Basics of HIV and STIs (English) 03292023 (1).pptx

Name of Presenter
Designation
Date
Central Luzon Center for Health Development
AIDS, STIs, Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control Program
hivaids@centralluzon.doh.gov.ph
Basics of HIV

Cumulative Cases(1984-present):
110,736
Source: https://www.doh.gov.ph/statistics

Source: https://www.doh.gov.ph/statistics

Risky behaviors start early
Protective behaviors start late
14
First
Sex
First
condom use
First HIV
test
First anal
sex
16 17 18 22
M/TSM in Region 3
Source: 2015 Integrated HIV Behavioral & Serologic Surveillance (IHBSS)

HIV
HUMAN
IMMUNODEFICIENCY
VIRUS
HIV is the virus that attacks and destroys the body’s immune system

collection of cells and
substances that
defend the body
against foreign
substances known as
antigens
can be compared to
an army guarding the
state and protecting it
from foreign invasion
IMMUNE SYSTEM

CD4
Cluster of Differentiation 4 (CD4) – type of
white blood cells which perform the role of an army
in the body, and fights of antigens

HIV-1 HIV-2
This strain is found worldwide
and is more common.
This strain is found
predominantly in West Africa.
This strain is more likely to
progress and worsen.
This strain is less likely to
progress and many of those
infected remain lifelong non-
progressors. Progression is
slower.
During progression, HIV-1 has
lower CD4 counts than HIV-2.
During progression, CD4 counts
are higher in this strain.
Plasma viral loads are higher. Plasma viral loads are lower.
Seroconcordant Couples: same sero status
Serodiscordant Couples: different sero status

Status of
Immune
System
HIV
Infection
Window period (3
months)
Symptomatic Stage
Asymptomatic Stage
AIDS Condition DEATH
INTRODUCTION OF
TREATMENT (OI/ARV)
0
No signs and symptoms With signs and symptoms
Philippine National AIDS Council

 Successful entry of the virus inside the body
 Lifetime infection
 No vaccine to prevent it
 No cure, but treatment is available
 No specific signs and symptoms
HIV INFECTION

OPPORTUNISTIC
INFECTIONS
National AIDS/STI Prevention & Control Program
Department of Health
HERPES ZOSTER VIRUS ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA
ORAL
CANDIDIASIS
PRURITIC PAPULAR
ERUPTIONS
PNEUMOCYSTIS JERUVECI
PNEUMONIA
CRYPTOCOCCAL
MENINGITIS
CYTOMEGALO VIRUS
RETINITIS
MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM
COMPLEX
TB

ACQUIRED - transmitted from person to person
IMMUNE - virus affects body’s defense
system
DEFICIENCY- body’s immune system do not
work properly
SYNDROME - group of signs & symptoms
A person with HIV does not necessarily have AIDS
HIV infection may lead to AIDS

AIDS is a condition of a person
infected with HIV when the immune
system is already weak or destroyed
and the body can no longer fight off
common opportunistic infections
AIDS can lead to unnecessary
DEATH if not treated
AIDS

BLOOD
SEMEN
BREASTMILK
VAGINAL FLUID
Be Safe, Be Vigilant
4 BODY FLUIDS

tears saliva sweat
These body fluids cannot transmit HIV

E S S E
EXIT SUFFICIENT SURVIVE ENTER
4 PRINCIPLES OF HIV INFECTION

SWIMMING POOL MOSQUITO BITE TOILET BOWL
HIV is not transmitted through:
KISSING SHARING UTENSILS COUGHING

Same Mode of Transmission
Same Ways of Prevention
People with STI increases
the risk of having
HIV
Clinical Services entry point
HIV education
Relationship of STI and HIV

passed on through close body contact or
exchange of body fluids
If left untreated, STIs can lead to serious
complications:
infertility
blindness
cancer
adverse pregnancy (ectopic pregnancy)
others
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS

Trichomonas
 Genital herpes
 Genital warts
 Genital
molluscum
 HIV
 Hepatitis B *
 Gonorrhea
 Syphilis
 Chlamydia
 Chancroid
Protozoal
Viral
Bacterial
Candidiasis
Skin
Parasites
Fungal
 Pubic Lice
 Scabies
passed on by
close body
contact & do
not require
actual
penetrative
intercourse
COMMON STIs

Most STIs have NO
signs or symptoms

Every sexual activity is an
opportunity to get STI.
Condoms do not cover
everything!
A person with sexual activity
is encouraged to see a doctor
to be assessed for STI
Sexually active person should
have regular sexual health
check up and self-risk
assessment
A person with STI has higher
risk of having HIV
Do not self-treat. See a
doctor for proper diagnosis
and treatment
Complete the treatment
even if symptoms disappear
Untreated or incompletely
treated STI can lead to long-
term or serious complications
STI Key Messages

HIV and other STIs are
PREVENTABLE

A
Abstinence
B
Be mutually
faithful to
your partner
C
Correct &
Consistent
Condom Use
D
Don’t do
drugs &
share
needles
E
Education
& Early
Diagnosis
6 MEANS OF PREVENTION (ABCDE + PrEP)

6 MEANS OF PREVENTION (ABCDE + PrEP)
PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis)
is medicine that reduces your
chances of getting HIV from sex
or injection drug use. When
taken as prescribed, PrEP is
highly effective for preventing
HIV.

♦ Provider-initiated counseling &
testing (PICT) – a situation where
doctors encourage patients to
undergo testing
♦ HIV Testing Services (HTS) –
individuals willing to undergo testing of
their own free will
HIV TESTING

Why is it important to know the window period?
3
months

Where to get tested?
• HIV Testing Centers (Rural
Health Units)
• Social Hygiene Clinics and
Reproductive Health and
Wellness Centers
• DOH Hospitals
https://tinyurl.com/HIVFacilities
• HIV Satellite Treatment Hubs
• HIV Treatment Hubs

RA 11166
Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES
HIV prevention
through education
1

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES
Expand HIV testing to 15 years old up to
below 18 without parental consent and
to young persons aged below 15 who
are pregnant or engaged in high risk
behavior with the assistance of a
licensed social worker
2

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES
Implement prevention of Mother to
Child transmission of HIV through
universal offering of voluntary HIV
testing among pregnant women
3
To emphasize HIV testing to all TB
Clients (TB-HIV)

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES Ensure access to HIV treatment,
and treatment for opportunistic
infections
4

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES
In-patient and out-patient
benefit package for PLHIV
5

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES Benefit package for unborn
and newborn child of infected
mothers and orphans living
with HIV
6

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES Media disclosure of name,
picture or any information that
would reasonably identify
PLHIV
7

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES Prohibition and corresponding
penalties on discriminatory
acts and practices
8

RA 11166
SALIENT FEATURES Prohibition and corresponding
penalties on discriminatory
acts and practices
8
The following discriminatory acts and practices shall be prohibited:
► Discrimination in the workplace
► Discrimination in learning institutions
► Restrictions to Travel and Habitation
► Restrictions to Shelter
► Prohibition from Seeking or Holding Public Office
► Exclusion from Credit and Insurance Services
► Discrimination in Hospital or Health Institutions
► Denial of Burial Services
► Act of Bullying
► Other similar or analogous discriminatory acts

Key Messages
Know your
HIV status
Treat
Early
Adhere to
Treatment

Key Message
Know your HIV
status
• HIV testing services for key
populations (MSM, Transgender,
People Who Inject Drugs), pregnant
women & TB patients
• Demand generation activities
(community, facility, social media)
• STI diagnosis and treatment
• Condoms & water-based lubricants
• Rapid HIV diagnostic algorithm
(same-day test result)

Key Message
• FREE antiretroviral drugs for
ALL PLHIV
• Treat ALL policy
• Enhancing linkage to care
• PhilHealth OHAT package
• Pre-Exposure prophylaxis for
high risk individuals
(prevention)
Treat
Early

Key Message
• ART adherence
counseling
• Viral load monitoring
• HIV case management
• Involvement of support
groups and mechanisms
Adhere to
Treatment

MARAMING SALAMAT PO SA
PAKIKINIG 

Basics of HIV and STIs (English) 03292023 (1).pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Basics of HIV and STIs (English) 03292023 (1).pptx

Similar to Basics of HIV and STIs (English) 03292023 (1).pptx (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Basics of HIV and STIs (English) 03292023 (1).pptx