Subphylum Hexapoda.pptx
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The subphylum Hexapoda includes insects and other land arthropods with three pairs of legs and typically two pairs of wings. Hexapoda have three main body sections - the head, thorax, and abdomen. The thorax is divided into three segments, each bearing a pair of legs. More advanced insects like flies use indirect flight muscles that connect the thorax to the wings, allowing up-and-down wing movement through contractions of muscles on the thorax. Requirements for flight include thermoregulation abilities and muscles that can contract rapidly to provide lift, with wing movement powered directly by muscles in some insects like dragonflies.
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Entomology (Insect Parts)
The thorax is the middle body region of insects and contains three segments - the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax. Each segment contains a pair of legs and, in many adult insects, one or two pairs of wings. The thorax houses muscles that power the legs and wings. It is composed of rigid exoskeleton plates on the dorsal, ventral, and lateral sides of each segment. The thorax contains three pairs of legs and, in most adult insects, one or two pairs of wings that are adapted for functions like flight, protection, and sensory roles.
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Welcome to my presentation on the intricate world of the insect thorax! Delving into the fascinating realm of insect anatomy, my presentation offers an in-depth exploration of the structure, function, and significance of the thorax in the insect kingdom.
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Recombinant DNA technology involves cutting and joining DNA from different sources to produce novel DNA molecules. Some key developments included Watson and Crick discovering the DNA structure in 1953, and Cohen and Boyer producing the first plasmid vector capable of replication in bacteria in 1973. The goals of rDNA technology are to isolate, characterize, alter, and return genes to living cells to understand diseases and improve organisms. Common techniques used include PCR, gel electrophoresis, cloning libraries, and restriction enzyme mapping. Vectors like plasmids, lambda phage, cosmids, and BACs are used to clone and replicate recombinant DNA. Applications include producing medicines like insulin, developing pest-resistant crops, and gene therapy.
Gnathans
Chaetognaths are small marine animals known as arrow worms. They have a slender, transparent body with fins and teeth. Chaetognaths are voracious predators that eat copepods, fish larvae, and crustaceans whole using teeth and neurotoxins. They are hermaphrodites and reproduce through both internal and external fertilization. Chaetognaths use their torpedo-like bodies and fins to swiftly swim and float throughout marine waters from the surface to the deep sea. There is disagreement among scientists over whether chaetognaths are deuterostomes or protostomes.
Replication
DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. It occurs semi-conservatively, with each original DNA strand serving as a template for the production of a new complementary strand. Replication initiates at an origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally. In bacteria, the replication fork contains enzymes that unwind and separate the DNA strands. RNA primers are laid down and DNA polymerase extends DNA synthesis from the primers in the 5' to 3' direction on both the continuous leading and discontinuous lagging strands, generating Okazaki fragments. DNA ligase then seals the fragments together.
Replication
DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs semi-conservatively, with one parental strand and one new daughter strand produced. It begins at origins of replication where the DNA unwinds and separates. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the new strands growing from the replication fork in the 5' to 3' direction. In eukaryotes, the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments called Okazaki fragments opposite to the replication fork's direction. Telomeres and the telomerase enzyme prevent progressive shortening of chromosomes during replication.
Genes
Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific functions. DNA is made up of nucleotides containing the nitrogenous bases A, C, G, and T. Watson and Crick proposed that DNA exists as a double helix with the bases pairing according to rules. Most human genes contain non-coding introns and coding exons. Genes determine inherited traits and are located on chromosomes, existing in dominant and recessive alleles that determine homozygous and heterozygous states.
007zygote-191224154836.pptx
The zygote is a single eukaryotic cell formed by the fusion of an egg and sperm cell, containing a combined genome to form a new individual. It undergoes cleavage, forming a solid ball of cells called a morula. Further divisions form a hollow ball of cells called a blastula or blastocyst, containing an inner cell mass. During gastrulation, the blastula undergoes differentiation into three germ layers - ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. This forms the basic structure of the embryo, which then undergoes organogenesis and differentiation to develop specialized organs and tissues.
ectoprocta-brachiopoda-phoronidathelophophoratephyla-arnaizmartinjr-160704103...
The three phyla - Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, and Phoronida - share characteristics such as a horseshoe-shaped lophophore used for filter feeding, a U-shaped digestive system with the anus outside the lophophore, and being mostly sessile organisms. Ectoprocta are colonial organisms known as bryozoans or moss animals that live in tiny chambers. Brachiopods resemble lamp shells and have two valves, with most attaching to substrates. Phoronids are worm-like organisms that secrete and live within chitinous tubes.
chaetognaths Diversity
This document summarizes the phylum Chaetognatha, commonly known as arrow worms. It describes their general appearance, including a segmented body with fins and teeth. It discusses their predatory feeding behavior and hermaphroditic reproduction. Chaetognatha are found globally in marine environments, from surface waters to the deep sea. Their classification is debated, with some placing them among the deuterostomes and others among the protostomes.
Functions
The document discusses homeostasis, which refers to the maintenance of stable internal conditions in the body despite external changes. It achieves this through negative feedback systems involving multiple organ systems. For example, temperature is regulated by sweating, vasodilation and vasoconstriction triggered by temperature sensors in the brain. Blood sugar levels are regulated by insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreas. Kidneys also regulate fluid levels and remove wastes through processes like reabsorption and urine production.
Cycliophores invertebrates
- Phylum Cycliophora are microscopic marine invertebrates that were discovered in 1995 living commensally on lobster mouthparts. Only a few possible species are known.
- They have a multicellular, bilateral, acoelomate body that is hundreds of micrometers in length with an epidermis, cuticle, individual muscles, and unknown nervous system.
- They reproduce both asexually through budding and sexually, with multiple motile larval stages that allow settlement on new hosts.
land updates
Land use refers to how humans use land for various functions like housing, transportation, industry, agriculture, and more. The type of land use depends on factors like government zoning laws, economic priorities, and physical characteristics of the land. Common land uses include residential, transportation, institutional, open space, industrial, commercial, and agricultural. How land is used provides insight into a government's decisions and priorities and allows people to predict future trends in development.
More from KanwalNisa1 (20)
ectoprocta-brachiopoda-phoronidathelophophoratephyla-arnaizmartinjr-160704103...
ectoprocta-brachiopoda-phoronidathelophophoratephyla-arnaizmartinjr-160704103...
Recently uploaded
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Music and Medieval History
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
•Remaining70%isretainedandstoredbyfarmersforconsumption,seed,feed.Hence,growerneedstoragefacilitytoholdaportionofproducetosellwhenthemarketingpriceisfavourable
•TradersandCo-operativesatmarketcentresneedstoragestructurestoholdgrainswhenthetransportfacilityisinadequate
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
fermented food science of sauerkraut.pptx
This ppt contains the production of a fermented food name - sauerkraut
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.Recently uploaded (20)
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...
Subphylum Hexapoda.pptx
- 1. Subphylum Hexapoda Presented By Kanwal Nisa
- 2. Hexapoda The most successful Land Animal UNIQUENESS • 3 Pairs of Leg • 2 Pair of wings • 1 Pair of antennae Beetle insect
- 3. Three Tagmata • Head • Thorax • Abdomen Head are not divided but thorax are divided into different parts Division of thorax • Prothorax • Mesothorax • Metathorax
- 4. Speciation of Each Tagma Eye ,Antenna /mouth pats and ocelli Pairs of leg on each segments 2 pairs of wings at later sigmets 2 pair of spiracles 10 or 11abdominal segments,spiracles per segments Gentical & sensory sturture is called ceric
- 5. INSECTS FLIGHTS Wings may have evolued form the rigids,lateral outgrowth of the thorax that probably protected the legs or spiracles. Lateral these fixed lobes could have been used in gliding form the top of tall plants to the forest floor. The ability of the wings to flap, title and fold back over the body porbably came lateral. Hypothesis on the origin of Flights
- 6. Requirements of flights Thermoregulation abilities Relatively high body temperature 25C or greater,are needed for flights muscles to contract raplidly enough for flights.
- 7. Direct /synshronous flights Direct flight muscles are found in all insects and are used to control the wing during flight. However, in insects such as dragonflies and cockroaches, direct flight muscles are used to power flight too. The wings pivot up and down around a single pivot point. The wings are raised by a contraction of muscles attached to the base of the The wings are then brought down by a contraction of muscles that attach to the wing outside of the pivot point.
- 9. Indirect flight muscles Indirect flight muscles are found in more advanced insects such as true flies. indirect flight muscles are connected to the upper (tergum) and lower (sternum) surfaces of the insect thorax. A second set of muscles attach to the front and back of the thorax. The wings are raised by the muscles attached to the upper and lower surface of the thorax contracting. This brings the top surface of the thorax down and, along with it, the base of the wings. The wings are then lowered by a contraction of the muscles attached to the front and rear of the thorax This forces the upper surface of the thorax to raise and the wings pivot downwards.