns on household waste separation, another means of waste minimization,
have not been widespread. Beginning September 2015, some states under the three concessionaires enforced waste
separation, in pursuant to regulations under Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007 (Act 672). The process
of separating solid waste involves separating solid waste according to waste composition such as recyclable waste, residual
waste and bulky/garden waste. The separated waste will be collected every week based on fixed schedules. The success of
this campaign has yet to be investigated, and this can be an avenue for future research in Malaysia.
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