Surveillance Summary
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Ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data has occurred since the 14th century to monitor epidemics and emerging health issues. Annual dissemination of outcome-specific data estimates the magnitude of health problems, assesses prevention activities, and sets priorities, while archival information describes disease histories and validates data use for priority setting and documenting disease distribution and spread.
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HIV surveillance involves systematically collecting and analyzing HIV/AIDS data to guide prevention and treatment programs. Key aspects of HIV surveillance include monitoring prevalence, incidence, opportunistic infections, and antiretroviral drug resistance. Accurate case definitions and timely reporting are important for effective surveillance. The goals of HIV surveillance are to detect trends in the epidemic, identify at-risk groups, evaluate prevention programs, and inform research and policy.
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Epidemiology is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It identifies risk factors for disease and informs public health policy and evidence-based practice. Advances in epidemiology, including the development of the field as an academic discipline, have contributed to major expansions in scientific knowledge that have shaped modern public health and increased acceptance of disease prevention and control as a public responsibility.
Health information
This document discusses health information systems and the types of data and information they collect. It defines key terms like data, information, and intelligence in the context of health systems. It then outlines 14 common sources of health data, including vital statistics from censuses and disease registries, health surveys, health service and hospital records, and environmental health data. The goals of health information systems are described as measuring health status, enabling comparisons, and supporting planning, administration, management, and research.
Pharmacovigilence
Pharmacovigilance is the science of detecting, assessing, understanding, and preventing adverse effects or any drug-related problems. The goals of pharmacovigilance are to improve patient safety, assess benefits and risks of medicines, and ensure their safe use. It involves collecting reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) from healthcare professionals and patients and analyzing the data to identify new safety issues and risk factors. Pharmacovigilance relies on spontaneous reporting systems but also uses active surveillance methods like cohort studies and registries to monitor drug safety post-marketing. It is a shared responsibility between drug regulators, healthcare professionals, and pharmaceutical companies to help prevent drug-related harm and protect public health.
Health Surveillance.pdf
Health surveillance is the continuous, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health related ..............
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This document summarizes a presentation on preventing hepatitis C and HIV outbreaks. It includes learning objectives about informing attendees of risks of infectious disease outbreaks related to injection drug use and describing collaborations between injury and infectious disease programs. The presentation features four speakers from Indiana and North Carolina public health departments and focuses on lessons learned from an HIV outbreak in Indiana linked to injection drug use.
Chapter 19 Public Health InformaticsBrian Dixon PhDSaurabh .docx
Chapter 19: Public Health Informatics
Brian Dixon PhD
Saurabh Rahurkar DrPH
Learning Objectives
After reviewing the presentation, viewers should be able to:
Define public health informatics (PHI)
Explain the importance of informatics to the practice of public
health and the role of informatics within a public health agency
Define and distinguish the various forms of public health surveillance systems used in practice
List several common data sources used in the field of public health for surveillance
Public health: “the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals.”
Public health informatics: “systematic application of information and computer science and technology to public health practice, research and learning”
Whereas physicians and care delivery organizations focus on the health of individuals, public health focuses on the health of populations and communities.
Definitions
Definitions
Public health surveillance: ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data for prevention and control
Syndromic surveillance: surveillance using health-related data that precede diagnosis and signal a sufficient probability of a case or an outbreak to warrant further public health response
Introduction
The overarching goal of public health has been to monitor a variety of medical diseases and conditions rapidly and accurately so as to intervene as early as possible to detect, prevent, and mitigate the spread of epidemics, the effects of natural disasters, and bioterrorism
To address these challenges, public health organizations conduct a range of activities across three, broad core functions – assessment, policy development and assurance.
Assessment – Public health agencies spend most of their time and resources on investigations of potential threats to the public’s health. Activities include testing and monitoring of water quality, laboratory examination of diseases carried by mosquitoes, tracking food-borne illnesses, testing for environmental hazards (e.g. soil lead levels), monitoring for potential bioterrorism threats, and tracing the contacts for individuals exposed to diseases as well as hazardous chemicals.
Public Health 3 Core Functions
Policy Development – Public health agencies also create policies and regulations to protect the health of populations. For example, children may be required to have certain immunizations before they can attend school to prevent disease outbreaks that would harm children and disrupt family life. Agencies use the evidence they gather from their investigations as well as the scientific literature to advocate for p.
Epidemiology
This document provides an overview of epidemiology. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations. It discusses descriptive epidemiology, which investigates disease occurrence, and analytical epidemiology, which studies risk factors. It also covers epidemiological study designs like cohort studies and case-control studies. Finally, it defines key epidemiological terms like incidence, prevalence, and outbreak.
Basics of HIV and STIs (English) 03292023 (1).pptx
This document provides information about HIV/AIDS in the Philippines. It discusses basics of HIV including transmission methods, prevention strategies, and the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act (RA 11166). Some key points include:
- As of 2022, there have been over 110,000 reported cumulative HIV cases in the Philippines since 1984.
- Risky behaviors often start in youth aged 14-18 while protective behaviors like condom use are adopted later.
- RA 11166 aims to expand HIV testing, ensure treatment access, prohibit discrimination, and provide benefits to people living with HIV.
- The document emphasizes strategies to prevent transmission like abstinence, mutual monogamy, condom use, education, and early testing
Uses of epidemiology
Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations. It differs from clinical medicine in that it focuses on groups rather than individuals and uses quantitative tools to study communities. Epidemiology has many uses including healthcare management by making community diagnoses, understanding disease processes, guiding public health practice through disease investigation and surveillance, and informing clinical practice and research through evaluating treatments and assessing effectiveness of diagnostic procedures. Overall, epidemiology provides essential population-level insights that aid in healthcare planning, policy development, and clinical decision-making.
Cha role presentation (october, 2010)
This document outlines the role of Community Health Agents (CHAs) in Tanzania to improve maternal and child health outcomes. The key roles of CHAs are to: 1) Improve household and community practices related to health, 2) Enhance community-based case management of childhood illnesses, and 3) Strengthen the local health system. CHAs will provide health education, monitor pregnancies and newborns, treat common childhood illnesses, and facilitate access to health services. Their work involves improving health behaviors, recognizing illness symptoms, providing initial treatment, and referring severe cases. CHAs will also help strengthen the local health system through community organization, improving data collection, and ensuring access to supplies.
Health survillence and informatics.pptx
The document discusses health surveillance and informatics. It defines surveillance as the systematic collection and analysis of health data for decision making. The purposes of surveillance include monitoring disease trends, evaluating programs, and informing policy. Health informatics involves the management and analysis of health information and can include fields like nursing informatics, clinical informatics, and public health informatics. Sources of health data include censuses, vital statistics, disease notification systems, health surveys, and hospital records.
Kba Speakers Presentation
The document provides information about Kids Be Aware, an organization that educates children ages 5-12 about infectious and chronic diseases. It was founded in 2009 to build disease prevention knowledge and promote healthy behaviors. Kids Be Aware achieves its mission through various educational programs, research, and community engagement. It aims to teach children about common diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, obesity, and their prevention.
bp-hai-surveillance.pdf
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Surveillance
1) The document discusses surveillance in public health and describes its key components and purposes. Surveillance involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data to provide information for action.
2) An effective surveillance system is simple, flexible, timely, and produces high-quality data. It addresses an important public health problem and accomplishes its objectives of understanding disease trends, detecting outbreaks, and evaluating control measures.
3) The document outlines how to establish a surveillance system, including selecting priority diseases, defining standard case definitions, and developing regular reporting and data dissemination processes. Both passive and active surveillance methods are described.
Seek health services
This document outlines the key components of routine checkups including immunizations, counseling, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up. It discusses the importance of regular health screenings and checkups every 6 months to promote longer, healthier lives. Components of checkups include risk screening, physical exams, vision and hearing tests, family planning services, nutrition counseling, and child health assessments. The document also discusses barriers to immunizations and strategies to address them, as well as the role of counseling and community diagnosis in primary health care.
TOPIC:APPLICATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGY IN HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, HEALTH SURVELLIA...
The document discusses the application of epidemiology in healthcare delivery, health surveillance, and health informatics. It defines primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention and describes activities for each level. It also discusses epidemiological surveillance, the surveillance process, health informatics definitions and objectives, and sources of health information data. The role of nurses in areas like disease prevention, control, health education, and data collection is also covered.
L1 - Oral epidemiology-introduction .ppt
This document provides an introduction to epidemiology. It begins with definitions of epidemiology as the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. It then discusses the history of epidemiology from Hippocrates' observations to modern uses. The types of epidemiological studies covered are descriptive studies like cross-sectional and analytical studies like cohort and case-control studies. The aims and uses of epidemiology are also summarized, including describing disease problems, assessing population health, informing individual decisions, understanding disease natural history, identifying causes and risks, and planning/evaluating interventions.
90110 pp tx_ch04
This document discusses disease classification and prevention and control strategies. It describes communicable diseases as being caused by biological agents and transmitted between individuals, while noncommunicable diseases have complex, multifactorial causes. The chain of infection model outlines the steps by which a communicable disease is transmitted. Prevention strategies target various levels - primary prevention prevents disease, secondary prevention detects and treats early, and tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation. Both individuals and communities play important roles in prevention efforts.
aids control pgram.pptNurses students jn
This document provides an overview of HIV/AIDS and the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) in India. It discusses the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS problem globally and in India, the goals and activities of NACP Phase III, and the roles and responsibilities of community health nurses in supporting the program. Key points include statistics on HIV prevalence, the transmission route in India, objectives of reducing incidence rates, activities under NACP III including prevention, care, and treatment, and approaches for nurses to provide multidisciplinary care and support to people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Editor's Notes
- HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) - regulations developed to protect the privacy of patience – Privacy rule permits release of private health information to PH officials w/o individual authorization for the purpose of preventing or controlling disease, disability, injury – including PH surveillance, investigation, and intervention.