Use this guide to assist with installing your Sun Seeker Solar Hot Water System. It contains guidelines for orientation towards the sun, ideal angles of elevation, and how to assemble components.
Service Solahart (021) 99316735 cikarang Kami Dari CV.DAVITAMA Menyediakan Jasa Perbaiakan Pemanas Air Solahart Solar Water Heater Tenaga Matahari Solahart Super L Series - Solahart L Series - Free Heat Gold KF-JBT - Handal ECO Ditangani teknisi berpengalaman selama puluhan tahun
OFFICE Support
Butuh informasi solahart detail mengenai produk kami? Kami melayani service, penjualan, spare part, juga melayani para member kontraktor yang ingin menjual produk kami kepada konsumen mereka. Kami juga melayani pelayanan GARANSI bagi setiap konsumen yang mendapat masalah tentang problem produk SOLAHART. Hubungi Teknisi Atau Marketing Consultan kami segera..!! CV Davi Natama
Solar Water heater Tenaga Matahari adalah sebuah alat yang berfungsi sebagai pemanas air. Water heater banyak digunakan di hotel, apartemen , rumah susun , dan perumahan. Khususnya di dataran tinggi , water heater hampir dimiliki oleh setiap rumah karena cuaca atau iklim yang dingin Sebuah pemanas air tenaga matahari (Solar Water Heater) dapat menjadi solusi yang tepat untuk rumah anda. Jika anda frustrasi dengan biaya listrik rumah anda, mungkin sudah saatnya untuk menjangkau solusi energi yang lebih efisien. Anda bisa mendapatkan pemanas air lain yang jauh lebih efisien daripada yang anda miliki. Tenaga matahari tersedia melimpah tak terbatas untuk anda, ini solusi yang memberi manfaat untuk Anda
This document summarizes the components and operation of a solar water heater. It discusses the basic components which include a flat plate collector, insulated water storage tank, insulated pipes, and an auxiliary heater. The flat plate collector converts solar energy to thermal energy using an absorber, transparent cover, insulation, and tube fins. The insulated water storage tank stores the hot water, and the insulated pipes transport water between the collector and tank. An auxiliary heater provides supplemental heat on cloudy days or for freezing protection. The document also briefly discusses the types of solar water heating systems and their applications.
Cooling tower water treatment is essential to the overall operation of the cooling tower. Here are a few warning signs that will tell you a cooling water treatment system is needed for your plant.
A hydroelectric power plant harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. It consists of a dam that creates a reservoir of water, turbines that convert the energy of falling water into mechanical energy, and generators that transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. The plant is ideally located near a river in hilly areas where a large dam and reservoir can be built. Hydroelectric power is a renewable source of energy that produces no emissions. However, it has high upfront costs and power generation depends on water availability, which can fluctuate with weather patterns.
Bluetech Cooling Equipments is the leading world class Manufacturer & Exporter of large size Cooling Towers, All range of FRP Cooling Towers, Timber Cooling Towers, Evaporative Cooling Towers, Dry Cooling Towers & Heat Exchangers from India
(E book free energy) how to build a solar icemakersiddhantkrishna
The document describes a solar-powered ice maker that uses a simple refrigeration process. It uses ammonia as the refrigerant and calcium chloride salt as the absorbent material. Solar energy heats the salt-ammonia mixture during the day, causing the ammonia to boil out of the generator and condense into a liquid, absorbing heat from its surroundings and creating ice. At night, the condensed ammonia evaporates and is re-absorbed by the cooling salt, continuing the refrigeration cycle without external energy input. This provides an off-grid solution to refrigeration needs using renewable energy with few moving parts.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations and HVAC systems for cooling buildings. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower: the main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft cooling towers.
Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres (660 ft) tall and 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres (130 ft) tall and 80 metres (260 ft) long. The hyperboloid cooling towers are often associated with nuclear power plants,[1] although they are also used to some extent in some large chemical and other industrial plants. Although these large towers are very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning.
Service Solahart (021) 99316735 cikarang Kami Dari CV.DAVITAMA Menyediakan Jasa Perbaiakan Pemanas Air Solahart Solar Water Heater Tenaga Matahari Solahart Super L Series - Solahart L Series - Free Heat Gold KF-JBT - Handal ECO Ditangani teknisi berpengalaman selama puluhan tahun
OFFICE Support
Butuh informasi solahart detail mengenai produk kami? Kami melayani service, penjualan, spare part, juga melayani para member kontraktor yang ingin menjual produk kami kepada konsumen mereka. Kami juga melayani pelayanan GARANSI bagi setiap konsumen yang mendapat masalah tentang problem produk SOLAHART. Hubungi Teknisi Atau Marketing Consultan kami segera..!! CV Davi Natama
Solar Water heater Tenaga Matahari adalah sebuah alat yang berfungsi sebagai pemanas air. Water heater banyak digunakan di hotel, apartemen , rumah susun , dan perumahan. Khususnya di dataran tinggi , water heater hampir dimiliki oleh setiap rumah karena cuaca atau iklim yang dingin Sebuah pemanas air tenaga matahari (Solar Water Heater) dapat menjadi solusi yang tepat untuk rumah anda. Jika anda frustrasi dengan biaya listrik rumah anda, mungkin sudah saatnya untuk menjangkau solusi energi yang lebih efisien. Anda bisa mendapatkan pemanas air lain yang jauh lebih efisien daripada yang anda miliki. Tenaga matahari tersedia melimpah tak terbatas untuk anda, ini solusi yang memberi manfaat untuk Anda
This document summarizes the components and operation of a solar water heater. It discusses the basic components which include a flat plate collector, insulated water storage tank, insulated pipes, and an auxiliary heater. The flat plate collector converts solar energy to thermal energy using an absorber, transparent cover, insulation, and tube fins. The insulated water storage tank stores the hot water, and the insulated pipes transport water between the collector and tank. An auxiliary heater provides supplemental heat on cloudy days or for freezing protection. The document also briefly discusses the types of solar water heating systems and their applications.
Cooling tower water treatment is essential to the overall operation of the cooling tower. Here are a few warning signs that will tell you a cooling water treatment system is needed for your plant.
A hydroelectric power plant harnesses the kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. It consists of a dam that creates a reservoir of water, turbines that convert the energy of falling water into mechanical energy, and generators that transform mechanical energy into electrical energy. The plant is ideally located near a river in hilly areas where a large dam and reservoir can be built. Hydroelectric power is a renewable source of energy that produces no emissions. However, it has high upfront costs and power generation depends on water availability, which can fluctuate with weather patterns.
Bluetech Cooling Equipments is the leading world class Manufacturer & Exporter of large size Cooling Towers, All range of FRP Cooling Towers, Timber Cooling Towers, Evaporative Cooling Towers, Dry Cooling Towers & Heat Exchangers from India
(E book free energy) how to build a solar icemakersiddhantkrishna
The document describes a solar-powered ice maker that uses a simple refrigeration process. It uses ammonia as the refrigerant and calcium chloride salt as the absorbent material. Solar energy heats the salt-ammonia mixture during the day, causing the ammonia to boil out of the generator and condense into a liquid, absorbing heat from its surroundings and creating ice. At night, the condensed ammonia evaporates and is re-absorbed by the cooling salt, continuing the refrigeration cycle without external energy input. This provides an off-grid solution to refrigeration needs using renewable energy with few moving parts.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature.
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which extracts waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid to near the wet-bulb air temperature or, in the case of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid to near the dry-bulb air temperature.
Common applications include cooling the circulating water used in oil refineries, petrochemical and other chemical plants, thermal power stations and HVAC systems for cooling buildings. The classification is based on the type of air induction into the tower: the main types of cooling towers are natural draft and induced draft cooling towers.
Cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top units to very large hyperboloid structures (as in the adjacent image) that can be up to 200 metres (660 ft) tall and 100 metres (330 ft) in diameter, or rectangular structures that can be over 40 metres (130 ft) tall and 80 metres (260 ft) long. The hyperboloid cooling towers are often associated with nuclear power plants,[1] although they are also used to some extent in some large chemical and other industrial plants. Although these large towers are very prominent, the vast majority of cooling towers are much smaller, including many units installed on or near buildings to discharge heat from air conditioning.
This document is a report on cooling towers submitted by a group of 5 chemical engineering students at the Gujarat Technological University. It provides an introduction to cooling towers, describing their main components and functions. It discusses the key parameters for evaluating cooling tower performance, including range, approach, effectiveness, cooling capacity, and evaporation loss. The primary goal of cooling towers is to reject heat from cooling water circuits into the atmosphere through evaporation.
The document discusses various utilities systems for buildings including water supply and plumbing, electrical systems, mechanical systems for heating/cooling, and communications/media. For water supply, it describes different source types and interior plumbing materials. It outlines electrical supply from the meter to circuits. Mechanical systems discuss heating, cooling, ductwork, and exhaust ventilation. Communications includes wired and wireless options for phone, TV, internet, and data networks.
A report on Fast Breeder Test Reactor: Fast breeder reactors are the second stage of three-stage power program of India formulated by Homi Bhabha in 1950s. IGCAR is working with the mission of development of the technology of Sodium cooled fast reactors. Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) is a 40MW thermal, loop type, sodium cooled fast reactor.
THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER OF A 1000 MW NUC...Sayeed Mohammed
This poster was presented at 2nd International Bose Conference, 2015, December 03-04, 2015, University of Dhaka
Abstract
Cooling towers use the principle of evaporative cooling to remove process heat from the cooling water and reduces its temperature to the wet-bulb air temperature. It is a heat and mass transfer device. This method of cooling provides with efficient and environment-friendly method of cooling particularly in locations where sufficient cooling water cannot be easily obtained from natural sources or where concern for the environment imposes some limits on the temperature at which cooling water can be returned to the surrounding. Cooling towers are an important part of the nuclear power plants which remove heat from coolant (water) of the condenser and recirculate it. Natural draft cooling towers represent a relatively inexpensive and dependable means of removing heat from cooling water as air inside it is circulated by natural convection, no mechanical means such as fans propellers are needed. The performance of the natural draft cooling tower is dominated by wind speed, ambient air temperatures and humidity in the atmospheric conditions. This paper provides the analysis of designing a natural draft cooling tower considering all these parameters with the help of trial and iterative method. The effect of height, diameter, and the type of filling material selected, are studied.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ZEOLITE BASE SOLAR VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION S...Journal For Research
Solar adsorption refrigeration represents important criteria of solar energy due to excellent matching between high sun-shine and the refrigeration need. The refrigerant pair can be taken by zeolite in powder form and water as refrigerant. The experiment used different parameters like co-efficient performance, temperature different, solar collector design, cooling unit, mass flow rate, pressure difference etc. Several literatures are used to develop experimental analysis to prepare an experimental setup and their results validation. Analysis new style structure adsorbent bed had been designed ,which has some character follows: compact structure, good performance in bearing strength, high efficiency in heat & mass transfer, great packing amount of adsorbent & uniform temperature field in the bed.
This document discusses different cooling systems for transformers. It begins by introducing transformers and the need for cooling to prevent overheating. It then describes various cooling methods including air cooling, oil cooling, and nitrogen cooling. For oil cooling it explains natural, forced air, forced water, and combinations of forced methods. It concludes by discussing advantages of different cooling systems and their applications, and provides an overview of transformer protection devices.
GONKA, established as a limited company in 1986 in Ostim, Ankara, has become one of the leading firms in Heating - Cooling - Air Conditioning - Ventilating Installation, with the high performance and disciplined working mentality of Halil GONCU (Mechanical engineer, BS MS ITU, 1975) and Salih KADAYIFCIOGLU (Mechanical Engineer, BS GU, 1982) within more than 23 years for both manufacturing and contracting.
GONKA Company, has been continuing its activities, in its factory located in Sincan Organized Industrial Area, since 1996. GONKA manufactures its products related to Heating - Cooling - Air Conditioning - Ventilating Installation in its factory in an area of 10.000 m2 and equipped with the latest technology.
GONKA, which is continuing its activities through its technical and managerial staff in its modern Directorate General Building in Cetin Emec Boulevard, Ankara which it has moved in 2002, has been replaced "GONKA Air Conditioning Installation Construction and Trade Joint-Stock Company" by transforming into "joint-stock company" in 2003.
GONKA enforces its activity in Turkey By serving through its network consisted of Istanbul and Ankara Region Offices and maintenance-repair services firms. In regions other than these, GONKA offers contact and service through local offices and central maintenance-repair crews.
GONKA; has KnowHow, especially about the field of "Clean Room" technology, which requires sterility in operating theatres and air conditioning-ventilating systems of environments such as operas, theatres, auditorium buildings, television studios which require silence.
GONKA has created "model company" profile in air conditioning sector through both manufacturing or supply of devices and its disciplined approach in mechanical operations by succeeding a lot of projects within last 23 years. GONKA, which has focused on internto 32 countries and succeeded many projects in Middle-East, Asia and Africa countries by its powerful foreign trade departmentational projects in last 15 years, gave representations
The document discusses various topics related to power plant systems and operations:
1. It provides a schematic diagram labeling the key components of a closed-loop water cooling system with cooling tower for a diesel electric plant.
2. It lists 7 principal data that should be included in pump specifications, such as the nature of the liquid, flow rate, head pressure, and type of service.
3. It names 3 functions of insulation, including reducing heat loss, preventing injury, and protecting surfaces from corrosion.
The document discusses field erected cooling towers, which are customized cooling towers designed for large industrial applications. It describes the different types of induced draft cooling towers based on their material of construction, including fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) towers. It emphasizes the importance of considering how the cooling towers will interact with their surrounding environment to prevent issues like recirculation, interference, and poor plume dispersion. Several case studies of large FRP cooling tower installations are presented.
This document provides information on various building components related to ventilation, roof types, excavation equipment, brick types, framing components, electrical systems, plumbing fixtures, insulation types, roofing materials, and window types. Key terms defined include soffit vents, ridge vents, gable vents, roof turbines, header bricks, soldier bricks, framing components like studs and plates, electrical terms like service panels and receptacles, plumbing drain sizes, insulation materials, roof features, and window styles.
The document describes the design and construction of a small-scale cooling tower for a laboratory. It operates by pouring hot water (around 80 degrees C) into the top inlet, where a rotating plastic rotor creates wind force and distributes the water across multiple layers of wood wool inside the tower. As the hot water comes into contact with the wood wool, it soaks up the heat energy and lowers the water's temperature to 20-30 degrees C by the time it exits at the bottom. Key materials used include stainless steel, plastic, wood wool, and PVC piping. The total estimated cost is between $50-70.
This document contains information about various pool heating and cooling equipment, including:
1. An air/water heating/cooling pump that can extend the swim season and keep pool water comfortable year-round.
2. A G2 heat exchanger with a titanium tube bundle and stainless steel shell for efficient heat transfer between primary and secondary water circuits.
3. An Evolution electric pool heater that is fully equipped and easy to install for heating chlorinated pools.
Industrial boilers are closed vessels made of steel used to generate steam by combusting fuels like coal. They are classified based on their orientation (vertical or horizontal), firing method (internally or externally fired), and tube configuration (fire tube or water tube). Common fire tube boiler types include vertical simple cross tube boilers, Cochran boilers, and Lancashire boilers used in small industries. Water tube boilers like Babcock & Wilcox and Stirling boilers are used in large power plants due to their ability to operate at high pressures and capacities. Boilers require safety devices, controls, and accessories to operate efficiently and safely.
Power Plant Engineering: Conventional and non-conventional energy resources, Hydro-electric,
Thermal, Nuclear. Wind, Solar [with Block diagram].
Power Producing Devices: Boiler - Water tube and lire tube. Internal combustion engine - Two stroke
and four stroke (Spark ignition and compression ignition). Turbines - Impulse and reaction.
Power Absorbing Devices: Pump - Reciprocating and Centrifugal, Compressor - Single acting, single
stage reciprocating air compressor, Refrigeration - Vapour compression refrigeration process, House
hold refrigerator. Window air conditioner (Working with block diagrams).
The document describes the key components and operation of an ice plant, which uses ammonia as the primary refrigerant and a brine solution of ethylene glycol and water as the secondary refrigerant. The main components are the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, ice cans, cooling tower, and pumps. The plant has three separate circuits - the refrigerant circuit with ammonia, the cooling water circuit, and the brine solution circuit which transfers heat from the water to produce ice using the ammonia refrigerant in a closed loop system.
A heat pipe heat exchanger is a simple device which is made use of to transfer heat from one location to another, using an evaporation-condensation cycle.
A boiler is a combination of systems and equipment in which chemical energy is converted into thermal energy, which is then transferred to working fluid, so as to convert it into steam at high temperature and pressure.
Corrosion is a relevant problem caused by water in boilers. Corrosion can be of widely varying origin and nature due to the action of dissolved oxygen, to corrosion currents set up as a result of heterogeneities on metal surfaces, or to the iron being directly attacked by the water.
While basic corrosion in boilers may be primarily due to reaction of the metal with oxygen, other factors such as stresses, acid conditions, and specific chemical corrodents may have an important influence and produce different forms of attack.
The key parts of a nuclear reactor include the fuel, fuel rods, and control rods. The fuel is made of enriched uranium dioxide pellets contained within metal fuel rods bundled together. Control rods made of boron are raised or lowered to control the rate of the nuclear chain reaction. A moderator like water or heavy water is used to slow fast neutrons released during fission so that the reaction is sustained. A cooling system removes heat from the reactor core using coolants like water that are circulated through the reactor.
The document discusses the requirements for installing domestic hot water plumbing systems. It covers topics like head height between the cold water storage cistern and hot water cylinder, pipe sizing and positioning, installation of valves, vent pipes, thermostats and other components. Proper installation is important for efficient system operation and preventing issues like heat loss or scalding. Factors like property size, storage needs, usage and costs should be considered when choosing a hot water system type.
Water steam Circuit in Supercritical Boiler for 660MW Power PlantHareesh VS
An animated presentation over Complete water steam circulation in a super critical boiler with flow chart. The water-steam path through various Systems (High pressure & Low pressure systems) in boiler for a 660MW thermal power plat, and also indicates the temperature and pressure variations after flowing through individual systems. Watch Live Presentation on YouTube: http://youtu.be/snIVrTmI4bM
This document describes a solar tracking system that uses light sensors and a microcontroller to rotate a solar panel towards the sun for increased efficiency. It discusses two main tracking techniques - fixed control algorithms that calculate the sun's position based on time/date, and dynamic tracking that actively finds the sun's position. The system uses two LDR light sensors to detect sunlight and a motor driver controlled by a microcontroller to rotate the solar panel towards the brighter sensor. When constructed, the solar tracker was able to maintain the panel at an angle perpendicular to the sun, increasing power output by over 30% compared to a fixed panel.
This document is about a battery level indicator project submitted by Anish Anand, a student with roll number 9911005012 in the electronics and communication engineering department at Kalasalingam University. The project is guided by their assistant professor Mr. M. K. Parmathma of the electronics and communication engineering department at the university.
This document is a report on cooling towers submitted by a group of 5 chemical engineering students at the Gujarat Technological University. It provides an introduction to cooling towers, describing their main components and functions. It discusses the key parameters for evaluating cooling tower performance, including range, approach, effectiveness, cooling capacity, and evaporation loss. The primary goal of cooling towers is to reject heat from cooling water circuits into the atmosphere through evaporation.
The document discusses various utilities systems for buildings including water supply and plumbing, electrical systems, mechanical systems for heating/cooling, and communications/media. For water supply, it describes different source types and interior plumbing materials. It outlines electrical supply from the meter to circuits. Mechanical systems discuss heating, cooling, ductwork, and exhaust ventilation. Communications includes wired and wireless options for phone, TV, internet, and data networks.
A report on Fast Breeder Test Reactor: Fast breeder reactors are the second stage of three-stage power program of India formulated by Homi Bhabha in 1950s. IGCAR is working with the mission of development of the technology of Sodium cooled fast reactors. Fast Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) is a 40MW thermal, loop type, sodium cooled fast reactor.
THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER OF A 1000 MW NUC...Sayeed Mohammed
This poster was presented at 2nd International Bose Conference, 2015, December 03-04, 2015, University of Dhaka
Abstract
Cooling towers use the principle of evaporative cooling to remove process heat from the cooling water and reduces its temperature to the wet-bulb air temperature. It is a heat and mass transfer device. This method of cooling provides with efficient and environment-friendly method of cooling particularly in locations where sufficient cooling water cannot be easily obtained from natural sources or where concern for the environment imposes some limits on the temperature at which cooling water can be returned to the surrounding. Cooling towers are an important part of the nuclear power plants which remove heat from coolant (water) of the condenser and recirculate it. Natural draft cooling towers represent a relatively inexpensive and dependable means of removing heat from cooling water as air inside it is circulated by natural convection, no mechanical means such as fans propellers are needed. The performance of the natural draft cooling tower is dominated by wind speed, ambient air temperatures and humidity in the atmospheric conditions. This paper provides the analysis of designing a natural draft cooling tower considering all these parameters with the help of trial and iterative method. The effect of height, diameter, and the type of filling material selected, are studied.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ZEOLITE BASE SOLAR VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION S...Journal For Research
Solar adsorption refrigeration represents important criteria of solar energy due to excellent matching between high sun-shine and the refrigeration need. The refrigerant pair can be taken by zeolite in powder form and water as refrigerant. The experiment used different parameters like co-efficient performance, temperature different, solar collector design, cooling unit, mass flow rate, pressure difference etc. Several literatures are used to develop experimental analysis to prepare an experimental setup and their results validation. Analysis new style structure adsorbent bed had been designed ,which has some character follows: compact structure, good performance in bearing strength, high efficiency in heat & mass transfer, great packing amount of adsorbent & uniform temperature field in the bed.
This document discusses different cooling systems for transformers. It begins by introducing transformers and the need for cooling to prevent overheating. It then describes various cooling methods including air cooling, oil cooling, and nitrogen cooling. For oil cooling it explains natural, forced air, forced water, and combinations of forced methods. It concludes by discussing advantages of different cooling systems and their applications, and provides an overview of transformer protection devices.
GONKA, established as a limited company in 1986 in Ostim, Ankara, has become one of the leading firms in Heating - Cooling - Air Conditioning - Ventilating Installation, with the high performance and disciplined working mentality of Halil GONCU (Mechanical engineer, BS MS ITU, 1975) and Salih KADAYIFCIOGLU (Mechanical Engineer, BS GU, 1982) within more than 23 years for both manufacturing and contracting.
GONKA Company, has been continuing its activities, in its factory located in Sincan Organized Industrial Area, since 1996. GONKA manufactures its products related to Heating - Cooling - Air Conditioning - Ventilating Installation in its factory in an area of 10.000 m2 and equipped with the latest technology.
GONKA, which is continuing its activities through its technical and managerial staff in its modern Directorate General Building in Cetin Emec Boulevard, Ankara which it has moved in 2002, has been replaced "GONKA Air Conditioning Installation Construction and Trade Joint-Stock Company" by transforming into "joint-stock company" in 2003.
GONKA enforces its activity in Turkey By serving through its network consisted of Istanbul and Ankara Region Offices and maintenance-repair services firms. In regions other than these, GONKA offers contact and service through local offices and central maintenance-repair crews.
GONKA; has KnowHow, especially about the field of "Clean Room" technology, which requires sterility in operating theatres and air conditioning-ventilating systems of environments such as operas, theatres, auditorium buildings, television studios which require silence.
GONKA has created "model company" profile in air conditioning sector through both manufacturing or supply of devices and its disciplined approach in mechanical operations by succeeding a lot of projects within last 23 years. GONKA, which has focused on internto 32 countries and succeeded many projects in Middle-East, Asia and Africa countries by its powerful foreign trade departmentational projects in last 15 years, gave representations
The document discusses various topics related to power plant systems and operations:
1. It provides a schematic diagram labeling the key components of a closed-loop water cooling system with cooling tower for a diesel electric plant.
2. It lists 7 principal data that should be included in pump specifications, such as the nature of the liquid, flow rate, head pressure, and type of service.
3. It names 3 functions of insulation, including reducing heat loss, preventing injury, and protecting surfaces from corrosion.
The document discusses field erected cooling towers, which are customized cooling towers designed for large industrial applications. It describes the different types of induced draft cooling towers based on their material of construction, including fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) towers. It emphasizes the importance of considering how the cooling towers will interact with their surrounding environment to prevent issues like recirculation, interference, and poor plume dispersion. Several case studies of large FRP cooling tower installations are presented.
This document provides information on various building components related to ventilation, roof types, excavation equipment, brick types, framing components, electrical systems, plumbing fixtures, insulation types, roofing materials, and window types. Key terms defined include soffit vents, ridge vents, gable vents, roof turbines, header bricks, soldier bricks, framing components like studs and plates, electrical terms like service panels and receptacles, plumbing drain sizes, insulation materials, roof features, and window styles.
The document describes the design and construction of a small-scale cooling tower for a laboratory. It operates by pouring hot water (around 80 degrees C) into the top inlet, where a rotating plastic rotor creates wind force and distributes the water across multiple layers of wood wool inside the tower. As the hot water comes into contact with the wood wool, it soaks up the heat energy and lowers the water's temperature to 20-30 degrees C by the time it exits at the bottom. Key materials used include stainless steel, plastic, wood wool, and PVC piping. The total estimated cost is between $50-70.
This document contains information about various pool heating and cooling equipment, including:
1. An air/water heating/cooling pump that can extend the swim season and keep pool water comfortable year-round.
2. A G2 heat exchanger with a titanium tube bundle and stainless steel shell for efficient heat transfer between primary and secondary water circuits.
3. An Evolution electric pool heater that is fully equipped and easy to install for heating chlorinated pools.
Industrial boilers are closed vessels made of steel used to generate steam by combusting fuels like coal. They are classified based on their orientation (vertical or horizontal), firing method (internally or externally fired), and tube configuration (fire tube or water tube). Common fire tube boiler types include vertical simple cross tube boilers, Cochran boilers, and Lancashire boilers used in small industries. Water tube boilers like Babcock & Wilcox and Stirling boilers are used in large power plants due to their ability to operate at high pressures and capacities. Boilers require safety devices, controls, and accessories to operate efficiently and safely.
Power Plant Engineering: Conventional and non-conventional energy resources, Hydro-electric,
Thermal, Nuclear. Wind, Solar [with Block diagram].
Power Producing Devices: Boiler - Water tube and lire tube. Internal combustion engine - Two stroke
and four stroke (Spark ignition and compression ignition). Turbines - Impulse and reaction.
Power Absorbing Devices: Pump - Reciprocating and Centrifugal, Compressor - Single acting, single
stage reciprocating air compressor, Refrigeration - Vapour compression refrigeration process, House
hold refrigerator. Window air conditioner (Working with block diagrams).
The document describes the key components and operation of an ice plant, which uses ammonia as the primary refrigerant and a brine solution of ethylene glycol and water as the secondary refrigerant. The main components are the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, ice cans, cooling tower, and pumps. The plant has three separate circuits - the refrigerant circuit with ammonia, the cooling water circuit, and the brine solution circuit which transfers heat from the water to produce ice using the ammonia refrigerant in a closed loop system.
A heat pipe heat exchanger is a simple device which is made use of to transfer heat from one location to another, using an evaporation-condensation cycle.
A boiler is a combination of systems and equipment in which chemical energy is converted into thermal energy, which is then transferred to working fluid, so as to convert it into steam at high temperature and pressure.
Corrosion is a relevant problem caused by water in boilers. Corrosion can be of widely varying origin and nature due to the action of dissolved oxygen, to corrosion currents set up as a result of heterogeneities on metal surfaces, or to the iron being directly attacked by the water.
While basic corrosion in boilers may be primarily due to reaction of the metal with oxygen, other factors such as stresses, acid conditions, and specific chemical corrodents may have an important influence and produce different forms of attack.
The key parts of a nuclear reactor include the fuel, fuel rods, and control rods. The fuel is made of enriched uranium dioxide pellets contained within metal fuel rods bundled together. Control rods made of boron are raised or lowered to control the rate of the nuclear chain reaction. A moderator like water or heavy water is used to slow fast neutrons released during fission so that the reaction is sustained. A cooling system removes heat from the reactor core using coolants like water that are circulated through the reactor.
The document discusses the requirements for installing domestic hot water plumbing systems. It covers topics like head height between the cold water storage cistern and hot water cylinder, pipe sizing and positioning, installation of valves, vent pipes, thermostats and other components. Proper installation is important for efficient system operation and preventing issues like heat loss or scalding. Factors like property size, storage needs, usage and costs should be considered when choosing a hot water system type.
Water steam Circuit in Supercritical Boiler for 660MW Power PlantHareesh VS
An animated presentation over Complete water steam circulation in a super critical boiler with flow chart. The water-steam path through various Systems (High pressure & Low pressure systems) in boiler for a 660MW thermal power plat, and also indicates the temperature and pressure variations after flowing through individual systems. Watch Live Presentation on YouTube: http://youtu.be/snIVrTmI4bM
This document describes a solar tracking system that uses light sensors and a microcontroller to rotate a solar panel towards the sun for increased efficiency. It discusses two main tracking techniques - fixed control algorithms that calculate the sun's position based on time/date, and dynamic tracking that actively finds the sun's position. The system uses two LDR light sensors to detect sunlight and a motor driver controlled by a microcontroller to rotate the solar panel towards the brighter sensor. When constructed, the solar tracker was able to maintain the panel at an angle perpendicular to the sun, increasing power output by over 30% compared to a fixed panel.
This document is about a battery level indicator project submitted by Anish Anand, a student with roll number 9911005012 in the electronics and communication engineering department at Kalasalingam University. The project is guided by their assistant professor Mr. M. K. Parmathma of the electronics and communication engineering department at the university.
Temperature Controlled DC fan using ThermistorZaheer Basha
The document describes a temperature controlled DC fan circuit. The circuit uses an NTC thermistor, op amp, transistor, and DC motor to automatically control a fan based on temperature. When the temperature sensed by the thermistor is above a preset level, the op amp activates the transistor, powering the DC motor and turning the fan on. When the temperature returns to normal, the fan turns off. The circuit provides automatic temperature control of devices in a simple and economical way.
IESA: Automation for Oil & Gas IndustryVincent BOYER
As a player in the Oil & Gas industry, IESA Automation possesses the accreditations and
trained personnel necessary to carry out off-shore missions. Accordingly, the company is on
the TOTAL and ENI Vendor Lists.
Automatic fan controller based on room temperaturenikhilreddy411
This document describes an automatic fan controller circuit that uses a thermistor and operational amplifier to monitor temperature. If the temperature exceeds a predefined limit, the thermistor sends a signal to the operational amplifier to activate a relay and fan, maintaining the temperature. Key components include a bridge rectifier, voltage regulator, thermistor, variable resistor, capacitor, transistor, diode, and relay. The circuit provides automatic fan control without human intervention to ensure cooling when temperatures rise.
The document describes an automatic DC fan controller project using a thermistor. The project involves designing a circuit that can automatically control the speed of a DC fan based on temperature readings from a thermistor. The circuit uses an LM741 operational amplifier, NTC thermistor, resistors, and other components. As temperature increases, the thermistor's resistance decreases, causing the fan speed to increase accordingly to regulate the temperature. The document provides details of the circuit design and components, working principle, testing and potential applications of the automatic temperature-controlled fan system.
Here is a circuit through which the
speed of a fan can be linearly controlled
automatically, depending
on the room temperature. The circuit is
highly efficient as it uses thyristors for
power control. Alternatively, the same
circuit can be used for automatic temperature
controlled AC power control.
In this circuit, the temperature sensor
used is an NTC thermistor, i.e. one having
a negative temperature coefficient. The
value of thermistor resistance at 25°C is
about 1 kilo-ohm.
Op-amp A1 essentially works as
I to V (current-to-voltage) converter
and converts temperature variations
into voltage variations. To amplify
the change in voltage due to change in
temperature, instrumentation amplifier
formed by op-amps A2, A3 and A4
is used. Resistor R2 and zener diode
D1 combination is used for generating
reference voltage as we want to amplify
only change in voltage due to the
change in temperature.
Op-amp μA741 (IC2) works as a
comparator. One input to the comparator
is the output from the instrumentation
amplifier while the other input
is the stepped down, rectified and
suitably attenuated sample of AC voltage.
This is a negative going pulsating
DC voltage. It will be observed that
with increase in temperature, pin 2 of
IC2 goes more and more negative and
hence the width of the positive going
output pulses (at pin 6) increases linearly
with the temperature. Thus IC2
functions as a pulse width modulator
in this circuit. The output from the
comparator is coupled to an optocoupler,
which in turn controls the AC
power delivered to fan (load).
The circuit has a high sensitivity and
the output RMS voltage (across load) can
be varied from 120V to 230V (for a temp.
range of 22°C to 36°C), and hence wide
variations in speed are available. Also
note that speed varies linearly and not
in steps. Besides, since an optocoupler is
used, the control circuit is fully isolated
from power circuit, thus providing added
safety. Note that for any given temperature
the speed of fan (i.e. voltage across
load) can be adjusted to a desired value
by adjusting potmeters VR1 and VR2
appropriately.
Potmeter VR1 should he initially kept
in its mid position to realise a gain of approximately
40 from the instrumentation
amplifier. It may be subsequently trimmed
slightly to obtain linear variation of the
fan speed.
fan speed control by using temperature sensorNandeesh Boya
This document describes a fan control circuit that uses a temperature sensor. The circuit uses a thermistor temperature sensor that varies resistance based on temperature to control the speed of a DC fan. As temperature increases, fan speed increases to cool the area. The circuit aims to reduce power consumption by only running the fan as needed based on temperature. It could assist disabled individuals and be used for temperature monitoring and control in various industries.
Solar energy is energy from the sun that can be converted into thermal or electric energy. Thermal energy from the sun is used for heating while electric energy uses photovoltaic cells to produce electricity. The document discusses the history of solar energy development and provides examples of practical solar energy applications today such as solar panels, vehicles, street lights, and water pumps. It also outlines the advantages of solar energy being renewable, sustainable, and reducing environmental impacts compared to fossil fuels. The high upfront costs of solar energy systems and dependence on sunlight availability are mentioned as disadvantages.
This document provides an overview of solar energy. It discusses that solar energy originates from thermonuclear fusion in the sun and consists of radiant light and heat. It also discusses different types of solar radiation and how solar energy can be used for heating, cooling, and generating electricity through solar thermal technologies and photovoltaic cells. The document also discusses current and future prospects of solar power development in Pakistan.
Automatic temperature control using 8085 microprocessorsubhradeep mitra
This document describes an automatic temperature control system using an 8085 microprocessor. The system uses an AD590 temperature sensor, differential amplifier, ADC0808 converter, and 8085 microprocessor to control a heater or cooler based on upper and lower temperature setpoints. The system aims to minimize manual intervention in industrial temperature control applications. Key components include the temperature input unit, processing unit, and control output unit. The system provides temperature control with minimal components at low cost.
The document describes the planets in our solar system. It begins with Mercury, the smallest planet closest to the sun, and ends with Neptune, the farthest planet from the sun. In between are descriptions of Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and the moon. The solar system consists of the sun and eight planets that orbit it in a counter-clockwise direction. It is estimated to have formed between 4.53 and 4.58 billion years ago, with the sun containing around 98% of the material in the solar system.
This document provides an overview of safety management and equipment at a Vestas substation in India. It discusses unsafe actions by personnel that can cause accidents. It then describes different types of fire extinguishers - soda acid, foam, and dry chemical powder - and how to operate each one. Finally, it outlines the various equipment found at a 110/11kV substation, including bus bars, transformers, breakers, protective devices, and more. The layout and functions of the key functional equipment are explained.
Solar Water Heater ERU revised standar version (1).pptxAlianMustafa
A group of students submitted a report on a solar water heater to Sir Syed Saqib. The 3 sentence summary is:
The report defined a solar water heater, described its key components like collectors and tanks, and explained its advantages in efficiency and ease of use compared to electric systems. Experiments were conducted to show how temperature in the water increases over time with sunlight and various methods were proposed to increase the efficiency, such as adding mirrors or insulation.
The document describes the operation and components of a small-scale solar still for distilling water. A solar still uses sunlight to heat water in a shallow basin, causing evaporation. Vapors condense on the glass cover and drain as distilled water. Key components are the basin, glass cover, and distillate collection trough. With a daily solar irradiation of 18 MJ/m2, a simple basin still can produce around 2.3 liters of distilled water per square meter of aperture area. The still works best when the basin water is shallow and hot compared to the condensing surface.
This document summarizes solar water heaters, including their main components, types, and workings. There are two main types: flat plate collector systems and evacuated tube collector systems. Flat plate collectors use absorber plates and tubes to transfer heat from sunlight to water. Evacuated tube collectors use glass tubes with a vacuum between the inner and outer tubes for insulation, and transfer heat via a liquid inside the tubes to the water. Both work via thermosyphon effect, where hot water rises due to lower density. Solar water heaters are renewable, non-polluting, and can provide hot water for homes, businesses and more, but have limitations around storage and output on cloudy days.
SunMaxx Installation Manual - StorMaxx Solar Hot Water Storage TanksSunMaxx Solar
This document provides an installation guide for StorMaxx CTEC Series water tanks. It includes requirements for the installation room and tank, descriptions of tank components like insulation, water casing, and electric heating elements. It also provides instructions for connecting a safety relief valve and technical specifications for various tank models.
The document discusses transformer construction. It describes how transformers are constructed with laminated silicon steel cores, wound primary and secondary coils, and housed in tanks filled with oil for cooling. There are two main types of transformer construction - core type and shell type. Core type transformers have one magnetic core limb, while shell type have a central limb surrounded by two side limbs. Distribution transformers are designed for efficiency at partial loads, while power transformers prioritize current limiting. Transformers are cooled through natural convection of the insulating oil flowing through the windings and external radiators.
The document discusses how solar thermal systems use heat from the sun to save money on water heating costs by installing a system with solar collectors, a storage tank, pumps and a backup electric water heater; it can typically save enough to recoup the investment within 5-8 years and uses evacuated glass tubes to efficiently collect solar energy even in cold climates.
This document provides instructions for installing a solar water heating system, including:
- Proper planning such as load analysis and determining component locations is essential.
- Mounting the collectors, heat exchanger, and storage tank according to manufacturer instructions.
- Using the correct materials and fittings to plumb the solar loop and avoid galvanic corrosion.
- Testing the system for leaks before filling it and commissioning.
This document provides installation and operation instructions for Autotrol Logix 764 control valves and Performa CV series water softening valves. It includes sections on safety, location selection, equipment installation, control and valve features, system specifications, programming options, service/maintenance, troubleshooting, and wiring/assembly diagrams. The document is intended to guide installers on setting up water softening systems using these Autotrol components.
This document discusses various types of solar energy collectors and their applications. It begins by explaining that solar energy can be captured as heat or electricity using solar collectors. It then describes different types of collectors - flat plate collectors, which are best for moderate temperatures below 100°C, and concentrating collectors, which produce higher temperatures but are more complex. Specific collector types discussed include flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, parabolic trough collectors, and solar air heaters. Applications mentioned include solar water heating, solar space heating, solar drying, and solar cooking.
This document discusses different types of solar hot water systems and best practices for their installation and plumbing. It outlines various solar hot water systems like active pumped split systems and passive thermo siphon systems. The document then discusses challenges with installations in different parts of the world like China, Kenya, and Spain. Specifically, it notes issues with using low quality or incompatible materials for pipes, fittings, insulation and collectors that can cause systems to fail prematurely. The document emphasizes the importance of using only high quality, durable materials suited for withstanding high temperatures and UV exposure.
Building Energy 2014: PV and SHW Design basics by Fortunat Muellerfortunatmueller
This document provides an overview of the solar energy course for architects, engineers, and contractors. It begins with an introduction and agenda. It then discusses the motivation for solar energy, including environmental, energy security, and economic benefits. The document defines solar energy and discusses solar fundamentals like insolation, collector orientation, and installation angle. It covers topics such as sun path, shading analysis, and solar thermal systems for domestic hot water, space heating, pool heating, and commercial applications. Components of solar thermal systems like collectors, storage tanks, piping, insulation, pumps, and controllers are described. Residential and commercial solar domestic hot water system design processes are outlined in 12 steps.
The document discusses the turbine vacuum system, which is required to increase the enthalpy drop across the steam turbine and improve its efficiency. The key components of a vacuum system include the condenser, cooling water system, ejectors or vacuum pumps, and gland sealing system. The condenser uses cooling water to condense exhaust steam from the turbine, lowering the pressure and allowing more heat to be extracted from the steam. Ejectors or liquid ring vacuum pumps are then used to evacuate non-condensable gases from the condenser and achieve the desired vacuum level.
Service Solahart Bogor Pemanas Air Solar Water Heater Tenaga Matahari Solahart ahli
Dalam rangka untuk memastikan layanan terbaik dan saran, Solahart pemanas air tenaga surya dan sistem tenaga surya hanya tersedia melalui Expert Solahart lokal Anda. Dan dengan cakupan seluruh Australia ada satu tidak jauh dari Anda. Cari ahli terdekat Anda di sini.
Semua ahli kami dilatih dan memenuhi syarat untuk menilai rumah Anda atau bisnis dan penggunaan energi Anda. Konsultasi surya GRATIS kami menjamin Anda mendapatkan solusi terbaik mutlak surya untuk situasi Anda. Buku gratis di rumah surya kutipan di sini.
Tidak hanya installer sistem tenaga surya kita diakreditasi oleh Dewan Energi Bersih, mereka juga dilatih oleh Solahart untuk memastikan bahwa setiap instalasi dilakukan sesuai dengan standar instalasi kami yang ketat dan hanya komponen yang ditentukan oleh Solahart digunakan untuk memastikan kinerja dan keamanan sistem tenaga surya Solahart Anda.
This document summarizes the details of two unused stainless steel evaporative condensers. Each unit is rated at 827 tons and was manufactured by Evapco with model ATW-207C. The units feature stainless steel construction, enclosed fan motors, quick connect piping, sloped access ladders, and elliptical coil designs. Additional details are provided on optional accessories and each unit's dimensions and electrical specifications.
This document summarizes the presentation and testing of solar water heater prototypes. Two prototypes were evaluated: a normal collector prototype and a heat pipe implemented prototype. Experiments found the heat pipe prototype to be more efficient, reaching higher temperatures and having higher power and efficiency. A cost analysis found the heat pipe prototype would save users money over 15 years compared to electric water heating. The document provides details on the objectives, limitations, components, experiments conducted, and conclusions that the heat pipe solar water heater performs better and is more cost effective long term.
Solar water heaters(http://www.slideshare.net/danielvhenny/benefits-of-solar-water-heater-to-the-human-society) are very helpful to the folks in day-to-day life. It contains two types of collector, in which the suitable collectors are installed in the home according to homeowner needs. This slide shows full details about evacuated tube collectors specifications and their advantages.
2. Principle of Operation ----------------------------------------- 1
Standard Hot Water Piping Schematic ----------------- 2
Dimensions --------------------------------------------------------- 3
Orientation --------------------------------------------------------- 4
Inclination ---------------------------------------------------------- 5
The Insulated Hot Water Storage Tank ------------------ 6-7
Anatomy of Solar Collector --------------------------------- 8
The Solar Collector --------------------------------------------- 9
The Elements ----------------------------------------------------- 10
Assembling The System --------------------------------------- 11 - 15
Commissioning The System --------------------------------- 16
Pitch Roof Installation ----------------------------------------- 17
The Straps ---------------------------------------------------------- 18
Flat Roof Installation ------------------------------------------- 19
Concealed Tank Installation ------------------------------- 20 - 21
Multiple Installation -------------------------------------------- 22
Series Parallel Installation ------------------------------------ 23
Specification ----------------------------------------------------- 24
Frequently Asked Questions -------------------------------- 25 - 26
3. 1. Water supply is connected to the system.
2. The water then fills up the riser pipes and storage tank.
3. When solar radiation is absorbed, water becomes hot and rises.
This is called the Thermosyphon principle.
4. The hot water then rises and stores in the insulated hot water
storage tank.
5. Hot water supply outlet.
PAGE 1 of 26
4.
1. Recommended hot water pipes such as copper, stainless steel or
any other approved hot water pipes.
2. Schematic and pipe dimensions shown are for a standard
domestic dwelling.
Sunseeker
Kitchen
-------- HOT WATER
_____ COLD WATER
PAGE 2 of 26
5. PAGE 3 of 26
6. 1. Maximum solar radiation
2. North or south
Ideal Orientation (Facing North or South)
lf North or South not available. Face East
Facing West not recommended
PAGE 4 of 26
7. 1. Minimum inclination is 7 degrees
2. Maximum inclination is 40 degrees
PAGE 5 of 26
8. • Storage Tank
The storage cylinder is made of 1.5mm stainless steel is to withstand
higher operating pressures and water temperatures.
• Insulation
The hot water storage insulation is pressure injected CFC Free
polyurethane foam which is a combination of polyol, isocynate and
a blowing agent. This insulation keeps hot water temperatures hotter
for longer periods of time.
• Casing
Made of aluminium stucco, it is corrosion and rust proof to withstand
all sorts of weather conditions and rainfall. A wash after a few years
will give it a brand new look.
• Hot Water Enhancer
This feature reduces the inertia of water going into the system so that
hot water temperatures are not drastically reduced.
• Electric Element & Thermostat
This electric element combined with a thermostat is provided in the
event of continuous rainy days or when more hot water is required. If
switched-on, water temperature will reach the pre-set temperature
of 60 Degrees Celsius before cut-off.
• Pressure & Temperature Relief Valve
This safety valve is provided to protect the storage tank from extreme
water pressures and water temperature. It will release in the form of
steam or water.
PAGE 6 of 26
9. • End Caps
15A 380V~
TYPE RTM
WATER HEATER
PAGE 7 of 26
10. PAGE 8 of 26
11. • Tempered Glass
The solar glass cover is made of 4.0mm tempered glass for durability
and higher transmittance of solar radiation.
• Absorber Plate
The absorber plate is made of 0.3mm aluminium and coated matt
black polyester to absorb more heat from the solar radiation. It
comes in a complete piece for maximum heat transfer and minimal
heat loss.
• Copper Risers
There are six copper risers per solar collector and these copper risers
are bonded to the absorber plate for maximum heat transfer.
• Collector Insulation
The collector insulation ensures that heat trapped by the solar
collector through solar radiation is maximized and not lost through
inferior collector insulation.
• Header Pipe
There are two header pipes per collector, one for the cold water
entry and the other for hot water exit from the solar collector. These
header pipes link all copper risers together and are inter-connected
during installation by brass fittings.
• Collector Casing
The collector casing is made of marine grade aluminium for longer
lifespan and to ensure that the heat absorbed during solar radiation
is kept to a maximum.
PAGE 9 of 26
12. 1. 22mm Elbow
2. 22mm Socket
3. 22mm End Cap
4. I /2" x 3/4" S/S Nipper
5. I/2" x l /2" S/S T-Connector
6. PT Valve
7. One Way Valve
PAGE 10 of 26
13. • First connect the two collector sockets at the solar collector as
shown in the diagram but do not tighten as yet.
• Then push the other solar collector to connect with the collector
unions and tighten all collector union plugs.
PAGE 11 of 26
14. • Now connect the end - plugs as shown and tighten.
• Place storage tank as shown
PAGE 12 of 26
15. • Connect (1) Long Arm and (2) Short Arm and tighten
• Connect 'T' Connector & Brass Reducer (Nipper)
PAGE 13 of 26
16. • Connect the 'T' Connector and Brass Reducer to the outlet at
the top of the storage tank as shown
• Once that is in place connect the pressure & temperature relief
valve at the 'T' Connector as shown
PAGE 14 of 26
17. PAGE 15 of 26
18. • Now that you have successfully assembled the system, all you need
to do is connect the water supply, cold water inlet and hot water
outlet.
• First ensure that all connector and end plugs are tightened.
Secondly, please ensure that electric element is also tightened.
Never switch-on the electricity before the system is completely filled
with water.
• Now connect cold water supply inlet to the end-fill nut on the long-
arm. Just before cold water connection to the end fill nut, a non-
return valve must be installed to prevent back-flow. Hot water outlet
connection is at the 'T' Connection (see previous page).
PAGE 16 of 26
19. • If it is a pitch roof, the solar hot water system should sit on at least two
rafters and at least 7-8 batons.
• Pitch inclination should not be more than 45 degrees
• Remove tiles to expose rafters and batons where location has been
identified.
Nail Stainless Steel Straps on rafters Replace roof tiles back to original position
PAGE 17 of 26
20. • The first thing to do is to strap the solar collector.
• Then strap the storage tank.
PAGE 18 of 26
21. • For flat roof installations, a bracket is required. Normally the bracket is
made of aluminium as it will not rust or corrode. If a galvanized iron
bracket is made, then it should be coated with red-oxide or any anti-
rust solution.
Bracket dimensions should fit the solar hot water system. Please
check complete system dimension before fabricating bracket.
PAGE 19 of 26
22. • For concealed tank installations, the ideal conditions would be, 1.
The pitch of the roof should be steep but not more than 45 degrees,
2. The distance between the solar collector and the storage tank
should not be too far apart and 3. The storage tank must be higher
than the solar collectors.
• For concealed tank installation, a service tray should be made to fit
the entire storage tank in the event of servicing.
• The inter-connecting pipes from the solar collector to the storage
tank should be insulated.
• The drain pipe for the pressure and temperature relief valve must be
fitted and the drainage to a reliable drain source.
PAGE 20 of 26
23. • Storage Tank Must Always Be Higher Than Solar Collectors
PAGE 21 of 26
24. • Two units in Series Connection
• For series connection, the maximum number of units per series is
6. If the total number of units is 8 or more, then you need to
divide them into two groups of 4 each (see next page).
• It is strongly recommended, if the total numbers of units exceed
6 units, try to accommodate for even number of units for
maximum efficiency and reduction of sleeping units.
PAGE 22 of 26
25. • Eight units in Series Parallel Connection
• First in last out rule must be observed at all times
PAGE 23 of 26
26.
Storage Tank
Capacity 300 Litres
Cylinder 1.5 mm Stainless Steel
End Dome 2.0 mm Stainless Steel
Hot Water Enhancer Stainless Steel
Electric Booster 2.0 kW
Thermostat 420to 800C
Safety Valve RMC 700 kPa
Casing Aluminium Stucco
End Cap Electro-deposition Coating
Tank Foot Stainless Steel
Tank Clamp & Strap 1.5 mm Stainless Steel
Solar Collector
Glass 4.0 mm Tempered Glass
Absorber Plate Aluminium
Absorber Coating Matt Black
Risers Copper (6 per panel)
Casing Aluminium
Fittings Brass
Collector Clamp & Strap Stainless Steel
PAGE 24 of 26
27. • Can my roof take the weight of the solar hot water system?
Yes. The weight of the solar hot water system is spread over an area
approximately 8 ft. by 8 ft. and sits on about 64 standard roof tiles.
Nevertheless, if required it is recommended that an inspection of the roof
and roof thrust is done.
• Where the solar hot water system should be installed?
Ideally the solar hot water system should be installed facing north or south.
However, if this is not possible then the ideal option would be to face east.
• What happens if it rains?
If the rain continues for days and there is insufficient solar radiation, the
back-up booster can be switched-on. REMEMBER to switched-off after use
as the electric booster will work again if the temperature drops below 60
degrees.
• What if there is no cold water supply from the mains?
There will be no hot water coming from the solar hot water system if there
is no cold water supply as the solar hot water system is a pressurized
system and therefore requires water pressure to push the hot water out.
• How many systems do I need?
This depends on the number of people you have at home and also the
type of hot water facilities you have in your bathrooms. For a basic family
of about 6 - 8 people and an average sized home, a 300 litres system
would be sufficient for 2 showers per day.
PAGE 25 of 27
28. • When is the best time to install the solar hot water system?
The best time to install the solar hot water system is when the plumbers
have laid the hot water pipes and before the plastering begins. This will
allow your plumbers to test the pipes with cold and hot water and if there
are no leaks, the plastering can begin.
• How long does the solar hot water system takes to heat up?
In tropical climates the solar hot water system takes about 2 and a half
hours if the correct inclination and orientation has been adhered to. This
also depends on others weather condition such as wind, insolation from
clouds, trees etc.
• What if the cold water pressure in my house is not good?
If this low water pressure problem exists, then it is better to consider an
automatic water pressure pump as it will help you to increase the water
pressure in your home.
• What sort of maintenance is required?
Basically there is no maintenance required as the only moving part is
water. However, if you live near an area where there is quite a lot of
pollution, like near an industrial estate, then a good wash every 12 months
would be good. The pressure and temperature relief valve, although it
lasts more than 10 years is recommended to be change every 7 years.
PAGE 26 of 26