This document discusses identifying and defining research problems. It provides examples to illustrate the difference between researchable and non-researchable problems. For a problem to be researchable, there must be a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be, and there must be two or more potential reasons for the discrepancy. The document also provides guidance on writing an initial research question to identify the problem and outlines key characteristics of a well-defined research problem.
Research is the most mandatory term for higher education. Data is essential for any research. so, for the purpose of collecting and analysis of data this presentation will help to any students/
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb,
“Catatan MangSi untuk Nusantara” merupakan kumpulan tulisan MangSi yang ditulis, ketika beliau tinggal di New York City, kemudian terus dilanjutkan ketika beliau pindah tinggal di Yayasan Al-Misbah Al-Ulumul Al-Qur’an, yang berada di Gang Menteng, Kampung Ciletuh, Desa Ciderum, Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat.
Di situs ini Anda dapat membaca secara online kumpulan tulisan MangSi dan juga estafet aktualisasinya oleh anak-anak didik MangSi dan ‘sahabat’ MangSi lainnya.
Jika Anda ingin mendapatkan versi ebook atau hardcopy nya Anda dapat membelinya. 100% keuntungan yang didapatkan, akan digunakan untuk mewujudkan ide-ide, mimpi-mimpi MangSi yang ditulis dibuku ini.
Salam’alaina,
Pelangi Pekayon, Pasar Rebo
Research is the most mandatory term for higher education. Data is essential for any research. so, for the purpose of collecting and analysis of data this presentation will help to any students/
Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb,
“Catatan MangSi untuk Nusantara” merupakan kumpulan tulisan MangSi yang ditulis, ketika beliau tinggal di New York City, kemudian terus dilanjutkan ketika beliau pindah tinggal di Yayasan Al-Misbah Al-Ulumul Al-Qur’an, yang berada di Gang Menteng, Kampung Ciletuh, Desa Ciderum, Kecamatan Caringin, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat.
Di situs ini Anda dapat membaca secara online kumpulan tulisan MangSi dan juga estafet aktualisasinya oleh anak-anak didik MangSi dan ‘sahabat’ MangSi lainnya.
Jika Anda ingin mendapatkan versi ebook atau hardcopy nya Anda dapat membelinya. 100% keuntungan yang didapatkan, akan digunakan untuk mewujudkan ide-ide, mimpi-mimpi MangSi yang ditulis dibuku ini.
Salam’alaina,
Pelangi Pekayon, Pasar Rebo
Paparan Menteri Pendidikan RI : Gawat Darurat Pendidikan di IndonesiaNegeri Pelangi
Paparan Menteri Pendidikan RI : Gawat Darurat Pendidikan di Indonesia
Anies R. Baswedan, PhD
Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
disampaikan dalam Silaturahmi Kementerian
dengan Kepala Dinas Jakarta, 1 Desember 2014
GE 3000 – Introduction Section (Research Problem Statement)Int.docxshericehewat
GE 3000 – Introduction Section (Research Problem Statement)
Introduction: Formulating a Research Problem is the first and most important step of the research process. While the main portion of your work for this semester is focused on the Literature Review, the introduction to the research paper - The Research Problem Statement – is an important step in setting up the research problem to be investigated.
The Research Problem Statement comes before the Literature Review and acts as an introduction in a full-length research paper. The Research Problem Statement should be about 250-350 words in length, or about a page to a page-and-a-half when double-spaced. You must cite a minimum of two references (two scholarly sources) in proper MLA or APA format.
The main questions a Research Problem answers are:
· What will be researched? Identify a specific problem, program, or phenomenon
· Who will be researched? Who is the study population (people)?
Questions you should ask yourself when composing the Research Problem:
(Note that these questions are not necessarily going to be explicitly answered question-by-question in the Research Problem Statement. Rather, these are things that you should be thinking about and able to answer for yourself before you begin constructing the document).
· Who is the study population? How can you further refine the study population?
· What exactly do you want to understand about the topic/problem?
· Is the Research Problem too broad?
· How relevant is the research to your study area/discipline/major/interests?
· What motivates you to do the research on the chosen topic/problem?
· Why should others be interested in your chosen topic/problem?
· What are the concepts and issues to be studied?
· What concepts and measurements have to be further defined before the study begins?
· Do you have enough time to complete the research?
· Is an answer to the Research Problem obvious?
Constructing a Research Problem
A Research Problem typically consists of three parts: 1) the ideal, 2) the reality, and 3) the consequences.
1. Part A- the ideal: Describes a desired goal or ideal situation; explains how things should be.
2. Part B - the reality: Describes a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value in Part A from being achieved or realized at this time; explains how the current situation falls short of the goal or ideal.
3. Part C - the consequences: Identifies the way you propose to improve the current situation and move it closer to the goal or ideal.
Steps to Writing a Research Problem:
Step 1 (statement 1): Construct statement 1 by describing a goal or desired state of a given situation, phenomenon etc. This will build the ideal situation (what should be, what is expected, desired). How should things be in your topic? What is the ideal scenario?
Step 2 (statement 2): Describe a condition that prevents the goal, state, or value discussed in step 1 from being achieved or realized at the present time. This will build ...
FIRST CLASSMATE’S REPLY By Erika Little Discussion Board Modu.docxclydes2
FIRST CLASSMATE’S REPLY:
By Erika Little
Discussion Board Module 4-Doctoral Persistence
COLLAPSE
Research Question: Why is the persistence for doctoral students greater for those who participate in online programs?
I intend to interview first year doctoral students and graduating doctoral students to get the varying perspectives on the answers to these questions. First year students may view persistence having general obstacles like tuition affordability and course work whereas graduating students have a seasoned perspective and may have specific data around persistence and obstacles for students. I believe both pools of interviews will yield valuable data.
Five Interview Questions:
Do you believe online doctoral programs allow greater flexibility for students?
Do you think online doctoral programs are [more difficult] or [less difficult] for student persistence?
Is student persistence and academic rigor mutually exclusive?
Do you agree that doctoral persistence is a result of many variables?
Do you agree that online programs compared to face to face programs mitigate many persistence obstacles for students?
Analysis
The research question is “Why is the persistence of doctoral students greater for those who participate in online programs?” The purpose of this research question is to focus the research and analysis of whether persistence of doctoral students is related to how students take their courses. Online courses offer a great deal of flexibility for students, whereas face to face courses have an advantage of dialogue and the formation of interpersonal relationships between students. Each delivery format has its pros and cons, but the purpose of the research question is to evaluate the experience of doctoral students to see what obstacles existed for them and if those obstacles were associated with their course delivery format. For example, if students cite extracurricular responsibilities as an obstacle, having face to face courses may have impacted their schedule if they work or have a family.
The data retrieved for this research analysis will be retrieved through a series of interviews with first year doctoral students and doctoral students who have recently graduated, with both populations having face to face or online delivery formats. The interview questions posed are purposed with getting the doctoral students to evaluate their own person experience and personal objectives as a student. This information creates a pool of obstacles that the research can report on as what negatively impacts doctoral persistence. It is valuable information despite it having a subjective origin. The personal experience of the doctoral students allows for the research to have more color for the audience reviewing the completed analysis.
In conclusion, the purpose of the research is to evaluate whether online doctoral degree programs have greater persistence because of the perspective that online academics is an easier balance for students. The in.
5) You are performing an audit of purchases of desktop compute.docxalinainglis
5) You are performing an audit of purchases of desktop computers. Describe the audit procedure(s) you might use to achieve each of the five audit objectives listed below. Be specific. Use slide 3 in the week 5 lecture for the list of possible audit procedures (you may want to also consult PCAOB 15 paragraphs 15-21 as well as other readings in week 5). You will not get credit for a one word answer.
slide 3 in the week 5 lecture
1) PCAOB 15 Audit Evidence
http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/Auditing_Standard_15.aspx
1) All of the computers purchased have been recorded in the accounting records.
2) The computers recorded as being purchased actually exist.
3) Depreciation expense has been calculated correctly
4) Laws and regulations regarding software usage have been followed (e.g., no pirated or illegal software is installed).
5) The computers are properly safeguarded from theft or unauthorized use.
Here is a helpful hint on how to go about responding to question 5.
For example let’s say you are asked to determine that the useful lives and salvage values of the computers are reasonable. A possible response would be to inquire about how the useful lives and salvage values of the computers were determined and then compare the estimated useful lives and salvage values of these computers with comparable computers used in other divisions or functional areas of the company.
Extra Credit – True/False (each question is worth 1 point)
1) Most frauds are detected by internal auditors.
2) Evidence from within the company is considered more reliable than evidence obtained from third parties
3) The internal auditor has no role in fraud prevention or detection
4) Confirmation involves examining trends and relationship among financial and non-financial data
5) Expertise within the internal auditing department is a barrier to implementing data analysis technologies
Paula Thompson
1 posts
Re:Constructing 10 Strategic Points
Hello Elizabeth-
I am so glad that you worked on this over the weekend and sent it to me in advance. What you have done -- and this happens with a few students every class -- is propose an interesting future study on incivility in higher ed. However, the guidelines for this assignment limit the scope to a replication of the 2007 Clark and Springer study. This means that many of the elements of the 10 Strategic Points (e.g., problem statement, research questions, purpose statement, data colection, data analysis) should be exactly the same as the Week 2 strategic points except with a population of undergraduate psychology students and faculty.
For example, the correct phrasing of the Week 2 problem statement that I provided you was "It is not known what the possible causes and remedies are of incivility in nursing education in a university environment from both student and faculty perspectives." For the Week 5 assignment, you would use the problem statement verbatim but just change "nursing ed.
Question 1The Uniform Commercial Code incorporates some of the s.docxmakdul
Question 1
The Uniform Commercial Code incorporates some of the same elements as the Statute of Frauds. Under the Statute of Frauds, certain contracts must be in writing to be enforceable. Research the types of contracts that must be in writing under the Statute of Frauds.
Do you agree with the contracts that need to be in writing and explain why or why not? Imagine that you were asked to be part of a team to draft revisions to the Statute of Frauds. What changes or proposals would you make? Why?
Respond to this… The Statute of Frauds requires that certain types of contracts be in writing to be able to be enforced. These types of contracts include goods that are priced at $500 or more, interest in land, promises to pay off debt, and contracts that cannot be performed within one year, all of which have been signed by the defendant to be enforceable. I do think that all of these contracts should be in writing because it is a type of safeguard of the resource to ensure that each party is responsible for whatever the contract is regarding. For example, if we did not have to sign for a car loan, the responsible party that needs to pay the loan back could walk away, and without a signature of agreement to the terms of the loan, it would be hard for the company to fight for their money, as there is no signature enforcing the agreement.
If I had to revise something with the Statute of Frauds, I would change the contacts that cannot be performed within one year. I think one year is a long time to let a contract slide. I feel that six months sounds more reasonable. I guess if I was a business and I did not get commitment to a contract for a whole year, I feel this would greatly affect my business. I also think it might be a harder fight to get whatever the other party is responsible for as it was a year ago. As a business, I think I would want to pursue a breach of contract in three or four months even. That is a long time to not pay up.
Question 2
Let’s assume that you are interested in doing a statistical survey and you use confidence intervals for your conclusion. Describe a possible scenario and indicate what the population is, and what measure of the population you would try to estimate (proportion or mean) by using a sample.
· What is your estimate of the population size?
· What sample size will you use?
· How will you gather information for your sample?
· What confidence percentage will you use?
Let’s assume that you have completed the survey and now state your results using a confidence interval statement. You can make up the numbers based on a reasonable result.
Respond to this… had found a study in Australia and New Zealand where they wanted to see if there was efficient care when dealing with people that suffered from acute coronary syndrome, that required an understanding of the sources of variation in their care. Basically, they wanted to see if the people that did not speak English well were receiving the same amount of care a ...
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WK 2 DQ 1Read the journal article The Ethics of Internet Resear.docxambersalomon88660
WK 2 DQ 1
Read the journal article “The Ethics of Internet Research” (Williams, 2012) and this week’s lecture. In your own words, provide a summary of the article and add your own thoughts on how the Internet can affect the research process, including, but not limited to, ethics concerns.
Reference
Williams, S. G. (2012). The Ethics of Internet Research. Online Journal Of Nursing Informatics, 16(2), 38-48.
Week Two Lecture
Business Research Methods and Tools
Week 2: Research ethics and research design
Hypothesis testing
This week, you’ll learn more about the building blocks of business research. Last week’s readings and guidance introduced you to the concept of hypotheses and research questions. Let’s go into hypothesis testing a bit further.
Let’s reconsider last week’s sample research question: “Why are some of Ashford University’s students not successful in school?” Assume that Ashford’s management noticed that not all students are as successful as they would like them to be: some students fail courses, others drop out, and so on. This is considered the problem they would like to solve with the research. After some background evaluation, the administration develops a hypothesis about the problem and the question: “Ashford students don’t succeed when they have old computers.” The hypothesis states the problem (lack of student success) and an “educated guess” about why the problem is happening (students have old computers).
In the research, Ashford’s administrators need to operationalize the study and test the hypothesis; this means they need to do the research to find out whether their hypothesis is correct. They could study it by sending a survey to students in order to find out how old their computer is. They could give a new computer to some of the students with an old computer, and they could not give a new computer to students with an old computer. Then, the researchers could observe whether there is a difference between the old-computer students and the new-computer students.
In this study, the “null hypothesis” would be: “There is no statistically significant difference between the success of students with old computers and students with new computers.” If the study found there is, in fact, no difference in the success of the two groups, the researchers would fail to reject the null hypothesis. If there is a difference between the two groups, the researchers would reject the null hypothesis.
The process of collecting data to observe differences might be new to you. Remember that if you are not collecting data to answer a research question, you are not doing original research. You might have thought previously that if you write a paper in which you summarize what other researchers have done, then you are “doing research.” That’s not true in this class. In business research, you go beyond summarizing others’ work; you’re making observations from data that are your own.
Research ethics
It’s important to make sure tha.
Problem is the heart of every research. Research problem is a question that a researcher wants to answer or a problem that a researcher wants to solve.
Running head: CYBERBULLYING 1
CYBERBULLYING 6
Cyberbullying and the First Amendment
Jane Doe
July 28, 2016
Cyberbullying and the First Amendment
All papers should have an introductory paragraph that provides background on the subject you are going to write about in the paper. I recommend finding a current event, perhaps an article where a student committed suicide after having been the target of cyberbullying. A good approach follows this line: Tell them what you are going to tell them (introduction), Tell them (body of paper), and Tell them what you told them (Conclusion). The introduction must contain a thesis statement previewing the paper. An examination of Minford School District’s school board policy as well as the faculty and student handbooks in addition to the relevant sections of the Ohio Revised Code followed by a review of the First Amendment arguments the student who is charged with cyberbullying might make, and the First Amendment responses based on case law the school district could argue, will provide insight into the issue of cyberbullying. (This is just an example off the top of my head). (Another approach for the purpose statement could be: Having been notified that a student in your class has been subjected to bullying through another classmate's Facebook page, a discussion of steps required by (enter your state's name)"s statutes, (enter your school district's name)'s school board policies as well as the student handbook, will provide a basis for examining any First Amendment arguments that the bullying has raised, and a discussion of the school district’s First Amendment argumentative responses consistent with the cases in the assigned readings.)
State Statutes and District Policies on Cyberbullying
Paragraph one should explain how the school district policy that you are examining addresses cyberbullying. You should examine the district’s policy, the faculty handbook, and the student handbook. Make sure that you are correctly providing in-text citations to these sources.
In a separate paragraph, you should examine your state’s laws on cyberbullying. (We looked these up in one of the DQs this week). The question you should answer after reviewing each of the above are what steps that a faculty member should take based on the laws and policies examined. Another issue to examine might be if the policy differentiates between cyberbullying that occurs out of school and cyberbullying that occurs during school. Remember to refer back to the facts of the specific scenario as you examine each of these laws or policies. Citations to sources should be used throughout the paper. Transition sentence into the next section of the paper goes here. Examples: Having examined the Minford Local School District’s policy, the faculty handbook, the student handbook, and the Ohio Revised Code, this paper w ...
13 Week Four Evaluation Data Sources and DeveCicelyBourqueju
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Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments
Jane Doe
The University of Arizona Global Campus
RES7440: Advanced Study in Qualitative Research (QAF135DS)
Dr. John Doe
September 21, 2021
Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments
Overview of The Data Source
A questionnaire is an instrument of research used to collect information from respondents and consists of questions and other prompts. A questionnaire can be open-ended or closed-ended although most research questionnaires are usually a mixture of the two. Questionnaires can be used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data depending on the type of research being conducted (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019). Open-ended questions in questionnaires allow the respondent to express their thoughts, unlike close-ended questions. A questionnaire may be used as an independent data source in research or can be administered as part of a survey. Questions in a questionnaire are usually simple and easy for the respondent to understand (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
The main purpose of a questionnaire in research is to obtain data from the respondents. This data is in turn used to make meaningful insights regarding the research topic, such as hypothesis testing. According to Salemink et al., 2020, questionnaires help in accomplishing the research objectives (p.691). Through multiple-choice questions and ranking or rating scales, questionnaires help the researcher collect information on attitudes, behaviors, opinions, and preferences. Using closed-ended questions, the researcher gets to gather information based on facts. Another purpose of a questionnaire is to avoid bias in research because a well-written questionnaire collects accurate information and avoids bias (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
A well-designed questionnaire allows a researcher to gather a lot of information within a short time and is therefore quick and cost-effective. Responses gathered from questionnaires can also be compared with historical data to determine changes in the choices and experiences of respondents. Questionnaires also allow for anonymity as respondents can answer the questions without revealing their identities. A good research questionnaire should be uniform so that all respondents answer the same questions. It should also be exploratory enough not to limit data collection. There should be a structured flow of questions in questionnaires so that participants can easily respond to them (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
This data source is a study by Zou et al. which was published in 2020. The title of the study is "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong Province, China". In this study, the authors aimed to assess how the pandemic has impacted firms. The researchers conducted a survey in 15 cities in Guangdong province and involved 524 firms in the study. The firm's executives were the respondents to the questionnaire which was developed from previous st ...
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Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments
Jane Doe
The University of Arizona Global Campus
RES7440: Advanced Study in Qualitative Research (QAF135DS)
Dr. John Doe
September 21, 2021
Week Four: Evaluation Data Sources and Development of Instruments
Overview of The Data Source
A questionnaire is an instrument of research used to collect information from respondents and consists of questions and other prompts. A questionnaire can be open-ended or closed-ended although most research questionnaires are usually a mixture of the two. Questionnaires can be used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data depending on the type of research being conducted (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019). Open-ended questions in questionnaires allow the respondent to express their thoughts, unlike close-ended questions. A questionnaire may be used as an independent data source in research or can be administered as part of a survey. Questions in a questionnaire are usually simple and easy for the respondent to understand (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
The main purpose of a questionnaire in research is to obtain data from the respondents. This data is in turn used to make meaningful insights regarding the research topic, such as hypothesis testing. According to Salemink et al., 2020, questionnaires help in accomplishing the research objectives (p.691). Through multiple-choice questions and ranking or rating scales, questionnaires help the researcher collect information on attitudes, behaviors, opinions, and preferences. Using closed-ended questions, the researcher gets to gather information based on facts. Another purpose of a questionnaire is to avoid bias in research because a well-written questionnaire collects accurate information and avoids bias (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
A well-designed questionnaire allows a researcher to gather a lot of information within a short time and is therefore quick and cost-effective. Responses gathered from questionnaires can also be compared with historical data to determine changes in the choices and experiences of respondents. Questionnaires also allow for anonymity as respondents can answer the questions without revealing their identities. A good research questionnaire should be uniform so that all respondents answer the same questions. It should also be exploratory enough not to limit data collection. There should be a structured flow of questions in questionnaires so that participants can easily respond to them (Mutepfa & Tapera, 2019).
This data source is a study by Zou et al. which was published in 2020. The title of the study is "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on firms: a survey in Guangdong Province, China". In this study, the authors aimed to assess how the pandemic has impacted firms. The researchers conducted a survey in 15 cities in Guangdong province and involved 524 firms in the study. The firm's executives were the respondents to the questionnaire which was developed from previous st ...
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Definition Functions Types Review on Introduction to Research Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
3. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
4. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process Researchis defined as a careful, systematic study in a field of knowledge that is undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles.
5. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
6. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process answer questions, solve problems and make decisions. helps understand how and why a situation or a problem exists. helps discover new things and ideas. Allows validating of existing theories or generate new ones. helps in identifying and understanding the causes and effects of a situation or a phenomenon. armandorreosura compilation
7. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
8. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process Descriptive Research Explanatory or Correlation Research Intervention or Experimental Research armandorreosura compilation
9. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process
10. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process 1. Pure / Basic vs. Applied /Practical Research 2. Exploratory vs. Explanatory Research 3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research armandorreosura compilation
11. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
12. Review on Introduction to Research Definition Functions Types Other Dichotomies of Research The Research Process armandorreosura compilation
13. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF VARIABLES STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FORMULATION HYPOTHESES FORMULATION CHOOSING APPROPRIATE RESEARCH DESIGN OR METHODOLOGY IDENTIFYING THE TARGET POPULATION AND DO SAMPLING DATA COLLECTION PREPARATION OF THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT TESTING RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY QUESTIONAIRE ADMIN. INTERVIEW TESTING OBSERVATION QUALITY CONTROL DATA PROCESSING ( Editing, Coding, Encoding, Creation of Data File for Tabulation) DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ( Statistical Analysis, Interpretation and Generalization) REPORT PREPARATION AND INFORMATION DESIMINATION The Research Process
14. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF VARIABLES STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FORMULATION HYPOTHESES FORMULATION CHOOSING APPROPRIATE RESEARCH DESIGN OR METHODOLOGY IDENTIFYING THE TARGET POPULATION AND DO SAMPLING DATA COLLECTION PREPARATION OF THE RESEARCH INSTRUMENT TESTING RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY QUESTIONAIRE ADMIN. INTERVIEW TESTING OBSERVATION QUALITY CONTROL DATA PROCESSING ( Editing, Coding, Encoding, Creation of Data File for Tabulation) DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ( Statistical Analysis, Interpretation and Generalization) REPORT PREPARATION AND INFORMATION DESIMINATION The Research Process
15. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM “EVERY RESEARCH STARTS WITH A PROBLEM” “THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM STARTS WITH A CLEAR QUESTION” “DEFINING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM IS THE FUEL THAT DRIVES THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS” “IT IS THE FOUNDATION OF ANY RESEARCH METHODS AND STRATEGIES” armandorreosura compilation
16. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM “THUS, IT IS A MUST THAT YOU KNOW YOUR PROBLEM BEFORE YOU GO ALL THE WAY IN YOUR RESEARCH” KNOW YOUR RESEARCH PROBLEM AS VILMA KNOWS HIS SON SO WELL … AND IF YOU DO YOU CAN DEFINE YOUR PROBLEM AS WELL. armandorreosura compilation
17. The conceptual definition of a problem and a Research problem …a research problem… could be conditions one wants to improve, difficulties one wants to eliminate, questions for which answers are sought information gaps one wish to fill, or theories one wish to validate. basic definition: A problem is anything which gives a person a feeling of discomfort. If a person worries about how things are , he or she has a problem. A problem could be a state of affairs that needs to be changed or anything that is not working as expected. IDENTIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM
18. IDENTIFYING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM “EVERY RESEARCH STARTS WITH A PROBLEM”
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20. Let’s Exercise… Come up with even a crude draft of a Research Question NOW NA armandorreosura compilation
21. IS YOUR PROBLEM RESEARCHABLE? NOT ALL PROBLEMS ARE RESEARCHABLE armandorreosura compilation
22. In social research, potential researchable problem exists when the following conditions are present There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy. armandorreosura compilation
23. There may be an existing difficult or disturbing situation, but if this condition is expected to happen because of known circumstances, then the problem is not researchable. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy.
24. Even if there is discrepancy between what is and what should be, because the causes of discrepancy are known at this particular time, there is no need to conduct research anymore. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy. armandorreosura compilation
25. Example of a Non-researchable Problem Situation: Despite free tuition, many high school students in a public school in Province X have dropped out. Records show that more than 50 % of the students have already dropped out before the middle of the school year. (what is) What should be: Students are expected to finish high school because it is free. They should not drop out(what should be). On the contrary, a big number of students dropped out . (discrepancy) Research Question: Why do students drop out? What factors contribute to the high drop out rate? Possible Answer: Fear of being caught in cross fire between military and rebel groups. armandorreosura compilation
26. Comment: There have been violent encounters between the military and rebel groups and many civilians have been caught in the cross fire. It seems clear that the dropping out of the students is due to the armed encounters in the area. If they go to school, they might die, so parents keep them out of school until the peace and order situation in the area returns to normal. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be.
27. Example of a Researchable Problem Situation: Despite free tuition, many high school students in a public school in Province X have dropped out. Records show that more than 50 % of the students have already dropped out before the middle of the school year. (what is) What should be: Students are expected to finish high school because it is free. They should not drop out(what should be). On the contrary, a big number of students dropped out . (discrepancy) Research Question: Why do students drop out? What factors contribute to the high drop out rate? Possible Answer: There are many possible reasons why students drop out. Among the possible reasons are : financial difficulties, far distance of students’ houses from school, students’ lack of interest to study, and poor health. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy.
28. Comment: Since there are a number of possible reasons for the dropping out of students despite free tuition, the problem is researchable. Research can determine the existence and extent of relationship between the identified possible factors and the students’ decision to drop out of school or to stay. Furthermore, research can determine the relative contribution of each factor in the students’ decision to drop out. There is a perceived discrepancy between what is and what should be. b) There are two or more reasons for the discrepancy.
29. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
30. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
31. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
32. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
33. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
34. Research Situation: Housing loans are granted to PAG-IBIG members at a very low interest rates to help them build and own their homes. The loan is expected to be paid on a monthly basis within a certain period of time. Despite the liberal payment scheme, repayment has been consistently low. Records show a delinquency rate of about 30%. Arrears average at Php 80,000 and many properties have been foreclosed as documented by notices of foreclosure. PAG-IBIG members’ failure to pay their obligations has been attributed to many factors like lack of awareness among borrowers of the consequences of non-payment, a negative attitude towards government loans, or shortage of cash because of other financial needs and others. Two local studies on loan payment behaviors of credit cooperative members showed that social and economic factors influence repayment. The studies, however, did not touch on knowledge and attitude towards loan repayment. Most of the studies reviewed deal credit coop loans. Studies on housing loans are limited. armandorreosura compilation
36. DEFINING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM “By this time, you should have a full knowledge about your problem.” armandorreosura compilation
37. Once the problem is identified, it should then be defined. The problem definition explains the existence and seriousness of the problem. The definition shows evidences that prove the problem really exists, that it is serious, and/or widespread. The definition of a problem also identifies the elements of a broader problem that are to be the focus of the research activities. armandorreosura compilation
38. Consider these questions to justify your proposal Does the problem really exist? What are the evidences of the problem's existence? Is the problem serious? Who and how many are affected by it? What places are affected? How widespread is it? How often does the problem occur? armandorreosura compilation
39. Things to Remember When Defining a Research Problem Review relevant literature and previous studies on the problem, 2. Examine current available data/statistics, Seek educated opinions from persons concerned with the problem. 4. Determine the probable reasons for the existence of the problem from social, economic, or other theories that may explain the existence of the problem and the possible connection between the problem and other factors. armandorreosura compilation
40. Characteristics of a Good Research Problem At times a research is not completed for some reason. These hindrances would have been eliminated should the researcher have known/identified at the start of his research. Some research topics or titles seems so interesting the but some researchers only failed to think beforehand what it takes to pursue such research. armandorreosura compilation
41. Characteristics of a Good Research Problem A research problem must be relevant. A Research problem must be feasible. A Research problem must be clear. A research problem must be ethical. armandorreosura compilation
42. A research problem must be relevant. The problem must be timely and relevant. It must be of interest to the one investigating it. It should yield answers that will contribute to knowledge and and development. In essence, the problem should be worth investigating and worth the time, money and effort to be spent on it. relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
43. A Research problem must be feasible. A research problem can only be investigated if resources like time, money, and personnel are available. A research problem may be relevant, but if funds are not available and there are no skilled researchers or tools for data gathering, then it would not be feasible to conduct it. Researchers must, therefore be sure of the availability of funds and human resources, as well as appropriate tools/devices needed in the conduct of the study. relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
44. "The Effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Students' Achievement in Mathematics” "The Effect on Achievement of. Providing Each Student a Microcomputer in Their Math Class" relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
45. A Research problem must be clear. The research problem must be clearly stated so that what is being investigated is made clear. Major variables of the study should be measures and should be specified in the problem statement. The use of ambiguous terms must be avoided. relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
46. "Women's Perceptions about Sexual Harassment” "Attitudes Towards Sexual Harassment of Female Rank and File Bank Employees in Makati City" relevant feasible clear ethical armandorreosura compilation
47. A research problem must be ethical. The conduct of the study should not pose any danger, embarrassment, hurt or any risk to the research respondents or subjects or anyone. Information needed to answer the research questions can be collected without violating the rights of the source/s of information. The respondents' privacy must therefore be protected. They should be informed about the purpose of the study and be given the right to consent or refuse to participate in the study. ethical relevant feasible clear armandorreosura compilation
48. "The Effect of Punishment on the Self-. Esteem and Academic Performance of Adolescents" exercises ethical relevant feasible clear armandorreosura compilation
The problem with research is that You need to find a problem even though you don’t have a problem. But please pay attention- do seek for problem or look for a problem but instead—identify the problem. In other words. Such problem should already be existing. All you need to do is to detect such problem – IDENTIFY SUCH PROBLEM.