Supervision and Administration

2. Types of Test Useful in School Administration
and Supervision
1. Intelligence tests- these tests attempt to
measure the degree of potential ability which an
individual possesses; or his innate capacity to
adapt himself to novel situations.
Examples of Intelligence tests are the following:
1. Army Alpha – which is designed for literates.
2. Army Beta -is for illiterates.
3. Aptitude tests

3. Types of Standardized and Non- Standardized
Educational Tests
1. Survey Tests – Tests of this type are batteries
of achievement tests. They are constructed
to cover a wide area of learning content. It is
also designed to measure the total
performance of an individual in a given field
of knowledge, or to compare the
performance of a group against group or the
group against itself.

4. 2. Diagnostic tests- these tests are designed to
discover or to diagnose specific learning
difficulties of the pupils.
3. Prognostic tests- the term itself indicates the
function of the tests.

5. School Grades
No discussion of the measurement of the results
of teaching is complete without a consideration
of the real importance of tests scores once they
have been obtained.
1. Percentage System- the percentage system
assumes an absolute standard. The grades has
some subjective concept of perfect performance
for the particular exercise being graded. To this
perfection standard he assigns the value of 100
percent or 100 point scale.

6. 2. The Normal-Curve or the Missouri Plan- the
normal curve system uses an entirely different
point of reference. It is formula and the law of
chance. The average achievement of ability of
the particular class taking the test is used as a
standard against which each individual’s
performance is judged. The individual’s test
performance is graded in proportion to its
distance from the average score.

8. The real difference between the two systems is
that the Percentage System or Garrett Plan
assumes that the absolute standards of
judgement can be applied validity by the
teacher, while the Normal Curve or Missouri
Plan recognized that tests vary in difficulty and
the judgement vary in the marking.

9. Tests and Measurements
Classes in any situation , we all probably confirm
this idea if we have experience in grading test
papers. Those who advocate the curve system for
grading purposes take cognizance of this fact in
as much as they recommend that somewhere
between three and seven grade distinctions can
be made.

10. The table below illustrates the wide variation possible in the
percentage system. It shows the numbers of teachers giving
various grades to the same geography and test paper.
Grades Assigned Number of Teachers
89-91 1
86-88 4
83-85 5
80-82 17
77-79 14
74-76 40
71-73 57
68-70 95
65-67 102
62-64 75
59-61 66
56-58 40

12. “Education is the most powerful
weapon which you can use to change
the world”
- Nelson Mandela