The document discusses the key aspects of introducing and defining a research problem. It begins by defining research and outlining its main functions. It then describes different types of research such as descriptive, explanatory, and experimental research. It also discusses other dichotomies that classify research such as pure/applied and quantitative/qualitative. Finally, it outlines the typical steps in the research process from identifying the problem to data analysis and reporting. The document emphasizes that properly identifying and defining the research problem is crucial as it forms the foundation of the entire research process.
family as a social institution, Government as a social institution, educational institute as a social institution , economy as a social institution , religion as a social institution
family as a social institution, Government as a social institution, educational institute as a social institution , economy as a social institution , religion as a social institution
Social and Political Stratification Definition
Systems of Stratification
Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification
Social MObility and Social Inequality
Learning Outcomes:
Identify and describe the characteristics and functions of different social institutions
Explain and illustrate the various types of governments
Discuss the relationships between economy and education
Show the interrelationships among the social institutions
Social and Political Stratification Definition
Systems of Stratification
Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification
Social MObility and Social Inequality
Learning Outcomes:
Identify and describe the characteristics and functions of different social institutions
Explain and illustrate the various types of governments
Discuss the relationships between economy and education
Show the interrelationships among the social institutions
5) You are performing an audit of purchases of desktop compute.docxalinainglis
5) You are performing an audit of purchases of desktop computers. Describe the audit procedure(s) you might use to achieve each of the five audit objectives listed below. Be specific. Use slide 3 in the week 5 lecture for the list of possible audit procedures (you may want to also consult PCAOB 15 paragraphs 15-21 as well as other readings in week 5). You will not get credit for a one word answer.
slide 3 in the week 5 lecture
1) PCAOB 15 Audit Evidence
http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/Auditing_Standard_15.aspx
1) All of the computers purchased have been recorded in the accounting records.
2) The computers recorded as being purchased actually exist.
3) Depreciation expense has been calculated correctly
4) Laws and regulations regarding software usage have been followed (e.g., no pirated or illegal software is installed).
5) The computers are properly safeguarded from theft or unauthorized use.
Here is a helpful hint on how to go about responding to question 5.
For example let’s say you are asked to determine that the useful lives and salvage values of the computers are reasonable. A possible response would be to inquire about how the useful lives and salvage values of the computers were determined and then compare the estimated useful lives and salvage values of these computers with comparable computers used in other divisions or functional areas of the company.
Extra Credit – True/False (each question is worth 1 point)
1) Most frauds are detected by internal auditors.
2) Evidence from within the company is considered more reliable than evidence obtained from third parties
3) The internal auditor has no role in fraud prevention or detection
4) Confirmation involves examining trends and relationship among financial and non-financial data
5) Expertise within the internal auditing department is a barrier to implementing data analysis technologies
Paula Thompson
1 posts
Re:Constructing 10 Strategic Points
Hello Elizabeth-
I am so glad that you worked on this over the weekend and sent it to me in advance. What you have done -- and this happens with a few students every class -- is propose an interesting future study on incivility in higher ed. However, the guidelines for this assignment limit the scope to a replication of the 2007 Clark and Springer study. This means that many of the elements of the 10 Strategic Points (e.g., problem statement, research questions, purpose statement, data colection, data analysis) should be exactly the same as the Week 2 strategic points except with a population of undergraduate psychology students and faculty.
For example, the correct phrasing of the Week 2 problem statement that I provided you was "It is not known what the possible causes and remedies are of incivility in nursing education in a university environment from both student and faculty perspectives." For the Week 5 assignment, you would use the problem statement verbatim but just change "nursing ed.
Running head: CYBERBULLYING 1
CYBERBULLYING 6
Cyberbullying and the First Amendment
Jane Doe
July 28, 2016
Cyberbullying and the First Amendment
All papers should have an introductory paragraph that provides background on the subject you are going to write about in the paper. I recommend finding a current event, perhaps an article where a student committed suicide after having been the target of cyberbullying. A good approach follows this line: Tell them what you are going to tell them (introduction), Tell them (body of paper), and Tell them what you told them (Conclusion). The introduction must contain a thesis statement previewing the paper. An examination of Minford School District’s school board policy as well as the faculty and student handbooks in addition to the relevant sections of the Ohio Revised Code followed by a review of the First Amendment arguments the student who is charged with cyberbullying might make, and the First Amendment responses based on case law the school district could argue, will provide insight into the issue of cyberbullying. (This is just an example off the top of my head). (Another approach for the purpose statement could be: Having been notified that a student in your class has been subjected to bullying through another classmate's Facebook page, a discussion of steps required by (enter your state's name)"s statutes, (enter your school district's name)'s school board policies as well as the student handbook, will provide a basis for examining any First Amendment arguments that the bullying has raised, and a discussion of the school district’s First Amendment argumentative responses consistent with the cases in the assigned readings.)
State Statutes and District Policies on Cyberbullying
Paragraph one should explain how the school district policy that you are examining addresses cyberbullying. You should examine the district’s policy, the faculty handbook, and the student handbook. Make sure that you are correctly providing in-text citations to these sources.
In a separate paragraph, you should examine your state’s laws on cyberbullying. (We looked these up in one of the DQs this week). The question you should answer after reviewing each of the above are what steps that a faculty member should take based on the laws and policies examined. Another issue to examine might be if the policy differentiates between cyberbullying that occurs out of school and cyberbullying that occurs during school. Remember to refer back to the facts of the specific scenario as you examine each of these laws or policies. Citations to sources should be used throughout the paper. Transition sentence into the next section of the paper goes here. Examples: Having examined the Minford Local School District’s policy, the faculty handbook, the student handbook, and the Ohio Revised Code, this paper w ...
FIRST CLASSMATE’S REPLY By Erika Little Discussion Board Modu.docxclydes2
FIRST CLASSMATE’S REPLY:
By Erika Little
Discussion Board Module 4-Doctoral Persistence
COLLAPSE
Research Question: Why is the persistence for doctoral students greater for those who participate in online programs?
I intend to interview first year doctoral students and graduating doctoral students to get the varying perspectives on the answers to these questions. First year students may view persistence having general obstacles like tuition affordability and course work whereas graduating students have a seasoned perspective and may have specific data around persistence and obstacles for students. I believe both pools of interviews will yield valuable data.
Five Interview Questions:
Do you believe online doctoral programs allow greater flexibility for students?
Do you think online doctoral programs are [more difficult] or [less difficult] for student persistence?
Is student persistence and academic rigor mutually exclusive?
Do you agree that doctoral persistence is a result of many variables?
Do you agree that online programs compared to face to face programs mitigate many persistence obstacles for students?
Analysis
The research question is “Why is the persistence of doctoral students greater for those who participate in online programs?” The purpose of this research question is to focus the research and analysis of whether persistence of doctoral students is related to how students take their courses. Online courses offer a great deal of flexibility for students, whereas face to face courses have an advantage of dialogue and the formation of interpersonal relationships between students. Each delivery format has its pros and cons, but the purpose of the research question is to evaluate the experience of doctoral students to see what obstacles existed for them and if those obstacles were associated with their course delivery format. For example, if students cite extracurricular responsibilities as an obstacle, having face to face courses may have impacted their schedule if they work or have a family.
The data retrieved for this research analysis will be retrieved through a series of interviews with first year doctoral students and doctoral students who have recently graduated, with both populations having face to face or online delivery formats. The interview questions posed are purposed with getting the doctoral students to evaluate their own person experience and personal objectives as a student. This information creates a pool of obstacles that the research can report on as what negatively impacts doctoral persistence. It is valuable information despite it having a subjective origin. The personal experience of the doctoral students allows for the research to have more color for the audience reviewing the completed analysis.
In conclusion, the purpose of the research is to evaluate whether online doctoral degree programs have greater persistence because of the perspective that online academics is an easier balance for students. The in.
GE 3000 – Introduction Section (Research Problem Statement)Int.docxshericehewat
GE 3000 – Introduction Section (Research Problem Statement)
Introduction: Formulating a Research Problem is the first and most important step of the research process. While the main portion of your work for this semester is focused on the Literature Review, the introduction to the research paper - The Research Problem Statement – is an important step in setting up the research problem to be investigated.
The Research Problem Statement comes before the Literature Review and acts as an introduction in a full-length research paper. The Research Problem Statement should be about 250-350 words in length, or about a page to a page-and-a-half when double-spaced. You must cite a minimum of two references (two scholarly sources) in proper MLA or APA format.
The main questions a Research Problem answers are:
· What will be researched? Identify a specific problem, program, or phenomenon
· Who will be researched? Who is the study population (people)?
Questions you should ask yourself when composing the Research Problem:
(Note that these questions are not necessarily going to be explicitly answered question-by-question in the Research Problem Statement. Rather, these are things that you should be thinking about and able to answer for yourself before you begin constructing the document).
· Who is the study population? How can you further refine the study population?
· What exactly do you want to understand about the topic/problem?
· Is the Research Problem too broad?
· How relevant is the research to your study area/discipline/major/interests?
· What motivates you to do the research on the chosen topic/problem?
· Why should others be interested in your chosen topic/problem?
· What are the concepts and issues to be studied?
· What concepts and measurements have to be further defined before the study begins?
· Do you have enough time to complete the research?
· Is an answer to the Research Problem obvious?
Constructing a Research Problem
A Research Problem typically consists of three parts: 1) the ideal, 2) the reality, and 3) the consequences.
1. Part A- the ideal: Describes a desired goal or ideal situation; explains how things should be.
2. Part B - the reality: Describes a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value in Part A from being achieved or realized at this time; explains how the current situation falls short of the goal or ideal.
3. Part C - the consequences: Identifies the way you propose to improve the current situation and move it closer to the goal or ideal.
Steps to Writing a Research Problem:
Step 1 (statement 1): Construct statement 1 by describing a goal or desired state of a given situation, phenomenon etc. This will build the ideal situation (what should be, what is expected, desired). How should things be in your topic? What is the ideal scenario?
Step 2 (statement 2): Describe a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value discussed in step 1 from being achieved or realized at the present time. This will build ...
I need about 150 words for each questionPlease answer questions karinorchard1
I need about 150 words for each question
Please answer questions individually and provide each with its own references
Topic 1
Qualitative Research and Theories/Paradigms of Research
DQ 1
Over the past 16 years, only two building permits for new housing construction have been issued in Sedgwick County, Colorado. This is consistent with the depopulation (particularly of younger persons) and economic diminution that is attributed to a declining rainfall since the 1970s. These are quantitative details. It is unclear how much of the depopulation was due to perceived opportunities elsewhere, to copycat or fad behavior, and to perceived change in local economic opportunity. Why is qualitative analysis more likely to identify the leading cause of Sedgwick County's out-migration than quantitative methods? Which characteristics of qualitative research most influenced your response to this question?
DQ 2
In the GCU library, locate four empirical studies you have not used before on a topic you are interested in researching (Use the Empirical Research Checklist to determine if a study is empirical). List the theoretical foundation and Permalink for each study, and add the studies to your RefWorks list. Then determine a theoretical foundation (laws, theories, models, concepts) for a study that you might like to research for your dissertation. Why did you select this foundation? Finally, comment on other learners' theoretical foundations and if/how they can be improved.
Topic 2
Designing Qualitative Studies; Relationships Among Researchers, Subjects, and Institutions
DQ 1
Critics of qualitative research often posit that it is subjective due to the fact that the researcher collects the data. Therefore, the researcher's own prior experiences, prejudices, and attitudes may bias the data, and therefore, the results of the study. How would you respond to someone who presents this criticism to you?
DQ 2
Drawing on your prior knowledge, the studies and literature research you have completed, and the readings for this topic, reflect on the role of ethics in the research process. Discuss strategies a doctoral learner or researcher might employ to protect participants and the institutions (GCU/data collection site) in a study. Explain any concerns/uncertainties you have regarding ethical conduct during dissertation research.
Topic 3
Generating and Collecting Qualitative Data: Procedures and Ethical Considerations
DQ 1
Suppose you are interested in the behaviors of college professors that have high ratings of student satisfaction. The research goal is to identify the teaching behaviors of these successful professors so that these behaviors can be built into the curricula of doctoral leadership programs. The sample for this study will consist of 10 randomly selected professors who received high end-of-course survey scores. You want to use a case study design that requires at least two sources of data. What data collection instruments will be the mo ...
· Locate six articles on a research topic of your interest—two qua.docxoswald1horne84988
· Locate six articles on a research topic of your interest—two quantitative research articles, two qualitative research articles, and two mixed methods research articles—published in peer-reviewed journals.
· Prepare an annotated bibliography that includes the following:
· A one-paragraph introduction that provides context for why you selected the research articles you did.
· A reference list entry in APA Style for each of the six articles that follows proper formatting. Follow each reference list entry with a three-paragraph annotation that includes:
· A summary
· An analysis
· An application as illustrated in this example
· A one-paragraph conclusion that presents a synthesis of the six articles.
· Format your annotated bibliography in Times New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced. A separate References list page is not needed for this assignment.
Running Head: Literature Review
1
Literature Review
2
4-2 Final Project One: Literature Review
Kevin Menard
Southern New Hampshire University
4-2 Final Project One: Literature Review
I. Describe the community need in your local community or a community of your choice, and explain why you chose this issue.
The need or issue that we are going to address in this assignment is the foster care system in the United States. We say that the future of a great nation lies in the hands of our children because they are the individuals who will lead our future generations. The welfare of children in a country is therefore very important. There are so many children in the United States that need to be adopted, and there are about 800,000 children every year that go through the foster care system in the country. The main intention of the foster care system in the United States is to ensure that children are provided with a safe and comfortable environment to grow up. However, over the years this system has failed repeatedly in delivering this objective. This is because there are so many children put in foster care who undergo harsh living conditions due to abuse, neglect, and lack of stability as they are switched from one home to another. Statistics show that more than 60,000 children in foster care go through neglect and abuse every year (Mitchell, 2016). For children welfare to be improved, we need to address this issue, and this is the reason why I picked this issue.
II. Assess the primary and secondary sources for their credibility, justifying how the sources are or are not credible. How do you know the sources are credible? How do you know the sources are not credible?
The research on this issue will be based both on primary and secondary sources. The primary sources to be used in this research are foster parents, children, and the institutions that place children into foster homes. The secondary sources to be used will include the National Institute of Health research on the topic and Children Bureau research.
One can know if a source is credible or not depending on whether or .
1
7
Annotated Bibliography
Lua Shanks
Walden University
Research Theory, Design, and Methods
Dr. Arome
11-7-2021
Annotated Bibliography
Introduction
Autism researchers continue to grapple with activities that best serve the purpose of fostering positive interpersonal relationships for children with autism. Children have benefited from therapy sessions that provide ongoing activities to aid their ability to engage in healthy social interactions. However, less is known about how K–12 schools might implement programs for this group of individuals to provide additional opportunities for growth, or even if and how school programs would be of assistance in the end. There is a gap in understanding the possibilities of implementing such programs in schools to foster the social and mental health of children with autism. The six articles I selected for this assignment present research on different types of therapeutic programs that have been used to promote social interactions in children with autism.
Annotated Bibliography on Autism
Wimpory, D. C., & Nash, S. (1999). Musical interaction therapy – therapeutic play for children with autism. Child Language and Teaching Therapy, 15(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565909901500103
Wimpory and Nash provided a case study
for implementing music interaction therapy as part of play therapy aimed at cultivating communication skills in infants with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The researchers based their argument on films taken of play-based therapy sessions that introduced music interaction therapy. To assess the success of music play, Wimpory and Nash filmed the follow-up play-based interaction between the parent and the child. The follow-up interactions revealed that 20 months after the introduction of music play, the child developed prolonged playful interaction with both the psychologist and the parent. The follow-up films also revealed that the child initiated spontaneously pretend play during these later sessions. After the introduction of music, the child began to develop appropriate language skills.
Since the publication date for this case study is 1999, the results are dated. Although this study found that music interaction therapy is useful, emerging research in the field has undoubtedly changed in the time since this article was published. Wimpory and Nash wrote this article for a specific audience, including psychologists and researchers working with infants diagnosed with ASD. Their focus means that others beyond these fields may not find the findings applicable to their work.
I am interested in the role of music in therapy to foster social and mental health in children with ASD. Therefore, Wimpory and Nash’s research is useful to me for background information on the implementation of music into play-based therapy in infants with ASD. Wimpory and Nash presented a basis for this t ...
HW Writing Sample
Ch 1 Competency Assessment, MHR 3010-12, Spring 2020
Name: Linda Lin
Job Title: Architectural and Electronic Engineering Manager
Job Zone: Five, Extensive Preparation Needed
Projected Growth (2016-2026): Much faster than average (15% or higher)
Projected Job Openings (2016-2026): 13,600
Strength Assessment under Knowledge
Definition: Knowledge: Score 84, Design — Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models.
An Opening Statement
I have possessed solid knowledge of design and learned it from courses taken at Cal Poly Pomona.
The Body Part of Assessment
I have taken a couple of engineering courses such as Engineering Technology and Electrical Engineering at Cal Poly Pomona. I learned about circuit models, diagrams, and drawings and also how to build the circuit and troubleshoot a problem. I have familiarized with some architectural and engineering programs and am able to understand technical documents such as schematics and datasheets. In those classes, I worked on group projects, which required me to apply the design knowledge and our team worked on design schematics and printed circuit board layouts from software. My design knowledge facilitates me in my career advancement toward an engineering manager position and helps me perform well in my occupation.
Concluding Remarks
List one scholarly journal that you will keep reading to update the knowledge you picked above:
Journal of Engineering Design.
List name of an association in your job field you may join in the future:
The Design Society.
Weakness Assessment under Skills
Definition: Skills: Score 75, Deductive Reasoning — the ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense.
An Opening Statement
Deductive reasoning would be a weakness for me when pursuing the engineering manager position.
The Body Part of Assessment
An instance of this flaw is when troubleshooting a circuit board to see why voltage is not present at a certain node. Among many possibilities, I ended up changing a couple of components which were working, wasting resources and time, until I found the defective one. After making same errors a couple of times, I realized the root of the problem is my weak ability to apply general rules to solve specific problems. I haven’t take classes to learn about better \deductive reasoning and had little opportunity to practice this skill. Sometimes, I work through the whole project without identifying some problems while other times, I may identify a problem, but not being able to solve it or give a clear explanation for it.
Concluding Remarks
This homework makes me realize that I need to take effective actions to address my weakness in order to pursue my stated career goal successfully.
Two Steps for Improvement:
First step about learning.
Citation: “Mindware Strategies for How to Do Deductive Reaso ...
The Purpose of Exploratory Research
Exploratory Report
An Exploratory Research..
Exploratory Essay Assignment
Exploratory Essay
Exploratory Report Example
Exploratory Analysis Essay
Exploratory Essay
Exploratory Research Approach
Exploratory Questions
Exploratory Data Analysis
Exploratory Essay On Social Media
Exploratory Self Study Limitations
Examples Of Exploratory Essay
Exploratory Reflective Analysis
Exploratory Essay On Abortion
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Criterion
Status
Criterion Feedback
Introductory Remarks
Does not meet
The study overview is incomplete or unclear.
Key elements are inadequately addressed, all points are not supported in the literature, key concepts lack coherence and clarity. Not framed to proper program of study.
You might add more references to the general literature.
Statement of the Problem
Meets
Your study is novel, but you could do well to more explicitly state the problem: "A lack of diversity results in..."
Purpose of the Study
Meets
The purpose of the study is described and aligns to the stated problem, a summary of how the study will be/was conducted is provided.
Introduction to Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
Meets
The theory(ies) or conceptual framework used to frame the study are identified and explained through use of the literature and study topic.
If multiple frameworks are used, a description is provided for how they interrelate within the context of the study topic and literature.
Nature of Study
Meets
A brief overview of the study design, variables/constructs, instruments, and analyses is provided based on current literature describing why the proposed method and design were chosen to address the study’s research question(s).
This part s Strong!!!
Research Questions/Hypotheses
Does not meet
The research questions are incomplete or lack coherence, clarity, not testable, and/or not aligned to the problem and purpose.
The core concepts and/or operational variables are missing.
The hypotheses (quantitative studies only) are incomplete or lack coherence and clarity, are not testable or not aligned to problem, purpose, and/or design.
The research questions are strong, but the language "job performance" infers analyzing individuals' job performances whereas your DVs seem to be firm-level.
Significance of the Study
Meets
If you gave a preview of your findings this would be easier for the reader to detect.
Definition of Key Terms
Does not meet
The definitions of key terms are incomplete or unclear. Personal descriptions are used, too many common words are used, methods and theoretical terms are included.
"job performance" is ambiguous
Summary
Meets
Chapter ends with a basic summary of the need and purpose of the study, method and design, anticipated contributions, and transitions into the next chapter.
APA Format
Meets
Consistently applies fundamental APA formatting for TOC, List of Tables, List of Figures, throughout the Chapter. The template requirements are followed.
Writing / Presentation
Meets
Follows conventions of scholarly writing, grammar, and punctuation.
NORMAN, ELTON_DIS9901A_ALLIGNMENT TABLE 1
RESEARCH QUESTIONS 3
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Research Questions
Conceptual framework
Despite efforts by the government to foster ethnic diversity at the workplace through practices and policies, gender diversity has fallen short in the banking sector in the United States.
The study expounds on what makes up improved performa.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Summer 2011 presentation1
1.
2. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
3. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
4. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process Researchis defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge that is undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles.
5. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
6. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process answer questions, solve problems and make decisions. helps understand how and why a situation or a problem exists. helps discover new things and ideas. Allows validating of existing theories or generate new ones. helps in identifying and understanding the causes and effects of a situation or a phenomenon. armandorreosura compilation
7. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
8. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process Descriptive Research Explanatory or Correlation Research Intervention or Experimental Research armandorreosura compilation
9. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process
10. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process 1. Pure / Basic vs. Applied /Practical Research 2. Exploratory vs. Explanatory Research 3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research armandorreosura compilation
11. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
12. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
13. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF VARIABLES STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FORMULATION HYPOTHESES FORMULATION CHOOSING APPROPRIATE RESEARCH DESIGN OR METHODOLOGY IDENTIFYING THE TARGET POPULATION AND DO SAMPLING DATA COLLECTION PREPARATION OF THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT TESTING RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY QUESTIONAIRE ADMIN. INTERVIEW TESTING OBSERVATION QUALITY CONTROL DATA PROCESSING ( Editing, Coding, Encoding, Creation of Data File for Tabulation) DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ( Statistical Analysis, Interpretation and Generalization) REPORT PREPARATION AND INFORMATION DESIMINATION The Research Process
14. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM “EVERY RESEARCH STARTS WITH A PROBLEM” “THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM STARTS WITH A CLEAR QUESTION” “DEFINING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM IS THE FUEL THAT DRIVES THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS” “IT IS THE FOUNDATION OF ANY RESEARCH METHODS AND STRATEGIES” armandorreosura compilation
15. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM “THUS, IT IS A MUST THAT YOU KNOW YOUR PROBLEM BEFORE YOU GO ALL THE WAY IN YOUR RESEARCH” KNOW YOUR RESEARCH PROBLEM AS VILMA KNOWS HIS SON SO WELL … AND IF YOU DO YOU CAN DEFINE YOUR PROBLEM AS WELL. armandorreosura compilation
16. The conceptual definition of a problem and a Research problem …a research problem… could be conditions one wants to improve, difficulties one wants to eliminate, questions for which answers are sought information gaps one wish to fill, or theories one wish to validate. basic definition: A problem is anything which gives a person a feeling of discomfort. If a person worries about how things are , he or she has a problem. A problem could be a state of affairs that needs to be changed or anything that is not working as expected. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
17. IDENTIFYING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM “EVERY RESEARCH STARTS WITH A PROBLEM”
18.
19. Let’s Exercise… Come up with even a crude draft of a Research Question NOW NA armandorreosura compilation
20. IS YOUR PROBLEM RESEARCHABLE? NOT ALL PROBLEMS ARE RESEARCHABLE armandorreosura compilation
21. In social research, potential researchable problem exists when the following conditions are present There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy. armandorreosura compilation
22. There may be an existing difficult or disturbing situation, but if this condition is expected to happen because of known circumstances, then the problem is not researchable. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy.
23. Even if there is discrepancy between what is and what should be, because the causes of discrepancy are known at this particular time, there is no need to conduct research anymore. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy. armandorreosura compilation
24. Example of a Non-researchable Problem Situation: Despite free tuition, many high school students in a public school in Province X have dropped out. Records show that more than 50 % of the students have already dropped out before the middle of the school year. (what is) What should be: Students are expected to finish high school because it is free. They should not drop out(what should be). On the contrary, a big number of students dropped out . (discrepancy) Research Question: Why do students drop out? What factors contribute to the high drop out rate? Possible Answer: Fear of being caught in cross fire between military and rebel groups. armandorreosura compilation
25. Comment: There have been violent encounters between the military and rebel groups and many civilians have been caught in the cross fire. It seems clear that the dropping out of the students is due to the armed encounters in the area. If they go to school, they might die, so parents keep them out of school until the peace and order situation in the area returns to normal. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be.
26. Example of a Researchable Problem Situation: Despite free tuition, many high school students in a public school in Province X have dropped out. Records show that more than 50 % of the students have already dropped out before the middle of the school year. (what is) What should be: Students are expected to finish high school because it is free. They should not drop out(what should be). On the contrary, a big number of students dropped out . (discrepancy) Research Question: Why do students drop out? What factors contribute to the high drop out rate? Possible Answer: There are many possible reasons why students drop out. Among the possible reasons are : financial difficulties, far distance of students’ houses from school, students’ lack of interest to study, and poor health. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy.
27. Comment: Since there are a number of possible reasons for the dropping out of students despite free tuition, the problem is researchable. Research can determine the existence and extent of relationship between the identified possible factors and the students’ decision to drop out of school or to stay. Furthermore, research can determine the relative contribution of each factor in the students’ decision to drop out. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy.
28. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
29. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
30. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
31. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
32. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
33. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
35. DEFINING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM “By this time, you should have a full knowledge about your problem.” armandorreosura compilation
36. Once the problem is identified, it should then be defined. The problem definition explains the existence and seriousness of the problem. The definition shows evidences that prove the problem really exists, that it is serious, and/or widespread. The definition of a problem also identifies the elements of a broader problem that are to be the focus of the research activities. armandorreosura compilation
37. Consider these questions to justify your proposal Does the problem really exist? What are the evidences of the problem's existence? Is the problem serious? Who and how many are affected by it? What places are affected? How widespread is it? How often does the problem occur? armandorreosura compilation
38. Things to Remember When Defining a Research Problem Review relevant literature and previous studies on the problem, 2. Examine current available data/statistics, Seek educated opinions from persons concerned with the problem. 4. Determine the probable reasons for the existence of the problem from social, economic, or other theories that may explain the existence of the problem and the possible connection between the problem and other factors. armandorreosura compilation
39. Characteristics of a Good Research Problem At times a research is not completed for some reason. These hindrances would have been eliminated should the researcher have known/identified at the start of his research. Some research topics or titles seems so interesting the but some researchers only failed to think beforehand what it takes to pursue such research. armandorreosura compilation
40. Characteristics of a Good Research Problem A research problem must be relevant. A Research problem must be feasible. A Research problem must be clear. A research problem must be ethical. armandorreosura compilation
41. A research problem must be relevant. The problem must be timely and relevant. It must be of interest to the one investigating it. It should yield answers that will contribute to knowledge and and development. In essence, the problem should be worth investigating and worth the time, money and effort to be spent on it. relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
42. A Research problem must be feasible. A research problem can only be investigated if resources like time, money, and personnel are available. A research problem may be relevant, but if funds are not available and there are no skilled researchers or tools for data gathering, then it would not be feasible to conduct it. Researchers must, therefore be sure of the availability of funds and human resources, as well as appropriate tools/devices needed in the conduct of the study. relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
43. "The Effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Students' Achievement in Mathematics” "The Effect on Achievement of. Providing Each Student a Microcomputer in Their Math Class" relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
44. A Research problem must be clear. The research problem must be clearly stated so that what is being investigated is made clear. Major variables of the study should be measures and should be specified in the problem statement. The use of ambiguous terms must be avoided. relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
45. "Women's Perceptions about Sexual Harassment” "Attitudes Towards Sexual Harassment of Female Rank and File Bank Employees in Makati City" relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
46. A research problem must be ethical. The conduct of the study should not pose any danger, embarrassment, hurt or any risk to the research respondents or subjects or anyone. Information needed to answer the research questions can be collected without violating the rights of the source/s of information. The respondents' privacy must therefore be protected. They should be informed about the purpose of the study and be given the right to consent or refuse to participate in the study. ethical relevant feasible clear armandorreosura compilation
47. "The Effect of Punishment on the Self-. Esteem and Academic Performance of Adolescents" exercises ethical relevant feasible clear armandorreosura compilation
The problem with research is that You need to find a problem even though you don’t have a problem. But please pay attention- do seek for problem or look for a problem but instead—identify the problem. In other words. Such problem should already be existing. All you need to do is to detect such problem – IDENTIFY SUCH PROBLEM.