Summary of the Base Paper at CII Cold Chain Summit 2007. Scope for PPP framework in cold chain infrastructure (India)
Note: this is a 10 page summarisation only of the original document.
Discusses possibilities for cold chain business in India. Cold chain infrastructure for value creation.
10. Corporate agriculture farming (caf) A Presentation By Mr. Allah Dad Khan...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Corporate agriculture farming (CAF) describes large-scale industrialized farming run by mega-corporations. According to the Pakistani government, CAF aims to increase efficiency, incomes, and competitiveness through technology and expertise. However, others argue CAF primarily benefits large companies and poses risks to small farmers and food security. The document provides recommendations for Pakistan to develop agriculture through alternative policies that support small farmers rather than large corporate control of the sector.
This document provides an overview of considerations for selecting, cultivating, and marketing alternative agronomic crops. It discusses inventorying available farm resources, selecting potential crops, researching crop and industrial uses, and exploring crop markets and marketing strategies. Key points include investigating market demand and crop requirements before starting production, talking to experienced growers, and establishing market connections for alternative crops prior to planting. Overall the document emphasizes the importance of thorough research and planning when diversifying into alternative agronomic crops.
The document discusses corporate farming in Pakistan, including its rationale and models. Corporate farming aims to increase agricultural production and food security through the use of modern technologies. It can benefit Pakistan by improving yields and exports, but may also displace small farmers and increase rural migration. The government has identified over 6 million acres of land for corporate farming ventures with foreign investors showing interest from China, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector 1 (crops sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the historical evolution of Pakistan's agricultural sector and carries out its SWOT Analysis by describing its major strengths and weaknesses as well as the threats it faces and the opportunities available for its growth. Then lists the challenges Pakistan's agricultural sector is facing and comes up with a detailed plan of action to face those challenges.
Large scale land acquisitions and responsible investment in Africafutureagricultures
Presentation by Ruth Hall at the event "The Political Economy of Agricultural Policy Processes in Africa", September 2014.
http://www.future-agricultures.org/events/the-political-economy-of-agricultural-policy-processes-in-africa
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on “Investing in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutrition” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis, this presentation identifies the challenges Pakistan's Livestock Sector is facing and then makes recommendations to respond to these challenges.
10. Corporate agriculture farming (caf) A Presentation By Mr. Allah Dad Khan...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Corporate agriculture farming (CAF) describes large-scale industrialized farming run by mega-corporations. According to the Pakistani government, CAF aims to increase efficiency, incomes, and competitiveness through technology and expertise. However, others argue CAF primarily benefits large companies and poses risks to small farmers and food security. The document provides recommendations for Pakistan to develop agriculture through alternative policies that support small farmers rather than large corporate control of the sector.
This document provides an overview of considerations for selecting, cultivating, and marketing alternative agronomic crops. It discusses inventorying available farm resources, selecting potential crops, researching crop and industrial uses, and exploring crop markets and marketing strategies. Key points include investigating market demand and crop requirements before starting production, talking to experienced growers, and establishing market connections for alternative crops prior to planting. Overall the document emphasizes the importance of thorough research and planning when diversifying into alternative agronomic crops.
The document discusses corporate farming in Pakistan, including its rationale and models. Corporate farming aims to increase agricultural production and food security through the use of modern technologies. It can benefit Pakistan by improving yields and exports, but may also displace small farmers and increase rural migration. The government has identified over 6 million acres of land for corporate farming ventures with foreign investors showing interest from China, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
Pakistan's Agriculture Sector 1 (crops sector) Challenges and ResponseShahid Hussain Raja
Explains the historical evolution of Pakistan's agricultural sector and carries out its SWOT Analysis by describing its major strengths and weaknesses as well as the threats it faces and the opportunities available for its growth. Then lists the challenges Pakistan's agricultural sector is facing and comes up with a detailed plan of action to face those challenges.
Large scale land acquisitions and responsible investment in Africafutureagricultures
Presentation by Ruth Hall at the event "The Political Economy of Agricultural Policy Processes in Africa", September 2014.
http://www.future-agricultures.org/events/the-political-economy-of-agricultural-policy-processes-in-africa
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on “Investing in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutrition” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
After carrying out an in-depth SWOT Analysis, this presentation identifies the challenges Pakistan's Livestock Sector is facing and then makes recommendations to respond to these challenges.
Food Insecurity & Opportunities in OIC CountriesDinarStandard
State of food security across the 57 member OIC countries; Key drivers of food crisis; A unique OIC-wide food and agriculture cluster approach that identifies opportunities for sustainable growth and investments.
Guidance IAS is a world of knowledge for pursuing UPSC dreamGuidanceIAS1
Guidance is of a world of learning where resource materials are created, Managed and used in the best interest of students. It is based on the compelling truth that improving quality knowledge is the key to the each and every success.
We are dedicated to provide excellence in education, preparing leaders for a diverse, engaged in research and creative activities that generate new knowledge and applications for effective practice and that foster interdisciplinary approaches to address information challenges.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish: Achieving proof of scale for fo...ILRI
The document summarizes the goals and approach of the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish, which aims to sustainably increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and aquaculture systems to provide more animal-source foods for poor consumers and reduce poverty. The program will focus on whole value chains in targeted commodities and countries by working directly with development partners on strategic interventions to achieve impact at scale. It will address productivity gaps, engage stakeholders along the value chains, and generate global public goods through cross-cutting research platforms. The goal is for more meat, milk and fish to be produced by and for the poor.
The document summarizes the objectives and activities of a meeting to plan the orientation and next steps for CSISA Objective 1. The key points discussed were:
1. Familiarizing the team with CSISA's philosophy and focus areas and refining objectives and activities for targeted regions.
2. Coordinating activities around "impact pathways" to increase priority on kharif season activities.
3. Translating impact pathways into clear work plans with activities, milestones and responsibilities.
4. Reviewing strategy for monitoring and evaluation, data management, and communications.
The overall goal of CSISA is to increase food security in South Asia through sustainable intensification of cereal crops.
This document provides an overview of agro processing in India. It discusses the meaning and introduction of agro processing, its significance and current status in India. It outlines some shortcomings like India's small share of global agri-trade. It also discusses the growth prospects in areas like socioeconomic changes, policy changes, infrastructure development and public-private partnerships. The document concludes that agro processing is a strategic industry for modernizing agriculture and generating employment in India.
This document discusses key topics and issues for agricultural research and rural prosperity. Major issues discussed include climate change resilience, diversification to high-value products, productivity improvement, non-farm sector development, nutrition and food security, and weak impact evaluation. Unique regional issues mentioned include increasing inefficiency of small-scale farming in Asia and reasons for why the Green Revolution did not take place in sub-Saharan Africa. The document emphasizes that capacity building among national agricultural research systems, donors, CGIAR centers, NGOs, and the private sector is key to addressing the fundamental problems facing agricultural research for development.
This document proposes developing North East India as an export hub through horticulture and floriculture. Specific infrastructure like roads, railways, airports, processing units, and storage facilities would be developed. Capacity building for farmers through training, seeds banks, and subsidies is outlined. Export of handicrafts, honey, silk, and wool is also discussed. Challenges include security issues and benefits may not be immediate but economic prosperity and self-sufficiency will result. Allied sectors like tourism, healthcare, education, and employment would also grow.
IFAD provides loans to support agricultural development projects that benefit smallholder and rural poor farmers in developing countries. From 1979 to 2009, IFAD funded over 800 projects in 115 countries totaling over $12 billion. Smallholder farms worldwide support around 2 billion people and produce most of the food in developing countries. Biofuels have potential to expand opportunities for smallholder farmers but also risks related to food security and environmental impacts that need to be addressed through research on non-food crop options and sustainable farming practices. IFAD's strategic objectives focus on improving poor farmers' access to natural resources, technologies, markets, and decision making to help them overcome risks and take advantage of opportunities in agriculture and rural development.
Agriculture Roadmap Conference 18-19 July SKICC.pdfSKUASTKashmir
This document discusses strategies for transforming Jammu and Kashmir's agriculture sector into a knowledge-based, technology-driven, and sustainable agri-economy. It outlines opportunities to make J&K a model bio-economy state and contributor to India's national economy. Key strategies proposed include commercializing and diversifying crops, increasing value addition, building human capital through education and training, conserving agricultural land, promoting secondary agriculture and food processing, developing infrastructure like warehouses and cold storage, adopting smart technologies, developing the vegetable and seed industry, herbal medicines sector, focusing on processing and packaging, and interventions in the livestock and dairy sectors.
1) Agriculture accounts for a large portion of employment in India but contribution to GDP is declining, so increased productivity is needed.
2) Low productivity is caused by issues like individualistic behavior of farmers, lack of infrastructure and extension services, and traditional farming methods.
3) Solutions proposed include improving extension services, increasing private investment, adopting new technologies and farming methods, developing supply chain infrastructure, and providing better irrigation and credit access.
Functional bioscience innovation systems as the pathway to a sustainable bio-...SIANI
Presented as part of the "Moving Africa Towards a Knowledge Based Bio-economy" seminar on how agricultural innovation and in particular biosciences in areas such as breeding, agro-processing and value addition can contribute to economic growth and sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Key questions of the seminar:
How the millions of resource-poor smallholder farmers, so vital for food production and economic growth, can benefit from the prospects of a new bio-economy?
How countries in Sub-Saharan Africa can develop programmes, institutional capabilities and bioscience innovation structures able to adapt and use technologies and know-how based on their own priorities and needs?
How can Sweden assist countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to move Towards a Knowledge Based Bio-economy?
This document discusses sustainable development in Africa, focusing on health and wellbeing. It provides examples of how smart agribusiness using new technologies can promote more sustainable development in Africa. These include using satellite imaging, drones, sensors on livestock, and mobile phones to improve efficiency, resilience, and smallholder inclusion in agriculture. International organizations like CGIAR and ILRI are supporting efforts to transform smallholder systems through research, insurance programs, and building scientific capacity in Africa. Overall, the document advocates for development in Africa that promotes sustainability, health, and wellbeing through innovative, inclusive approaches tailored to the African context.
9.Supply Chain and linking farmers,NCCD.pptxNisSan25
The document discusses supply chain integration and value chains in Indian agriculture. It notes that producing more is not enough to address food inflation and efficient supply systems are needed. It advocates developing integrated cold chain infrastructure and capacities tailored to different products. A proposed model shows how pack houses, transport, storage, and retail components could be developed at a total estimated cost of 1,330 lakhs. The supply chain has a digital future with applications of IoT, robotics, and other technologies. Organized supply chains can benefit farmers through increased market access and value addition opportunities.
Started to create milestones, we, Metalex Cryogenics Limited. marked our presence in the year 1968 and operate in the manufacturing/servicing of research and development, production expertise, and international customer service since 46 years. Our quality services products have been always appreciated by our clients. Our spontaneous attitude and confident approach in offering an excellent range of Refrigerant Compressor, Ice Machines, Industrial Valves, Refrigerant Pumps, Pressure Vessels has deepened our roots in the market. We, Metalex Cryogenics Limited breathe with the aim of fully satisfying our clients with our high-quality products services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals, all of them contributing at the best of their potentials to offer the highest degree of efficiency and client satisfaction.
The document provides information on India's food processing sector. Some key points:
- India has a large agriculture sector and is the largest producer of milk and second largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally.
- The food processing industry is one of India's largest industries, accounting for around 14% of manufacturing GDP and expected to reach $482 billion by 2020.
- Major segments include fruits and vegetables, milk, meat and poultry, marine products, and grain processing. The organized sector accounts for around 70% of the industry.
- Notable trends include rising domestic and international demand, entry of international companies, changing consumer preferences towards healthier options, and increasing exports.
Verde Ventures is a conservation investment fund that provides financing to small and medium enterprises. It has invested $19.2 million in 48 entities across 13 countries, with a 91% repayment rate. Its portfolio focuses on sectors like cocoa, coffee and ecotourism that support green economies in priority conservation areas. The document provides details on Verde Ventures' impacts, portfolio, monitoring and evaluation framework, and examples of investments in sectors like agriculture and tourism in countries like Peru, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mexico and others.
India has great potential to be the food basket of the world due to its diverse agricultural resources and large workforce in agriculture. However, currently 20% of food produced in India is wasted due to an inefficient supply chain and lack of cold storage infrastructure and food processing industry. Building an efficient supply chain using modern techniques could help India serve its population with value-added food while ensuring good prices for farmers. The food processing industry has an important role to play in linking farmers to consumers in India and abroad. Developing a fully integrated cold chain logistics system including cold storage, transportation, packaging and information management could help reduce waste and make India a leading global food supplier.
Citation by KPMG-SCLC (Supply Chain Leadership Council) on awarding India's first ever Cold Chain Personality Award, December 2010. For Individual Excellence in Food Business in an Emerging Landscape and works related to street hawkers, innovation and thought leadership
Paper in TAA (Tropical Agriculture Assoc) Journal, AG4 Dev36 spring 2019Pawanexh Kohli
This document discusses the role of cold chain logistics in improving agricultural efficiency in India. It notes that while India achieved food security through increased production via the Green Revolution, losses still occur due to inadequate distribution systems. Improving supply chain connectivity between farms and consumers through an effective cold chain can help reduce food waste and losses. The document emphasizes that production alone does not ensure supply, and an efficient logistics system is needed to connect farm output to demand.
Food Insecurity & Opportunities in OIC CountriesDinarStandard
State of food security across the 57 member OIC countries; Key drivers of food crisis; A unique OIC-wide food and agriculture cluster approach that identifies opportunities for sustainable growth and investments.
Guidance IAS is a world of knowledge for pursuing UPSC dreamGuidanceIAS1
Guidance is of a world of learning where resource materials are created, Managed and used in the best interest of students. It is based on the compelling truth that improving quality knowledge is the key to the each and every success.
We are dedicated to provide excellence in education, preparing leaders for a diverse, engaged in research and creative activities that generate new knowledge and applications for effective practice and that foster interdisciplinary approaches to address information challenges.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish: Achieving proof of scale for fo...ILRI
The document summarizes the goals and approach of the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish, which aims to sustainably increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and aquaculture systems to provide more animal-source foods for poor consumers and reduce poverty. The program will focus on whole value chains in targeted commodities and countries by working directly with development partners on strategic interventions to achieve impact at scale. It will address productivity gaps, engage stakeholders along the value chains, and generate global public goods through cross-cutting research platforms. The goal is for more meat, milk and fish to be produced by and for the poor.
The document summarizes the objectives and activities of a meeting to plan the orientation and next steps for CSISA Objective 1. The key points discussed were:
1. Familiarizing the team with CSISA's philosophy and focus areas and refining objectives and activities for targeted regions.
2. Coordinating activities around "impact pathways" to increase priority on kharif season activities.
3. Translating impact pathways into clear work plans with activities, milestones and responsibilities.
4. Reviewing strategy for monitoring and evaluation, data management, and communications.
The overall goal of CSISA is to increase food security in South Asia through sustainable intensification of cereal crops.
This document provides an overview of agro processing in India. It discusses the meaning and introduction of agro processing, its significance and current status in India. It outlines some shortcomings like India's small share of global agri-trade. It also discusses the growth prospects in areas like socioeconomic changes, policy changes, infrastructure development and public-private partnerships. The document concludes that agro processing is a strategic industry for modernizing agriculture and generating employment in India.
This document discusses key topics and issues for agricultural research and rural prosperity. Major issues discussed include climate change resilience, diversification to high-value products, productivity improvement, non-farm sector development, nutrition and food security, and weak impact evaluation. Unique regional issues mentioned include increasing inefficiency of small-scale farming in Asia and reasons for why the Green Revolution did not take place in sub-Saharan Africa. The document emphasizes that capacity building among national agricultural research systems, donors, CGIAR centers, NGOs, and the private sector is key to addressing the fundamental problems facing agricultural research for development.
This document proposes developing North East India as an export hub through horticulture and floriculture. Specific infrastructure like roads, railways, airports, processing units, and storage facilities would be developed. Capacity building for farmers through training, seeds banks, and subsidies is outlined. Export of handicrafts, honey, silk, and wool is also discussed. Challenges include security issues and benefits may not be immediate but economic prosperity and self-sufficiency will result. Allied sectors like tourism, healthcare, education, and employment would also grow.
IFAD provides loans to support agricultural development projects that benefit smallholder and rural poor farmers in developing countries. From 1979 to 2009, IFAD funded over 800 projects in 115 countries totaling over $12 billion. Smallholder farms worldwide support around 2 billion people and produce most of the food in developing countries. Biofuels have potential to expand opportunities for smallholder farmers but also risks related to food security and environmental impacts that need to be addressed through research on non-food crop options and sustainable farming practices. IFAD's strategic objectives focus on improving poor farmers' access to natural resources, technologies, markets, and decision making to help them overcome risks and take advantage of opportunities in agriculture and rural development.
Agriculture Roadmap Conference 18-19 July SKICC.pdfSKUASTKashmir
This document discusses strategies for transforming Jammu and Kashmir's agriculture sector into a knowledge-based, technology-driven, and sustainable agri-economy. It outlines opportunities to make J&K a model bio-economy state and contributor to India's national economy. Key strategies proposed include commercializing and diversifying crops, increasing value addition, building human capital through education and training, conserving agricultural land, promoting secondary agriculture and food processing, developing infrastructure like warehouses and cold storage, adopting smart technologies, developing the vegetable and seed industry, herbal medicines sector, focusing on processing and packaging, and interventions in the livestock and dairy sectors.
1) Agriculture accounts for a large portion of employment in India but contribution to GDP is declining, so increased productivity is needed.
2) Low productivity is caused by issues like individualistic behavior of farmers, lack of infrastructure and extension services, and traditional farming methods.
3) Solutions proposed include improving extension services, increasing private investment, adopting new technologies and farming methods, developing supply chain infrastructure, and providing better irrigation and credit access.
Functional bioscience innovation systems as the pathway to a sustainable bio-...SIANI
Presented as part of the "Moving Africa Towards a Knowledge Based Bio-economy" seminar on how agricultural innovation and in particular biosciences in areas such as breeding, agro-processing and value addition can contribute to economic growth and sustainable development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Key questions of the seminar:
How the millions of resource-poor smallholder farmers, so vital for food production and economic growth, can benefit from the prospects of a new bio-economy?
How countries in Sub-Saharan Africa can develop programmes, institutional capabilities and bioscience innovation structures able to adapt and use technologies and know-how based on their own priorities and needs?
How can Sweden assist countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to move Towards a Knowledge Based Bio-economy?
This document discusses sustainable development in Africa, focusing on health and wellbeing. It provides examples of how smart agribusiness using new technologies can promote more sustainable development in Africa. These include using satellite imaging, drones, sensors on livestock, and mobile phones to improve efficiency, resilience, and smallholder inclusion in agriculture. International organizations like CGIAR and ILRI are supporting efforts to transform smallholder systems through research, insurance programs, and building scientific capacity in Africa. Overall, the document advocates for development in Africa that promotes sustainability, health, and wellbeing through innovative, inclusive approaches tailored to the African context.
9.Supply Chain and linking farmers,NCCD.pptxNisSan25
The document discusses supply chain integration and value chains in Indian agriculture. It notes that producing more is not enough to address food inflation and efficient supply systems are needed. It advocates developing integrated cold chain infrastructure and capacities tailored to different products. A proposed model shows how pack houses, transport, storage, and retail components could be developed at a total estimated cost of 1,330 lakhs. The supply chain has a digital future with applications of IoT, robotics, and other technologies. Organized supply chains can benefit farmers through increased market access and value addition opportunities.
Started to create milestones, we, Metalex Cryogenics Limited. marked our presence in the year 1968 and operate in the manufacturing/servicing of research and development, production expertise, and international customer service since 46 years. Our quality services products have been always appreciated by our clients. Our spontaneous attitude and confident approach in offering an excellent range of Refrigerant Compressor, Ice Machines, Industrial Valves, Refrigerant Pumps, Pressure Vessels has deepened our roots in the market. We, Metalex Cryogenics Limited breathe with the aim of fully satisfying our clients with our high-quality products services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals, all of them contributing at the best of their potentials to offer the highest degree of efficiency and client satisfaction.
The document provides information on India's food processing sector. Some key points:
- India has a large agriculture sector and is the largest producer of milk and second largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally.
- The food processing industry is one of India's largest industries, accounting for around 14% of manufacturing GDP and expected to reach $482 billion by 2020.
- Major segments include fruits and vegetables, milk, meat and poultry, marine products, and grain processing. The organized sector accounts for around 70% of the industry.
- Notable trends include rising domestic and international demand, entry of international companies, changing consumer preferences towards healthier options, and increasing exports.
Verde Ventures is a conservation investment fund that provides financing to small and medium enterprises. It has invested $19.2 million in 48 entities across 13 countries, with a 91% repayment rate. Its portfolio focuses on sectors like cocoa, coffee and ecotourism that support green economies in priority conservation areas. The document provides details on Verde Ventures' impacts, portfolio, monitoring and evaluation framework, and examples of investments in sectors like agriculture and tourism in countries like Peru, Ethiopia, Kenya, Mexico and others.
India has great potential to be the food basket of the world due to its diverse agricultural resources and large workforce in agriculture. However, currently 20% of food produced in India is wasted due to an inefficient supply chain and lack of cold storage infrastructure and food processing industry. Building an efficient supply chain using modern techniques could help India serve its population with value-added food while ensuring good prices for farmers. The food processing industry has an important role to play in linking farmers to consumers in India and abroad. Developing a fully integrated cold chain logistics system including cold storage, transportation, packaging and information management could help reduce waste and make India a leading global food supplier.
Citation by KPMG-SCLC (Supply Chain Leadership Council) on awarding India's first ever Cold Chain Personality Award, December 2010. For Individual Excellence in Food Business in an Emerging Landscape and works related to street hawkers, innovation and thought leadership
Paper in TAA (Tropical Agriculture Assoc) Journal, AG4 Dev36 spring 2019Pawanexh Kohli
This document discusses the role of cold chain logistics in improving agricultural efficiency in India. It notes that while India achieved food security through increased production via the Green Revolution, losses still occur due to inadequate distribution systems. Improving supply chain connectivity between farms and consumers through an effective cold chain can help reduce food waste and losses. The document emphasizes that production alone does not ensure supply, and an efficient logistics system is needed to connect farm output to demand.
India is a major producer and consumer of agricultural goods and seafood. It has over 7,500 km of coastline with 200 ports handling 95% of international cargo. As incomes and spending rise, demand for quality perishable foods is increasing rapidly. However, India lacks integrated cold chain infrastructure to efficiently transport perishables from farms to markets. Recovering and utilizing stranded cold energy from LNG terminals presents a major opportunity. The 18 proposed LNG terminals across India could provide over 1,000 MW of clean, low-cost energy to power a national cold chain network and perishables logistics hub. This would minimize food waste and boost agricultural exports.
Presented at World Conference Cold chain - Thaifex 2013. Opportunity and Challenges in emerging markets, case study India. Cold chain development, the need and the success in hand. Market prospects for cold chain in emerging markets with focus on India.
1) The previous year, 2012, did not see major changes or catalysts in the business environment due to global uncertainty and India's unsure economic position.
2) However, 2012 helped assuage professional outlooks in India as there were no real negative trends, just slower than expected growth.
3) Most professionals in India continued their work and planning assertively rather than waiting for changes, showing the maturing of India's business sphere.
The participants in the roundtable discussion debated the state of cold chain infrastructure in India. While cold chain capacity has grown over the last decade, it still meets only a fraction of the demand. Modern technologies have been adopted by some but are still not widespread. Government standards have improved awareness but entrepreneurs often lack knowledge about requirements. Cold chains could significantly reduce food waste and shortages by lengthening shelf life and distributing supply more evenly over time and geography. However, bankers have traditionally not viewed cold chains as a promising business. Draft reports on specific commodity cold chains could help educate future entrepreneurs.
Why worry about Organised Retail (or FDI in retail). It can bring organisation and promote economic co-operation and development but will require a shift in current day mindsets.
The document discusses strategies for developing an effective sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) system in India. It addresses the following key points:
1) SSCM requires strong predictive strategies and planning to address uncertainties that can impact costs and losses.
2) Building capacity across the supply chain through training, motivation, and developing a strategy-focused workforce is critical for scaling an SSCM system.
3) Adopting a holistic and socially responsible approach will help large SSCM organizations flourish by gaining trust and addressing issues across the entire supply chain.
by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli on the shooting incident off Kerala (India), involving the Italian tanker MT Enrica Lexie and fishing boat St. Antony - Feb 2012
Free Trade Zone in Uttar Pradesh India
A cover feature column, Logistics Times, India's largest Free Trade and Warehousing zone. The future of India's supply chain network.
This document discusses various options for transporting bio pharmaceutical shipments, including both air and surface transport. It notes the challenges of air transport, such as fluctuating ambient temperatures and limited routing options. Surface transport provides alternatives like consolidated shipping with feeder services and optimized routing through distribution centers. A proposed "pit-stop" express solution would use distribution centers and en route exchanges of chill packs to maintain temperature control over longer surface routes. The document advocates for multi-modal solutions and a single connected chain of custody to safely and efficiently transport temperature-sensitive biopharma products.
Humanitarian Logistics (2012)- importance of supply cells when planning for disasters. Create lifeboats round population centres to cater supplies for different types of disaster situations. Only deploying man power is insufficient mitigation. Emergency management must include associated pre-emptive stock and supply management - Synergy with existing cold chain capacities.
The document outlines subsidy options for cold-chain infrastructure in India, including subsidies for setting up new infrastructure, modernizing existing infrastructure, and expanding infrastructure. It provides details on subsidies for various cold-chain components like cold storages, refrigerated transport, packaging infrastructure, and marketing infrastructure. The subsidies are credit-linked and back-ended, with higher subsidy percentages provided for infrastructure in hilly and scheduled areas. Normative costs and project parameters are specified for each infrastructure component. Between 2009-2012, various government schemes created over 62 lakh MT of cold storage and refrigerated transport capacity in India.
Interview with ICE Magazine (of GCCA) on cold chain scenario in April 11. The future prospects of cold chain in India, on being awarded cold chain personality of the year, on the bottlenecks to development of cold chain
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...my Pandit
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
4 Benefits of Partnering with an OnlyFans Agency for Content Creators.pdfonlyfansmanagedau
In the competitive world of content creation, standing out and maximising revenue on platforms like OnlyFans can be challenging. This is where partnering with an OnlyFans agency can make a significant difference. Here are five key benefits for content creators considering this option:
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Digital Marketing with a Focus on Sustainabilitysssourabhsharma
Digital Marketing best practices including influencer marketing, content creators, and omnichannel marketing for Sustainable Brands at the Sustainable Cosmetics Summit 2024 in New York
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SUmsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
Garments ERP Software in Bangladesh _ Pridesys IT Ltd.pdfPridesys IT Ltd.
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PPP and Cold Chain Development
1. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
Summary of
Base Paper at
Cold Chain Summit 2007
Cold Chain Infrastructure for Value Creation & Rural
Entrepreneurship in Horticulture
INTRODUCTION
Exciting socio-economic changes in India, needing sensitive management to allow:
o Well being to filter down to all strata.
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o Harnessing of National natural strengths into viable business.
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India’s Compelling Strengths:
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o Horticultural biodiversity.
o India is one of the largest producers of Fruits and Vegetables.
o Large Agrarian work force.
Realities, Weaknesses:
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o Inefficient management of F&V sector.
o Cultivation of F&V regional, transportation inevitable.
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o F&V is inherently fragile, prone to damage easily.
o Low level awareness of best practices in post harvest technology.
o Low awareness of best practices in cold chain management.
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Paradigm Shift Essential:
o Promote awareness of best practices & global benchmarks in Post Harvest care.
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o Improve F&V handling practices- post harvest & in transportation.
o Develop a strong efficient cold chain supply system.
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o Speed up adoption of cold chain system.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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Lost Opportunity – strong horticulture production base yet miniscule global share in exports or
ap
processing.
Drivers for demand for Cold Chain infrastructure:
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o To Fully leverage strengths.
o Rapid growth of modern format organized retailing.
o Obsolete or defunct existing installations.
by
Bottlenecks Existing:
o High capital costs
o Limited Power supply.
o High Power costs – energy intensive industry.
o Capex Subsidy support from Government Outdated.
o High excise/customs duty on cold chain materials.
o Poor awareness of benefits of pre-cooling amongst farmers.
o Prohibitive lead time from adoption to benefits.
Limited Knowledge Base (India-centric):
o Lack of Domain Skills – limited knowledge resources.
o No access to trained knowledge base – specific to F&V care.
o No access to trained technical skills – sustaining specific cold chain links.
o No specialized institutes for cold chain technicians – on the job training.
o No central body of knowledge on good cold chain practices.
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2. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
Two Pronged Strategy to Mitigate:
1. Reduce Cost burdens, Advance Viability -
Fiscal measures - lower customs/excise duty.
Revise subsidy norms to market reality.
Cover utilization gaps in startups; ‘top-up’ grants.
Streamline funding through PPP implementation.
2. Enhance Support Structure:
a. Creation of Knowledge Cadre
Modernise Post Harvest curriculum in Agri universities.
Align with & emulate advanced foreign institutions.
Use the ITI’s as the nodal agency.
i
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Industry intervention to improve content and best practices at ITIs.
b. Innovative Power Solutions
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Alternative Fuels - Drive towards commercialisation.
Setup a nodal agency to coordinate various efforts above...
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HORTICULTURE IN INDIA ex
FACTS:
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India produces 47 million tons of Fruit – largest producer in the world.
India produces 96 million tons of Vegetables – 2nd in the world.
Horticulture contributes for over 30% of agri-GDP.
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Accounts for 41 million hectares of cultivated land
Employs close to 150 million people.
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Traditionally horticulture was grown as filler crop between grains.
SHIFT TOWARDS HORTICULTURAL CROPS:
Due to increasing risks & investments in grain crops.
t.
Average Indian household diet shifting towards a larger share of fresh produce.
ap
Growing disposable income and increased awareness is also aiding this.
FUTURE & GROWTH:
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Booming retail sector - trade in 2006 estimated at US$320 Billion
Growth expected to US$ 421 Billion in 2010.
Organised sector growth at 40-45% annually.
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Penetration of organised retailing up at 6% in 2006 from 3% in 2003.
Capacity to increase penetration in exports and food processing.
It is inferred that demand for an efficient & modern supply chains for handling of fresh produce will
grow significantly.
EXISTING STATUS OF COLD CHAINS IN INDIA:
Lack of integrated Cold Chain exists.
Fragmented cold chain integrity with negligible pre-cooler availability.
Pre-coolers and refrigerated transport still in an experimental stage.
Process inefficiencies abound – lack of knowledge.
Cold storage capacity (20 mn tons) largely caters to storage of potatoes and apples of
which potato dominates.
Capacities are clustered in 4 states – 70% in UP, Uttranchal, W.Bengal & Punjab.
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3. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
No significant capacity addition in cold storage to keep up with the explosive growth
in economy.
Horticultural business model tutors evacuating produce daily to closest mandi.
Financial viability impacted by lack of sustained revenue due to high levels of
seasonality of produce.
Grid Power failures effect fresh produce shelf life.
Yet countries in a similar state of development & facing similar issues have overcome and transformed
themselves into strong horticulture trading economies – Thailand, Peru, Chile, etc.
CASE STUDY OF THAILAND
Thailand’s exports about 30 fruit types and in 2004 horticulture exports totalled about US$ 1.5 Billion.
i
hl
Similarities with India:
Unorganised traditional (wet) markets continue to dominate.
Ko
Strong dichotomy between rural and urban populace.
Similarity of tropical climate and geographical topology.
Similarities in eating and culinary habits.
Rich biodiversity, wide variety of produce.
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HORTICULTURE TRADE IN THAILAND -
RECENT HISTORY:
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Till mid 1990’s-
Horticulture selling was
fragmented and unorganized
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with over 90% flowing through
wet markets (mandis).
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Only 11% of shoppers used
modern retail formats for F&V
shopping.
Modern formats accounted for
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only 7% of total fresh produce
trading.
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In 1996-
Royal Ahold started a JV with
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The Central Retail Corp. and
setup the TOPS chain.
World Fresh Distribution Centre
by
established.
Flow of fresh produce from this centre
to retail outlets streamlined.
In 1999-
Thai Fresh project initiated by a
consortium of Golden Exotics, Holland
and KLM Cargo.
This established first integrated cold
supply chain & modern farm practises.
Triggered distinct escalation in exports.
The result of these initiatives was the exports of
fresh produce increased from approx 1.3 mkg in 1998
to 4.6mkg in 2004.exports in 2006 stood at 11mn
tons.
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4. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
Initial teething problems:
Minimal use of humidity control devices and ethylene oxidizers.
Gaps in cold chain caused losses.
Manual handling undid good work of cold chain.
Cold storage facilities were typically used for produce for exports & food processing.
Produce for domestic consumption never saw the cold chain.
Initiatives taken in Thailand:
A 3 pronged process adopted-
The Foreign Agriculture Service of the USDA and logistics company EMO Trans were
brought in to help develop best practices for cold supply chain and to train professionals
at various levels of cold supply chain.
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Fiscal benefits - Agro industries were included within the gambit of sectors for special tax
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incentives, channelled through a board of investment.
Proper guidelines for temperature and humidity controls were developed in collaboration
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with the USDA.
This process hinged on the PPP model with certain investments by the private sector while
government provided methods to ease the viability gap.
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A Board of Investment was setup by the government to encourage investments in various areas of
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agriculture. The BOI focussed on agriculture as a national strategic sector and offered tax and non-tax
incentives.
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Tax incentives offered included tax holidays, import duty exemptions on machinery, double deduction
from taxable income of utility costs, etc.
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Amongst the activities promoted by BOI was Food preservation, packing, Research and development,
Cold storage and transportation, etc.
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BOTTLENECKS & MITIGATION IN COLD CHAIN ADOPTION IN INDIA
Bottlenecks Action to Mitigate
t.
1. Economic infeasibility in setup and Improve economic feasibility through:
operations of cold chain a. PPP Model to provide viability gap funding.
ap
b. Harness the power of existing subsidies.
c. Develop innovative rural financing models.
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2. Lack of experienced Human Promote Academia-industry interaction.
Capital.
3. Lack of Quality Protocols. Develop India-centric food & quality standards.
by
4. Lack of Power Resources. Use alternative energy to resolve power
requirements.
Key Criteria for PPP application:
1. When Investment risk is too large to be borne singly or privately; because utilisation is
extremely low in initial phase. Requires viability gap funding to sustain initial period.
2. When Resources required in the setup are beyond the normal reach of the private
sector – land is a key bottleneck and cannot be surmounted without the intervention of
the government. This issue is also being faced in the Terminal Market Complex projects at
various places.
3. When Project involves issues of social equity – some projects like rural electrification
and village roads are inherently unviable but need to be executed since it forms a part of
the basic framework of good governance. Hence it is imperative that the government
participate in its ownership
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5. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
Cold Chain and PPP?
On evaluating Cold Chains along key criteria for PPP, 2 of the 3 criteria are fulfilled.
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hl
Ko
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A CLEAR CASE FOR PPP IN COLD CHAINS
1. Cold chains will directly impact farmer community so there is a strong social equity.
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Cold chains begin at farm gate so a large amount of rural development activity is
triggered.
It creates multiple opportunities for entrepreneurs and will create unprecedented
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direct & indirect employment.
2. Clear lack of early viability.
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Low awareness leading to low utilisation levels.
To test the efficacy of PPP in fostering growth, a case study of roads is shows:
Similarities between roads and cold chain-
t.
Key ingredient to making either one viable is traffic estimation depending on availability
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of past information. This was not available and similarly little information is available on
cold chain usage and adoption trends.
Like roads, cold chains are a common resource utilized by many unrelated industries.
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PPP in development of national highways faced issues similar to those of the cold chain
Economic Viability unsure – gap funding required.
by
Socio-economic impact.
Infrastructure development.
The impact of PPP development activities in road sector will be that the sector will see an investment
of Rs. 1.7 trillion till 2012 through a cumulative of three PPP Models.
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6. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
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hl
Ko
h
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Valuable lessons can be learnt from the roads sector in applying PPP to foster growth in the cold chain
an
Area of Action Pvt. Sector effort Govt Support
Infrastructure Bring in the best of breed Ease import duty restrictions
development technology and equipment Create long term demand through
w
initiatives like TMC’s ,AEZ’s
Human capital Collaborate with academia to help Invest in creating more educational
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development create a cadre of skilled engineers institutions.
and technicians.
Viability Provide viability gap funding
t.
Policies to improve cold chain
adoption
ap
Infrastructure Accelerate pace and scale of Give infrastructure status to cold
Status projects to ensure wider reach. chains.
Benefits-Tax holiday ,preferential
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land allotment, accelerated
depreciation etc.
Create social
by
Create jobs in rural and semi-urban Educate the farmer community
equity areas. about long term benefits of using
cold chain
Options for Financial innovation to ensure Be amenable to experiment with
business models multiple business models. various options.
TRADITIONAL VIEW OF PPP IN COLD CHAINS:
Traditional evaluation of various elements of the existing horticultural value chain; and identifying
areas where PPP can be applied gainfully.
Pre-cooling:
Limited to certain produce only.
Done entirely in rural areas close to farms.
Heavy fragmentation of farm ownership and small size of land holdings.
6 of 10
7. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
Hence the ownership will have to rest with the farmer cooperatives, rural
entrepreneurs.
It may not be viable for corporates to setup pre-cooling facilities. While NABARD or RRBs may consider
innovative financing models to foster entrepreneurs, PPP model is effectively ruled out at pre-cooling
leg.
Local APMC Mandi / Marketplace: Since the significant consumption happens in larger cities,
the practice of evacuating the produce at the earliest to the metro mandis is logical. A cold storage in
local mandi is not envisaged as there is no prospect for long term storage.
Reefer transport: does not warrant a PPP intervention as only 20-25% of total production will
require this transportation mode since most produce can be moved ambient or will move shorter
distances. Only produce that require secondary movement will require reefer transportation.
i
Metro APMC/Terminal market complex: Due to complexity of operation and high initial
hl
capital costs, this is already coming up under the PPP model, though the model is restricted to
providing subsidies under existing schemes which are inadequate.
Ko
Retail Merchandising: no lack of viability on account of utilization, PPP not envisaged here’
Food processing and exports: Likely to see significant PPP. Cold storages in air and sea ports
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and in food and agri parks is essential. As these are part of basic infrastructure their development
falls within the ambit of the government machinery. The model for PPP in food parks is being set up
by the MoFPI. ex
an
w
Pa
t.
ap
C
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It is obvious that the traditional view is that though the cold chain requires PPP, it will be
individually applied to selected elements only.
A nodal agency is required:
1. Take a holistic view of entire supply chain and assess merit of PPP in each.
2. Identify areas for PPP and support creation of various engagement models.
3. Where PPP may not be relevant, create mechanisms to support growth and development
through fiscal benefits, financial models.
A CONTRARIAN VIEW
The traditional view of PPP above envisages viability gap funding and fiscal benefits. This approach
can turn out to be time consuming. In cold chain there are multiple stake holders and bringing them
together is a daunting task.
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8. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
In a contrarian approach, if we start by estimating the scale of investments required in cold chains to
create a critical mass of adoption. This will ensure a significant portion of the annual production flows
through the cold chain.
Assuming, that only produce that logically needs to travel through a cold chain does so in the final
analysis, the magnitude of investment is in the range of Rs.17000cr-18000cr.
Pre-coolers 6MT each – 81,250 MT capacity – Rs 3,385 cr
Reefer Transport 14/10 MT each – 14,636/6,403 trucks – Rs 2,836 cr
Cold Storage capacity – 9.2 Mn Tons – at Rs 12000/ton – Rs 11,057 cr
The govt may take the view to accelerate the process of cold chain setup, it would undertake the
entire investment by itself. Models of operation may then be evolved based on a cost benefit analysis.
Allied benefits that may accrue to the govt will be-
i
1. Reduction of fragmented sub-optimal cold chain. One shot govt investment will enable a
hl
smooth and seamless setup of an integrated cold chain.
Ko
2. Hasten and Enhance value creation for farmers through high quality cold chain. Possibly
leading to a situation where farmers’ dependence on subsidies pre/post harvest is
reduced. These savings in the subsidy spend will offset the initial investment
Harness the Power of Existing Subsidies
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APEDA and NHB Administered.
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The objective is to provide capex relief.
Adoption of subsidies for cold storages is highest.
It is low in the case of C.A storages and Pre-coolers.
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Nature and extent of subsidy is indicated below:
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Scheme component Scheme scale
Setting up of facility with proper 50% of cost equipment subject
Pa
Pre coolers air handling system to a ceiling of Rs. 10 lacs per
beneficiary.
Setting up of integrated post 25% of the cost subject to a
Cold storages with harvest handling system(pack ceiling of Rs. 25 lacs per
t.
processing facilities houses with any two or more of beneficiary.
the above facilities
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Setting up of specialized storage 50% of the cost subject to a
facilities such as high humidity ceiling of Rs. 50 lacs per
C.A storages
cold storage deep freezers, C.A or beneficiary.
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M.A Storage
However several questions crop up when evaluating the subsidy mechanism.
by
Subsidy amounts may not be adequate.
The process of obtaining may not be streamlined.
It only subsidises the capital cost and not the operating costs.
Power is a significant component of the cold chain. Real cost of power is high in India and this is
not considered.
The fact that the level of subsidy is inadequate is evidenced by the disparity in the norms used for
calculating project cost and the actual project cost for setting up facilities.
Rs.per ton of capacity
NHB/APEDA NORM 4000
LOW COST PROVIDERS NORM 6500
MAINSTREAM/MNC PROVIDERS NORMS 12000
8 of 10
9. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
The inadequate capex
support force the cold chain
operators to compromise on
quality of equipment and
facility leading to creation of
substandard infrastructure,
poor operating performance
and hence inefficient output.
The subsidy does not support
integrated cold chain facilities
like reefer transport and
mobile cooling vans and hence
needs improvements in
i
coverage.
hl
The subsidy structure is one
Ko
dimensional and attempts to
create several single cold
storages rather than a modern
facility providing a range of
services.
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ex
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INNOVATIVE RURAL FINANCING MODELS
Why are financial models required-
Setup Requires heavy capital investments.
w
Low traffic in initial phase until awareness and proof of concept increases traffic
Pa
Initial phase may last for uncertain/undetermined time period.
Fixed costs – salaries, power, AMC fees –to be incurred continuously.
To enable the entrepreneur to setup & to insulate from the initial losses inherent, it is essential to
t.
provide some extent of viability gap funding. Since subsidies and funding is being channelled through
NABARD, RRBs etc, viability funding can also be extended through the same. Financing agencies must
ap
do following-
1. Create an objective, effective mechanism for merit assessment. Project evaluation.
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2. Provide Capital & Viability gap funding – 50% of capital cost and accumulated losses for
first 5 years.
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LACK OF HUMAN CAPITAL
A Key Gap in cold chain space is lack of adequate & relevant human capital.
Cold chain involves a complex chain of activities.
Multiple complexities in human capital development. Cold chain expertise & Skilled
manpower -
o Operators.
o Technicians.
o Maintenance engineers.
o Agri-experts.
o HACCP compliance.
o Logisitcs & Transport
Two issues need to be addressed-
A lack of a steady stream of skilled people who manage various aspects of cold chain.
A disconnect between desired skill-sets and academic curriculum.
9 of 10
10. Summarised by Capt. Pawanexh Kohli
Ensuring a steady stream of skilled manpower:
1. Technical Cadre – Engineers and technicians, who can install, commission and maintain
the various equipment required in the cold chain.
2. Knowledge Cadre – a cadre who will take decisions on appropriate climate control and
handling for various fruits & vegetables; to enable the farmer to extract maximum
realisation from any unit of produce.
ECONOMICAL POWER SOURCE
Power costs accounts for 25-40% of total operating expenditure in the cold chain.
Current Options for accessing power are typically-grid and DG power.
Grid power is inexpensive but unreliable.
i
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Apart from this in rural areas availability is also a concern.
DG power is expensive but available on call.
Ko
In rural areas cost of transport of diesel for DG sets is added.
Mitigators
Need to look for alternate sources of energy locally available. Today several options exist including
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bio-diesel and bio-mass. However, these are in an experimental stage and will need a few years to
commercialize.
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Pre-cooling is the most critical element in maintaining the integrity of cold chain. This is also the
most energy consuming stage. Systematic investments in R&D and pilots by various stakeholders is
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required.
In the short term conventional fuels (diesel) are the only option – higher cost of fuel needs to be
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factored into business model. Cost of Power remains the main issue.
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t.
ap
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