The document discusses COVID-19 vaccine development and types. It explains that vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize pathogens through immunogens like attenuated live viruses, inactivated viruses, viral proteins, or genetic material. For COVID-19, vaccines in late-stage trials use inactivated viruses, viral vectors, protein subunits, and RNA or DNA. The development process involves pre-clinical and clinical trials through phase III. As of October 2020, 10 candidates were in phase III worldwide trials to evaluate safety and efficacy.
detailed information about COVID_19 and Corona Viruses how it would be transmitted and all the preventive measures
information about the vaccine of corona virus
Vaccine Development for COVID-19 virus, ranging from all the technologies such as DNA Vaccine, mRNA Vaccine, Whole Inactivated Vaccine, Viral Vector Vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 viral pathology is also shared in this slide.
A vaccine is a biological agent that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine usually contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism. Learn more about vaccine technology at https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/vaccine-technology.htm
detailed information about COVID_19 and Corona Viruses how it would be transmitted and all the preventive measures
information about the vaccine of corona virus
Vaccine Development for COVID-19 virus, ranging from all the technologies such as DNA Vaccine, mRNA Vaccine, Whole Inactivated Vaccine, Viral Vector Vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 viral pathology is also shared in this slide.
A vaccine is a biological agent that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine usually contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism. Learn more about vaccine technology at https://www.creative-biolabs.com/vaccine/vaccine-technology.htm
Different types of vaccines work in different ways to offer protection. But with all types of vaccines, the body is left with a supply of “memory” T-lymphocytes as well as B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight that virus in the future.
It typically takes a few weeks after vaccination for the body to produce T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes.
Brief report on coronavirus by incubigAnkit Lekhra
Read the report by Incubig to know more about this deadly virus and understand the efforts of the global research community for providing treatment for this pathogenic virus, for which prior treatment did not exist and potential for a pandemic remains.
Coronavirus outbreak already at a pandemic level. The economy can be revived, but what about the lost lives? We need a unified global effort to save the lives of millions.
Our team at Incubig will regularly publish research activity by the worldwide universities, and organizations under coronavirus, specifically for finding the vaccine for this deadly virus.
Reach out to us at contact@incubig.com for more details.
Thank you.
Incubig
Accelerating innovation | www.incubig.com
Nature vaccine development timeline 20 major milestonesDoriaFang
The path of vaccine development over the centuries has intertwined the relentlessness of infectious disease with the great advances of science. Here we share vaccine development milestones from Nature to navigate the breakthroughs in vaccine development.
More than 150 coronavirus vaccines are in development across the world—and hopes are high to bring one to market in record time to ease the global crisis.
The World Health Organization is also coordinating global efforts to develop a vaccine, with an eye toward delivering two billion doses by the end of 2021.
Hello guys , today I am discussing about various stages of vaccine development and types of vaccines already developed by various biotech companies all over the world and their current status in clinical trial till now .
Hope , Very early we can get a ideal corona virus vaccine which would be safe and effective to human and also eradicate this disease from the world .
For more information please follow these link :
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2...
https://www.precisionvaccinations.com...
https://www.who.int/publications/m/it...
A COVID 19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). types of active and inactivated vaccine
Here's exactly where we're at with vaccines and #reatments for COVID-19!
In this newly published issue of TIF's ''COVID-19 Vaccinations & Therapeutic Drugs'' Guide, you can find out the latest on the current status of COVID-19 vaccinations across the world, the new vaccines and promising treatments, such as molnupiravir, and much more.
• Vaccination and how it works?
• Herd Immunity
• COVID-19 vaccines in India
• Who can take the vaccine?
• What to expect during and after vaccination?
• Vaccine Hesitancy
• Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy
Disclaimer -
The Content belongs to WHO (World Health Organisation). Sharing here is just to spread awareness about Covid-19.
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/risk-comms-updates/update37-vaccine-development.pdf?sfvrsn=2581e994_6
Different types of vaccines work in different ways to offer protection. But with all types of vaccines, the body is left with a supply of “memory” T-lymphocytes as well as B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight that virus in the future.
It typically takes a few weeks after vaccination for the body to produce T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes.
Brief report on coronavirus by incubigAnkit Lekhra
Read the report by Incubig to know more about this deadly virus and understand the efforts of the global research community for providing treatment for this pathogenic virus, for which prior treatment did not exist and potential for a pandemic remains.
Coronavirus outbreak already at a pandemic level. The economy can be revived, but what about the lost lives? We need a unified global effort to save the lives of millions.
Our team at Incubig will regularly publish research activity by the worldwide universities, and organizations under coronavirus, specifically for finding the vaccine for this deadly virus.
Reach out to us at contact@incubig.com for more details.
Thank you.
Incubig
Accelerating innovation | www.incubig.com
Nature vaccine development timeline 20 major milestonesDoriaFang
The path of vaccine development over the centuries has intertwined the relentlessness of infectious disease with the great advances of science. Here we share vaccine development milestones from Nature to navigate the breakthroughs in vaccine development.
More than 150 coronavirus vaccines are in development across the world—and hopes are high to bring one to market in record time to ease the global crisis.
The World Health Organization is also coordinating global efforts to develop a vaccine, with an eye toward delivering two billion doses by the end of 2021.
Hello guys , today I am discussing about various stages of vaccine development and types of vaccines already developed by various biotech companies all over the world and their current status in clinical trial till now .
Hope , Very early we can get a ideal corona virus vaccine which would be safe and effective to human and also eradicate this disease from the world .
For more information please follow these link :
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2...
https://www.precisionvaccinations.com...
https://www.who.int/publications/m/it...
A COVID 19 vaccine is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV 2), the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). types of active and inactivated vaccine
Here's exactly where we're at with vaccines and #reatments for COVID-19!
In this newly published issue of TIF's ''COVID-19 Vaccinations & Therapeutic Drugs'' Guide, you can find out the latest on the current status of COVID-19 vaccinations across the world, the new vaccines and promising treatments, such as molnupiravir, and much more.
• Vaccination and how it works?
• Herd Immunity
• COVID-19 vaccines in India
• Who can take the vaccine?
• What to expect during and after vaccination?
• Vaccine Hesitancy
• Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy
Disclaimer -
The Content belongs to WHO (World Health Organisation). Sharing here is just to spread awareness about Covid-19.
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/risk-comms-updates/update37-vaccine-development.pdf?sfvrsn=2581e994_6
Mechanism of different types of vaccines in developmentEmilioMolina23
Recap of certain vaccines technologies against Covid-19
Introduce MOA of current and in development Covid-19 vaccines
Ever since the first vaccine was developed in 1796 to treat smallpox, several different methods have been created to develop successful vaccines. Today, those methods, known as vaccine technologies, are more advanced and use the latest technology to help protect the world from preventable diseases.
Depending on the pathogen (a bacteria or virus) that is being targeted, different vaccine technologies are used to generate an effective vaccine.
In total, there are five different vaccine technology platforms in this presentation each with its own benefits, and examples.
vaccine train user immune system to create antibodies, just as it when it is exposed to a disease. However, because vaccine contain only killed or weakened forms of germs like viruses or bacteria, they do not cause the disease or put you at the risk of complications.
vaccine is a biological preparation that improve immunity to a particular disease.
A vaccine typically contain an agent that resembles a disease causing microorganisms and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbes.
Immunity: Protection from an infectious disease. If you are immune to a disease, you can be exposed to it without becoming infected.
Vaccine: A preparation that is used to stimulate the body’s immune response against diseases. Vaccines are usually administered through needle injections, but some can be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.
Vaccination: The act of introducing a vaccine into the body to produce protection from a specific disease.
coronavirus caused millions of deaths around the world recently .
not only knowing the structure of this virus matters but also the vaccines preventing its deadly effects is of importance .
in this power point which I prepared for my university advisor almost 1.5 year ago I mentioned all types of vaccines which then were approved or were on clinical trials.
COVID-19 VACCINESMyths Vs Facts
Vaccines types
How they work ?
Recombinant vaccines
Why Covid Vaccines?
Covid Vaccines
Vaccine Usage in the world
In the discussion
Facts vs Myths-
Some Tips for Vaccination
Vaccines are tiny fragments of the disease-causing organism or the blueprints for making the tiny fragments. They contain other ingredients to keep the vaccine safe and effective.
vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
HISTORY OF VACCINES-
EDWARD JENNER conduct experiments in 1796 that lead to the creation of the first smallpox vaccine for prevention of smallpox.
A vaccine for RABIES is developed by LOUIS PASTEUR .
Vaccine for COLERA and TYPHOID were developed in 1896 and PLAGE vaccine in 1887.
The first DIPHTHERIA vaccine is developed in about 1913 by EMIL ADOLPH BEHRING,WILLIAM HALLOCK PARK.
The whole cell PERTUSIS vaccines are developed in 1914.
A TETANUS vaccine is developed in 1927.
A brief presentation on fish vaccination and its application particularly in Bangladesh. The overall process is described in a nutshell here. The types, procedure of formation, regulation, licensing and use are among them.
A vaccine is an antigenic material that stimulates adaptive immunity to a disease.
Vaccines are generally considered to be the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases.
The material administered can either be live but weakened forms of either bacteria or viruses, killed or inactivated forms of these pathogens, or purified material such as proteins.
Similar to subtopic of COVID- 19 VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND TYPES (20)
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. • Vaccines can prevent infectious diseases.
Examples : measles, polio, hepatitis B,
influenza and many others.
• ‘Herd’ or ‘indirect’ or ‘population’
immunity.
Why we use vaccines
2
3. • Vaccines safely deliver an immunogen
which is a specific type of antigen that
elicits an immune response, to train the
immune system to recognize the
pathogen when it is encountered
naturally.
How vaccines work
3
4. • Vaccines sometimes require more than
one dose to:
build complete immunity
give a ‘booster’ dose when immunity wears
off
immunize people against viruses causing
disease that may be different from season
to season, for example, the yearly flu
vaccine
How vaccines are delivered
ABOUT
VACCINES
4
5. Immunogens used to develop viralvaccines
IMMUNOGEN HOW IT WORKS EXAMPLE of vaccines
Attenuated live virus Live virus but doesn’t
cause disease
Measles, rubella, mumps,
yellow fever, smallpox
(vaccinia)
Whole inactivated virus Inactivated dead virus Influenza, rabies hepatitis
A
Protein subunit A protein derived from
a pathogen
Influenza
Recombinant Host cell is used to
express an antigen
Hepatitis B
Peptides Synthetic produced
fragment of an antigen
COVID-19 vaccines in
development
Replicating or non-
replicating viral vector
Viral pathogen expressed
on a safe virus that
doesn’t cause disease
Ebola
Nucleic acid DNA or RNA coding for a
viral protein
COVID-19 vaccines in
development 1
0
6. Virus Vaccines
11
• Virus is selected,
modified
(weakened) or
completely
inactivated so that
it will not cause
disease
Inactivated dead virus
Vaccines from whole
virus
Attenuated live virus
Attenuated live or inactivated dead
virus
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-
01221-y
7. Protein-based vaccines
1
2
• A protein is extracted
from the virus (alive or
inactivated), purified,
and injected as a
vaccine
• For coronavirus, this is
most commonly the
spike protein
Virus-like particles
Protein sub-units
Protein-based
vaccines
Protein sub-units or
virus-like particles
OR
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-
01221-y
8. Viral vector vaccines
• The gene for a
pathogen protein
is inserted into a
different virus that
can infect
someone without
causing disease
• The safe virus
serves as a
‘platform’ or
‘vector’ to deliver
the protein that
triggers an
immune response
1
3
Non-replicating viral vector
Viral vector
vaccines
Replicating vector
Replicating vector or non-replicating viral
vector
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-
01221-y
9. Nucleic acid vaccines
14
• Instead of a virus, a protein
antigen, or a virus expressing
the protein, nucleic acid
coding for the antigen is
injected
• DNA plasmid: enters
nucleus, translated to
mRNA for expression of
protein
• Or mRNA can be injected.
More direct (no translation
required) but less stable than
DNA
• This is new technology – no
other vaccines for human use
have used this
Nucleic acid
vaccines
DNA vaccine
DNA vaccine or RNA
vaccine
RNA vaccine
VACCINE DEVELOPMENT — Mechanism of action for types
of vaccines
10. • Pre-clinical studies
Vaccine is tested in animal studies for efficacy and safety, including challenge studies
• Phase I clinical trial
Small groups of healthy adult volunteers receive the vaccine to test for safety
• Phase II clinical trial
Vaccine is given to people who have characteristics (such as age and physical health) similar to
those for whom the new vaccine is intended
• Phase III clinical trial
Vaccine is given to thousands of people and tested for efficacy and safety
• Phase IV post marketing surveillance
Ongoing studies after the vaccine is approved and licensed, to monitor adverse events and to study
long- term effects of the vaccine in the population
• Human challenge studies
Studies in which a vaccine is given followed by the pathogen against which the vaccine is
designed to protect. Such trials are uncommon in people as they present considerable ethical
challenges
Steps in Vaccine
Development
15
11. •Four vaccines with preliminary efficacy data available as of
4 December 2020, all are intramuscular
(IM) injections with 2-dose courses.
• The University of Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine can be
stored, transported and handled at +2o to 8oC
• BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer vaccine has a
recommended temperature condition of -80oC and can
be stored for five days at +2o to 8oC
• The Moderna/NIAID vaccine remains stable at -20oC for
up to six months and remains stable at
+2o to 8oC for 30 days16 and
The Gamaleya institute, Sputnik-V vaccine can be stored at
+2o to 8oC.16
12. Why there are so many COVID-19 vaccines in
development
16
• There are many different COVID-19 vaccines in development
because it is not yet known which ones will be effective and
safe
• Based on experience, roughly 7% of vaccines in preclinical
studies succeed. Candidates that reach clinical trials have
about a 20% chance of succeeding.
13.
14. • As of 02 October 2020 there are 42
COVID-19 candidate vaccines
in clinical evaluation of which 10
in Phase III trials
• There are another 151 candidate
vaccines in preclinical evaluation
• Phase III trials usually require
30,000 or more participants
• All top candidate vaccines are for
intra-muscular injection
• Most are designed for a two-dose
schedule (exceptions with a * in
table are single dose)
COVID-19 vaccine
candidates in Phase III trials
18
10 CANIDATE VACCINES IN
PHASE III CLINICAL
EVALUATION
VACCINE PLATFORM
Sinovac Inactivated virus
Wuhan Institute of
Biological Products /
Sinopharm
Inactivated virus
Beijing Institute of
Biological Products /
Sinopharm
Inactivated virus
University of Oxford /
AstraZeneca
Viral vector *
CanSino Biological Inc. /
Beijing Institute of
Biotechnology
Viral vector *
Gamaleya Research Institute Viral vector
Janssen
Pharmaceutical
Companies
Viral vector
Novavax Protein subunit
Moderna / NIAID RNA
BioNTech / Fosun Pharma /
Pfizer
RNA
* Single dose
schedule
15.
16. • Companies like Moderna, Pfizer, and
Inovio Pharmaceuticals have been
perfecting cutting-edge vaccines
composed of genetic material (RNA and
DNA vaccines) that the cells can take up
and use to produce antigenic proteins,
more specifically the spike proteins found
on the membrane of the virus
17. • On 28 May 2020, WHO announced the launch of a coordinated
international, concurrent randomized controlled Phase III trial of
different vaccine candidates.
• A trial in several sites at once will help speed evaluation and
ensure that vaccines will have been tested in different
populations.
• The trial aims to enroll more than 280,000 participants
from at least470 different sites in 34 countries.
• Local involvement will help to identify trial sites with
high COVID-19 transmission and ensure community
engagement.
WHO COVID-19 Solidarity vaccine
trial
19