This document provides supplementary materials to help students better understand economics and management. It includes vocabulary words in both English and Farsi. There are exercises matching vocabulary words to their meanings and identifying the correct tense of verbs. Suggestions are given for improving students' speaking, reading, and listening skills as they relate to economics, such as asking questions before and after lessons to encourage discussion, summarizing objectives to strengthen reading comprehension, and listening to audio to enhance pronunciation.

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Supplementary Materials for Students
of
Economics and Management
Name of participants:
Parham qasemkhani
Email address:
p.ghasemkhani73@gmail.com
student no. 962001593
Leila kiani nezhad
E-mail:
Leilakeani407@gmail.com
Student no. 962154832
Advisor: Dehbashi sharif PH.D.
Islamic Azad university of Tehran Central branch
Dear reader,
We have tried to write a book to help the readers to have a better understanding of the
following book more grammar, vocabulary, writing and listening skills are added to the book.

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Vocabulary equivalent in farsi
Services: ‫خدمات‬
Satisfaction : ‫رضا‬
‫ی‬
‫ت‬
Rationality : ‫منطق‬
‫ی‬
Purchase : ‫خر‬
‫ی‬
‫د‬
Production : ‫تول‬
‫ی‬
‫د‬
Prediction : ‫پ‬
‫ی‬
‫ش‬
‫ب‬
‫ی‬
‫ن‬
‫ی‬
Positive economics: ‫مثبت‬ ‫اقتصاد‬
Normative economics: ‫اصول‬ ‫اقتصاد‬
‫ی‬
Nature : ‫طب‬
‫ی‬
‫عت‬
Models or theories: ‫تئور‬
‫ی‬
Microeconomics: ‫خرد‬ ‫اقتصاد‬
Macroeconomics : ‫کالن‬ ‫اقتصاد‬

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Answer the following vocabulary questions
1 The government aims to improve public services, especially education
1) silliness
2) services *
3) inability
4) rudeness
2. He smiled in satisfaction when he won the race.
1) interest
2) disposal
3) profit
4) satisfaction *
3. The ………… for the intense scrutiny at airports is to prevent hijackers from taking over
airplanes.
1) rationale *
2) stupidity
3) ineptness
4) incomprehension
4. The store debited his account for the ………………..
1) books
2) purchase*
3) salaries
4) advantage

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5. The …………….. in this factory is spiral.
1) production *
2) charisma
3) yard
4) advancement
6. All the local forecasters are ……………… rain for this afternoon.
1) putting away
2) disposal
3) bringing
4) predicting *
7. He had an insight into human ……………..
1) angry
2) nature *
3) density
4) bones

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Match the words with their meaning.
 Nature
 Models or theories
 Microeconomics
 Macroeconomics

‫تئوری‬

‫کالن‬ ‫اقتصاد‬

‫طبیعت‬

‫خرد‬ ‫اقتصاد‬
Present perfect simple or continuous?
Situations that started in the past and still continue
We can use either the present perfect simple or continuous for situations that started in the past
and still continue. But we must use the present perfect simple with stative verbs, and we
normally use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs (although the present perfect
simple is also possible.)
 We’ve had this car for years.
 I haven’t been sleeping well lately.
We use the present perfect continuous with dynamic verbs for situations that started in the past
and still continue when we want to emphasise how long the situation has lasted.
 I have been waiting for hours! (=I want to emphasise that I’ve been waiting for a long time).
 I couldn’t do the dishes. I’ve been working all day.
Finished and unfinished situations
We use the present perfect simple for finished actions in the past, and the present perfect
continuous for situations (happening from the past till now) that may or may not have finished.
 Who has eaten my cookies? (=We would say this if there are no cookies left)
 Who has been eating my cookies? (=We would say this if there are some cookies left)
 I’ve been watching the series you recommended. I’ll tell you about it when I finish watching it.
 I’ve watched the series you recommended. I watched the last episode yesterday.

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Actions with present results
We can use both present perfect simple or continuous for recent actions with a present result,
but we use the present perfect simple when the present results come from having finished the
action, and we use the present perfect continuous when the present results come from the process
of performing the action (which may or may not have finished).
 Look how nice my car looks. I’ve washed it.
 Sorry I’m so sweaty. I’ve been washing my car.
 Something is different in this house. Have you painted it?
 How come you are so dirty? Have you been painting?

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• Speaking :
• It allows us to form connections, influence decisions, and motivate change. Without
communication skills, the ability to progress in the working world and in life, itself, would be
nearly impossible. Public speaking is one of the most important and most dreaded forms of
communication.
• Students' embarrassment , low level of knowledge and lack of ideas cause students
not to speak
• Solution:
1. Storytelling words in groups of 3, 4
students.
1. Talk about the subjects.

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2. Before starting the lesson , the teacher should ask the questions about the subjects
of the lessons.
3. Talk about the new news about the subjects.
4. Make a short film or introduce it for students to see and talk in the class.
5. Give a history of the subject. 7)The lesson itself has questions.
Before start the lesson ask this questions:
1. Talk about economics, what the recent news heard about economics?
2. what changes have taken place in the economy in the last 10 years?
3. world news about economics!
After finish the lesson ask this questions:
1. Explain the microeconomics and macroeconomics.
2. what is the different between microeconomics and macroeconomics?
3. why the economics is a science?
4. what is the different between positive and normative economics?

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Reading
▪ Objection of a book
Could summarize General objectives and bring part Readind or select part of General
objectives as a Reading part.
▪ importance of Reading
1) helps them learn to listen.
2) helps them develop their language skills.
3) give us more ideas.
4) allows for creative thinking.
5) helps improve concentration.
A: pre_task (before reading)
1) Is our country's economy strong?
2) How much does the economy affect the future of our children?

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Economics affects our daily lives in both
obvious and subtle ways. From an individual perspective, economics frames many choices
we have to make about work, leisure, consumption and how much to save. Our lives are also
influenced by macro-economic trends, such as inflation, interest rates and economic growth.
We are constantly faced with choices. Itmay be a matter of limited time.
Another important element of life is work. Which job will give the most satisfaction? It is not
just about finding a well-paid job, we tend to gain most job satisfaction when we feel part of
the process and a degree of responsibility and influence. Behavioural economists such as
Dan Ariely have examined motivations for work and find that income/bonuses is less
important than
suggested by neo-liberal economic theory. As a final thought – is economics overvalued? As
a society do we give too much weighting to maximising income, profit and GDP? In a sense,
traditional economics encourages us to view life from an economic/monetary perspective.
But, perhaps this causes us to miss out on more important issues, such as spiritual
understanding, concern for the environment, concern for others and getting the correct
work/life balance.....
B: post_task(after reading)(answer the question by your self then practice with your partner)
1) As a final thought – is economics overvalued?
2) are humans really rational utility maximisers – as suggested by traditional economic
theory?
3) we are living in a period of high inflation, how would that affect our economic
welfare?
4) If we are considering investing in the stock market or housing market, what can
economics teach us?

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listening
▪ Objection of the book:
Part listening was not mentioned at all, it could have brought the audio for the word part,
thus strengthening the students' pronunciation ,too.
▪ Importance of the listening:
Good listening allows us to demonstrate that we are paying attention to the thoughts,
feelings
and behaviours of the other person (seeing
the world through their eyes). This is crucial to maintaining productive
relationships, and sometimes the only way
to establish communication.
A: share your opinion with your partner , how economic work?
B: listen to the audio and answer to this questions.
1)what is economic? 2)why it is important?
2) What makes money worthless?
3) What affects the economy?

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